THE 2 N D DLSMUN SECRETARIAT

JOHN CARLO PAJO

S E C R E T A R Y -G E N E R A L
CHARMAINE NICOLE RAMOS
DEPUTY SECRETARY GENERAL

SEAN AJIHIL
DIRECTOR GENERAL

ADRIENNE CACHO
CHIEF OF STAFF

EDITORIAL TEAM
CHARMAINE RAMOS
Editor in Chief
DOROTHY JARANTILLA
Head, Communications and
Publications
KEN ASANION
Art and Graphic Editor
AGATHA SABALA
Art and Layout Consultant

BY .

S ECRETARY -G ENERAL J OHN C ARLO P AJO

A Model UN is a simulation of a United Nations

Meeting composed of students and young
professionals. There are more than a hundred well
known Model United Nations (MUNs) worldwide and a
dozen MUNs have been around the Philippines.
Among them are Benilde MUN- the oldest and the
largest collegiate MUN in the Philippines, the Ateneo
MUN, and the University of the Philippines (UP) MUN.

Who participates?

Anyone can participate in a Model UN, depending on

the discretion of the organizing team of a Model UN.
Different MUNs cater to different participants
according to their educational level. The DLSMUN is
open to all enrolled undergraduate and graduate
students in the Philippines.

The 2nd DLSMUN is brought to you by:

BY .

S ECRETARY -G ENERAL J OHN C ARLO P AJO

AND DEPUTY

S ECRETARY GENERAL C HARMAINE R AMOS

I.Secretariat
As stated in Chapter XV of the United Nation Charter, the Secretariat administers
the programs and policies laid down by the principal organs of the United Nation
(UN, 2015). The Secretariat is the sole group of individuals who are engaged in
organizing a MUN. Each person has a key role, responsibility and duty to formally
organize a MUN.

Secretary General
The Secretary-General is the highest ranking official in a Model UN. Hes tasked to
coordinate and supervise all other officers of the Secretariat to ensure the progress
of a Model UN.

Deputy Secretary General

The Deputy Secretary-Generals role is to assist and help facilitate all key positions
of the Secretariat. This person is tasked to advise the Secretary-General in all
matters of the simulation. Also, this person is tasked to represent the SecretaryGeneral when deemed necessary. In DLSMUN, the Deputy Secretary-General is
also the head of communications and publications of the Secretariat; and oversees
the financial activities of the DLSMUN.

Director General
The Director General facilitates and oversees the substantial processes of
the simulation. He takes into account all actions done by the delegate and
he is also the first to respond to the substantial issues of the simulation.
Furthermore, he manages and coordinates with the directors of each
committee of the simulation to ensure the speedily flow of the sessions.

Chief of Staff
This person is in charge of all logistical concerns of the Model UN. This
person handles all staff members and arranges the Model UNs human
resources to ensure the needs of all delegates and of the organizing team
is cared for.

II. The Dais

Directors
The Directors are to oversee all resolutions in their respective committees
and they are tasked to ensure all resolution formats and processes are
properly carried out by the committee. Directors are assigned by the
Secretariat.

Chairs
The Chair facilitates the meeting of the delegates. The Chair must be
substantially knowledgeable of the Model UN Rules of Procedure and must
ensure the General Debate of the simulation is carried out lively and
thoroughly. This position will be applied for and will be screened by the
Secretariat and of the Directors.

Rapporteurs
The Rapporteur is entrusted to keep all attendances, records, motions,
speakers list and documents of a committee. The Rapporteur is also tasked
communicate with their respective director and the rest of the members of the
dais.

III. Members of the Staff

Members of the staff are composed of specialized roles in the Model UN.
They are the people behind the effectiveness of simulation and ensures that
all needs of the Delegates, the Dais, and of the Secretariat are taken cared of.
The Members of the Staff is headed by the Chief of Staff except for the
Communications Staff.

Staff (Simulation Proper)

All staff members are tasked to provide support to all needs of the Secretariat,
the dais and of the delegates. Staff members may be assigned to different
committees and other specialized assignments deemed necessary for the
simulation.

Researchers
They are composed of at least 2 individuals per committee and/or subject
depending on the need of the simulation. They are tasked to research on the
committee history and committee topic in the simulation.

Communications and Publications

These individuals are tasked to promote, advertise, and communicate the
transactions of the Model UN. This pool is headed by the Deputy SecretaryGeneral.

Secretary-General

Deputy- Secretary
General

Director General

Director

Chief-of-Staff

Simulation Proper
Staff

Chair

Research Staff

Rapporteur

Communications
and Publications
Staff

Source: Conference Roles and Responsibilities. (2015, January 1). Retrieved February 25, 2015,
http://www.unausa.org/global-classrooms-model-un/model-un-conferences/conference-staffing/conferenceroles-and-responsibilities

BY. DEPUTY SECRETARY- GENERAL

CHARMAINE RAMOS

THE DAIS

Chair: Neelesh Sajnani

Director: Shenna Sunico
Rapporteur: Christopher Cervales

10

I.

SOLVING THE CRISIS SITUATION IN IRAQ AND SYRIA

The global community has been gradually alarmed as it is faced with one of its greatest
threat. The actions of the terrorist groups in Iraq and Syria, one of which is the Islamic State of Iraq
and Syria (ISIS), has escalated vastly. Given its recent activities, the UN Independent International
Commission of Inquiry on Syria concludes that the ISIS has committed war crimes and crimes
against humanity (OHCHR, 2015). Its emergence and proliferation can be attributed, but not limited,
to three factors: (1) the political unrest in Syria to which its own government is murdering its own
citizens; (2) the unstable government of Iraq is attributable to the post- 2003 political system of Iraq;
and (3) the democratization of violence.
As the ruling party, the Baath Party has effectively integrated itself in every aspect of the
Syrian Political Life by amending the Syrian Constitution to make the Party the leader of the state
and society of the Syrian Arab Republic (BBC, 2012). Every distinct and powerful position in the
government and society has been reserved to the Baath Party and the Assad clan (BBC, 2012).
There are three key opposition actors which are party to the conflict. (a) the National Coordination
Committee (NCC) which is a coalition of opposition groups based in Damascus, (b) Syrian National
Council (SNC) which is an opposition group that wants to overthrow the Assad regime, and (c) the
Syrian Opposition Coalition (SOC) which is the recognized representative of the Syrian People.
Albeit, despite their request for internationally maintained safe zone, the SNC shares the same
sentiment of denying foreign military intervention with NCC and SOC (NCCA, 2014). As a response
to the opposition, the Syrian government decided to use chemical weapons against its own
citizens. There are various actors that are parties to the conflict other than the Assad regime and
the opposition; such as the ISIS, a terrorist group, and other supporting states such as Iran and
Russia (Security Council Report, 2015). They may not be key players in the conflict however they
are vital supporters of the Syrian government which in such way makes the political landscape of
the conflict not binary but fragmented. Meanwhile in Iraq, prior to its 2003 political system (Saddam
Husseins regime) the Sunnis despite being a minority were powerful and influential. However post2003, the current regime under Maliki, the majority which are the Shias made policies against the
Sunnis which aggravated them (The Guardian, 2014). Accordingly, the governments of Syria and
Iraq were weak which is why it was easily penetrated. Also, the minority in their society were
discontent which made them an easier target for the ISIS.
The Middle eastern politics exhibits a criss-cross of alliance[1] that paves way to the
emergence and impact of non-state actors into the international system (The Guardian, 2014). This
issue implies that not only State actors can acquire such weapons, but also non-State actors. This
alliance also shows the struggle for and balance of power, and the pursuance of their national
interest by supporting other State & non-State actors. The increasing violent activities of the ISIS
towards the community have escalated tremendously. The ISIS does not only concern its region,
but the whole international fora.

11

The ISIS upgraded its revenue strategy from extortion and robbery to large-scale terrorist
attacks and capturing of territories (CNN, 2015). This act in itself is a defiance to
acknowledge international borders. To aggravate this situation further, the ISIS has
committed serious and grave crimes towards innocent citizens of various countries.
In lieu, the Security Council adopted the Resolution 2118 (2013) which condemns
the use of chemical weapons, legally binds and obliges the Syrian government to destroy
this weapons, and allows UN an unhindered access to monitor and verify the destruction of
the chemical weapon (UN Security Council, destruction of the chemical weapons should be
finished by summer 2015 (Security Council Report, 2014). The extreme violence by the
government and the destruction brought upon by the war have caused havoc in Syria that
led to intense poverty and destructive environment that forces the civilian to leave and find
refuge in different places. Thus, the SC Resolution 2191 extends the SC Resolution 2165
until 10 January 2016 which calls for the facilitation of the humanitarian access by all parties
to the conflict and condemns the violence regardless where it amplified (Security Council
Report, 2015). According to the estimate of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the ISIS
holds 20,000 to 31,500 fighters across Iraq and Syria. Given its increasing supporters and
violence, the SC unanimously adopts resolution 2170 which condemns recruitment and the
gross and systematic human rights violations made by the ISIS (UN, 2014). Despite several
adoptions of resolutions addressing to these issues, the ISIS continues to commit terrorist
actions which now seems to be more directed to certain countries (CNN, 2015).

II.

STRENGTHENING SECURITY TOWARDS

ISSUES ON WIDESPREAD PANDEMIC

Apropos to the statement of Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health
Organization, there is no such thing as a localized outbreak. An outbreak in one country
one day can very rapidly become a problem for countries on the other side of the world
(BMJ, 2005). Despite its lack of definition/description, the medical community recognizes
pandemic as a type of virus that is highly contagious and easily transported via human
interaction which causes spikes up mortality rate (WHO, 2005). The most devastating case
of pandemic ever recorded was case of the Spanish Flu. Besides the 50 million fatalities
(worldwide), this influenza pandemic of 1918, caused a security, political, social, and
economical instability to the affected States (Kamradt-Scott & McInnes, 2012). For this very
reason, pandemic influenza is feared by various experts from the medical to the political
field; it is then recognized that a pandemic as a non-traditional security issue has posed a
threat all around the globe.
As a response to these threats, the World Health Organization (WHO) was created
as a health organization that will initiate an influenza research and surveillance center in
London (Kamradt-Scott & McInnes, 2012). As of this date, WHO comprises of 194 Member
States and 135 public and private research institutions around the world (WHO, 2015).

12

As a response to the aftermath of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

(SARS), the WHO South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO and the Western Pacific
Regional Office (WPRO) developed the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases
(APSED) framework to create a collective response against widespread pandemics.
APSED was adopted in 2005 with the purpose of the effective implementation of the
International Health Regulations within their region (Davies, 2013). The IHR is an
international legal instrument that is binding to 196 countries which aims to, as stated in
Article 2 of the IHR, to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health
response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with
and restricted to public health risks (IHR, 2005). As compliance to the agreement of
the international community to create a new United Nations office that will solely focus
on the effective coordination on the global efforts against influenza, the United Nations
System Influenza Coordination (UNSIC) has been created (Kamradt-Scott & McInnes,
2012).
As an existential threat that currently presses danger to humanity, securitizing
actors such as International Organizations (e.g. WHO), States, and the media urges the
need for cooperation to increase awareness and alleviate the spread of the disease.
Evidently, there is a need to carry this message across the globe in the efforts to
protect and secure humankind to this ongoing threat.
SOURCES:
The ISIS Fast Facts. (2015, February 16). CNN. Retrieved February 10, 2015, from
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/08/world/isis-fast-facts/
A Guide to Middle East Politics in 2014. (2014, August 4). Retrieved February 22, 2015, from
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/-sp-middle-east-politics-2014-egypt-syria-palestine-iraq-gaza
Security Council Adopts Resolution 2170 (2014) Condemning Gross, Widespread Abuse of Human Rights by
Extremist Groups in Iraq, Syria. (2015, August 15). United Nations. Retrieved February 9, 2015, from
http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11520.doc.htm
Syria: Chronology of Events. (2015, February 6). Security Council Report. Retrieved February 10, 2015, from
http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/chronology/syria.php
UN Security Council Report, Statement by the President of the Security Council (S/PRST/2013/15), 2013.
National Collegiate Conference Association, Security Council Background 2014, 2013, p. 13-14
Profile: Syria's ruling Baath Party. (2012, July 9). BBC. Retrieved February 8, 2015, from
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18582755
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. (2015, January 1). Retrieved
February 22, 2015, from
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/IICISyria/Pages/IndependentInternationalCommission.aspx
Ress, P. (2005). Health assembly adopts new regulations for tackling emergencies. BMJ, 330(7502), 1230-1230.
Retrieved February 9, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558127/
WHO checklist for influenza pandemic preparedness planning. (2005). EPIDEMIC ALERT & RESPONSE,
(WHO/CDS/CSR/GIP/2005.4). Retrieved February 9, 2015, from
http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/documents/FluCheck6web.pdf
Kamradt-Scott, A., & McInnes, C. (2012). The framing of pandemic influenza as a security threat and its impact on
public policy. European Research Council. Retrieved February 10, 2015, from
http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/11130/kamradt_scott_mcinnes_pre_print.pdf?sequence
=1
Revision of the International Health Regulations. (2005). WHA58.3. Extracted from World Health Assembly 58
(2005) Official Records.
Countries. (2015). Retrieved February 9, 2015, from http://www.who.int/countries/en/
Davies, S. (2013, August). National Security and Pandemics. UN Chronicles, 2-2.

13

BY.
VICTORIA CHANG
HEAD, RESEARCH STAFF
CHRISTIANNE DE VERA
RESEARCH STAFF

THE DAIS

Chair: Patrick Kahn

Director: Lois Nacario
Rapporteur: Illiana Tan

14

I.

Addressing Climate Change and the Promotion of Sustainable Development as its

Nexus

According to the Plan of Action on the much recently concluded United Nations Student
Leadership Conference held in New York, the existential threat of climate change to the
environment and society, in general, is very imminent. The perambulatory phrases include the
recognition of an increase in waste production amongst countries which then result to an increase
in pollutants which severely damage the environment. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon stated
that Climate change is the defining challenge of our time.
It is very clear and evident that there is a significant human contribution on the changes
within the environment. The increase in greenhouse gas concentrations contribute to the
noticeable warming of the climate system which amounts to the melting of ice caps which in turn,
results to the rising of the sea level (IPPC, 2008).
Much recently, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on
all continents and across the oceans. Impacts are due to observed climate change, irrespective of
its cause, indicating the sensitivity of natural and human systems to changing climate. Continued
emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all
components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible
impacts for people and ecosystems. Limiting climate change would require substantial and
sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions which, together with adaptation, can limit
climate change risks. Adaptation and mitigation are complementary strategies for reducing and
managing the risks of climate change. Substantial emissions reductions over the next few decades
can reduce climate risks in the 21st century and beyond, increase prospects for effective
adaptation, reduce the costs and challenges of mitigation in the longer term, and contribute to
climate-resilient pathways for sustainable development.
As large organizations are one of the largest pollutants in society, much emphasis has been put in
the involvement of corporations as major actors in the achievement of a better environmental
situation, as well. Large functioning organizations such as the World Wide Fund (WWF) advocate
to stop the degradation of the planets natural environment and to build a future in which humans
live in harmony with nature by: conserving the worlds biological biodiversity, ensuring that the use
of renewable natural resources is sustainable and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful
consumption (Federigan. 2015). The WWF has plans for 2050 where it focuses on the biodiversity.
The most outstanding natural places on Earth will be conserved and managed as for resources to
return to sustainable levels. For this goal to be put to fruition, the organization has targeted that
decline in biodiversity has to stop by 2020.
II.

Addressing the issues on Cyber Crime and Cyber Warfare

It is undeniably apparent that the world is dependent on the convenience of technology. This
is true, especially with the continued use and development of information communication
technology (ICT) which, is quickly becoming part and parcel to our existence (UN, 2011). With this
in mind, it is also undeniable that the convenience provided to us by these technologies allow
people and groups of people to use this to their advantage.

15

Several nations now include cyber warfare in their military agenda (Lewis, 2011). Cyber
warfare is heavily reliant on gathering information as well as protecting computer data bases. It
has become inevitable to discuss this issue in the world. In fact, ICTs allow for easier recruitment
to private armies and terrorist groups, as well as the ease of transferring funds as demonstrated
by the increase of ISIS military capabilities.
This becomes an alarming problem for all states because the welfare of their people
depends on their ability to respond to these threats and protect citizen privacy but more
importantly, protect government data.
In response to the threat this poses on security the General Assembly resolution 65/230
has been created to allow a group of experts to study comprehensively the impacts of cyber
crime (UNODC, 2013). This has been followed up by the resolution 67/189, where the General
Assembly had urged the expert group to complete their findings and refine them so that they may
present it to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNODC, 2013). The
UNODC has also been actively supporting this endeavor so that they may also breakdown the
issues.
The study yielded by the expert group has classified several sub-categories for
cybercrime. These are the tweleve sub-topics presented: (1) Phenomenon of cybercrime; (2)
Statistical information; (3) Challenges of cybercrime; (4) Common approaches to legislation; (5)
Criminalization; (6) Procedural powers; (7) International cooperation; (8) Electronic evidence; (9)
Roles and responsibilities of service providers and the private sector; (10) Crime prevention and
criminal justice capabilities and other responses to cybercrime; (11) International organizations;
and (12) Technical assistance (UNDOC, 2013).
SOURCES:
Lewis, J., & Timlin, K. (2011,). Cybersecurity and Cyberwarfare Preliminary Assessment of National Doctrine and
Organization. Retrieved February 18, 2015, from http://unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/cybersecurity-and-cyberwarfarepreliminary-assessment-of-national-doctrine-and-organization-380.pdf
UN. (2011). Cybersecurity: A global issue demanding a global approach | UN DESA | United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs. Retrieved February 10, 2015, from
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/ecosoc/cybersecurity-demands-global-approach.html
UNODC. (2013,). Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime. Retrieved February 18, 2015, from
http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/UNODC_CCPCJ_EG.4_2013/CYBERCRIME_STUDY_210213.pdf

16

BY. BRIX REYES

PROJECT SUPERVISOR
INTERNATIONAL LAW SOCIETY

THE DAIS

Chair: Alex Bangcola

Director: Karren Delgado
Rapporteur: Larah Regis

17

I.

Human Rights Violations in Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea

The Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea is considered one of the most isolated
countries on Earth. As of 2014, there are 24.9 million people in the country who live under a dictatorship
running the juche system (World Bank, 2014). According to juche as interpreted by the DPRK, yielding
to foreign pressure or tolerating foreign intervention would make it impossible to maintain chaju, or the
defense of national independence and sovereignty. This in turn would threaten the nations ability to
defend the interests of the people, since political independence is seen as being absolutely critical for
economic self-sustenance and military self-defense (Lee, 2003). However, this principle of self-reliance
has led to its denizens suffering as a result.
North Korea has long been regarded as having one of the worlds worst human rights records,
with the most glaring instances being the states political detention camps. Showing the extent of the
problem, a 2010 report indicated that North Korea currently holds some 200,000 political prisoners in six
large camps across the country (Rhee, 2011). Numerous types of crimes against humanity are
committed inside North Koreas political prison camps. Under Article 7(1) of the ICC, (a) murder, (b)
extermination, (c) enslavement, (f) torture, (g) rape, sexual slavery, (k) other inhumane acts of a similar
character intentionally causing great suffering or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health,
(h) persecution against any identifiable group or collectively on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural,
religious, gender etc., and (i) enforced disappearance of persons are all crimes within the courts
jurisdiction. Each of these crimes is frequently committed in North Korean detention camps (Rhee,
2011). Crimes against humanity are also frequently committed during sentencing and deportation
procedures. Under Article 7(1) of the ICC, (d) deportation or forcible transfer of populations, (e)
imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of
international law and (i) enforced disappearance of persons are considered crimes against humanity.
Each one has been committed against political prisoners during the deportation process to North
Koreas detention camps.
North Korea also has bouts with its food shortages thus causing mass starvation amongst its
people. Shortages of crucial agricultural inputs such as fertilizer are setting the stage for continuing food
problems and the regimes response to the crisis is once again revealing a deep ambivalence on its part
toward economic reform and opening. (Haggard, Noland, & Weeks, 2008). Moreover, the public
distribution system (PDS) of the regime has been weak since the regimes controls on market activity
and border trade have worsened the food crisis. Cooperative farms are experiencing severe distress.
As a result, the government is experiencing difficulty securing grain and supplying the PDS and the
military with food. The government has shown an ongoing ambivalence with respect to the emergence
of markets, undercutting important access to livelihoods and food. The regime has also cracked down
on movement across the border, which not only is interrupting migration but also appears to be
interrupting much-needed commercial activities.
Indeed, all these issues serve to raise concern amongst the international community. North
Korea is still stuck in the communist framework in the post-Cold War era which has failed its people.
The hermit state, coupled with its nuclear threats towards the outside world, should thus answer for its
human rights violations for the benefit of its people and the world as a whole.
II. Human Rights Violations in Syria & Iraq
In recent years, the Islamic State of Syria (ISI) has caused many human rights violations in the
Middle East region. Its origins lie in the establishment of Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) by Abu Musab Al
Zarqawi in 2004.

18

After merging with other Iraqi jihadist groups in 2006, AQI rebranded itself as the Islamic State of
Iraq (ISI). Although degraded by the 2006 - 2011 US counterterrorism campaign in Iraq, the group took
advantage of the instability in the region to further recruit and mobilise, a process that accelerated with
the outbreak of the Syrian conflict. In 2011, ISI members joined local radical militants in Syria as part of
the Al Qaeda-affiliated Jabhat Al-Nusra armed group to fight against Government forces. Prioritising the
construction of a state over fighting the Syrian Government, ISIS consolidated its authority by stifling
dissent and targeting local community leaders, other armed group commanders, and activists. This
triggered mounting resentment, which led to armed confrontations with other major armed groups in
early 2014. (Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, 2014).
As of 30 August 2014, almost 1.8 million persons have been displaced within Iraq 50 per cent
(862,458) are in KR-I; 343,284 in Anbar; and 503,436 in other areas of Iraq (Human Rights Office of the
High Commissioner of Human Rights, 2014). In areas under its control, ISIL perpetrated widespread,
systematic attacks against civilians, and implemented policies that fundamentally violated their rights.
These acts have been committed as part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian
population in Aleppo, Ar-Raqqah, Al-Hasakah and Dayr Az-Zawr governorates. Among the victims were
Sunni Muslims who refused to pledge allegiance to ISIL or to live by its rules, captured members of ISF
or government employees or persons known to be associated with the Government, prisoners or
detainees from Shia and other ethnic and religious communities, IDPs fleeing the conflict, and members
of diverse ethnic and religious communities. These human rights violations include: Executions/targeting
killings and enforced disappearance, Executions following illegal/irregular/unlawful courts, in disrespect
of due process and fair trial standards, Enforced disappearance and killings of members of ISF and
Police, and those associated with them, Killing of community and religious leaders and other civilians,
and Abductions of community and religious leaders and others. Among the range of fundamental rights
not respected by ISIL and associated armed groups are the rights to freedoms of religious belief,
expression, and assembly and association. ISIL has imposed severe restrictions on the right to freedom
of movement, particularly on women. It has imposed unlawful trials in areas under its control that do not
respect due process or fair trial standards of those brought before them, and breaches in particular the
rights and protections required for children.
There were also violations committed by the Government of Iraq security forces and associated
forces (Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, 2014). Civilian casualties were
perpetuated by air strikes and shelling as well as excessive use of force. Even unknown perpetrators
decimated civilian life in the region with assassinations & killings and bombings of civilians & civilian
infrastructure. The continued warfare in the Middle East region has led to the deprivation of human rights
in the hands of the all parties involved.
Sources:
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. (2014). Rule of Terror: Living under ISIS in Syria . New
York: United Nations.
Haggard, S., Noland, M., & Weeks, E. (2008). North Korea on the Precipice of Famine. Peterson Institution for International Economics
Policy Brief, 1-14.
Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights. (2014). Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in
Iraq: 6 July 10 September 2014. New York: United Nations Commission on Human Rights.
Lee, G. (2003). The Political Philosophy of Juche. Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 105-112.
Rhee, Y. (2011). North Korea and Crimes against Humanity: A Responsibility to Protect Perspective. The Korean Journal of
International Studies , 97-118.

19

BY. DIRECTOR GENERAL SEAN AJIHIL

THE DAIS

Chair: Eric Rosales

Director: Steph Jarigue
Rapporteur: Irish Alog

20

I. Combating Ebola and Other Contagious Diseases

The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness, which is often fatal if untreated. Ebola virus
disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other
in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from
which the disease takes its name.
The current outbreak in West Africa, (first cases notified in March 2014), is the largest and most
complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. There have been more
cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined. It has also spread between countries
starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, by air (1 traveller
only) to Nigeria, and by land (1 traveller) to Senegal.
The most severely affected countries; Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have very weak health
systems, lacking human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods
of conflict and instability. On August 8, the WHO Director-General declared this outbreak a Public
Health Emergency of International Concern.
A separate, unrelated Ebola outbreak began in Boende, Equateur, an isolated part of the
Democratic Republic of Congo.
It is thought that fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural Ebola virus hosts. Ebola is
introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other
bodily fluids of infected animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and
porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.
Ebola then spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken
skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people,
and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids. (WHO, 2014)

II.

Post-War Economic Rejuvenation

The experience of recent years has also led the United Nations to focus as never before on
peacebuilding efforts to reduce a country's risk of lapsing or relapsing into conflict by strengthening
national capacities for conflict management, and to lay the foundations for sustainable peace and
development.
Building lasting peace in war-torn societies is among the most daunting of challenges for global
peace and security. Peacebuilding requires sustained international support for national efforts across
the broadest range of activities monitoring ceasefires; demobilizing and reintegrating combatants;
assisting the return of refugees and displaced persons; helping organize and monitor elections of a new
government; supporting justice and security sector reform; enhancing human rights protections and
fostering reconciliation after past atrocities. The United Nations has been at the center of expanding

21

International peacebuilding efforts, from the verification of peace agreements in southern Africa,
Central America and Cambodia in the 1990s, to subsequent efforts to consolidate peace and
strengthen states in the Balkans, Timor-Leste, and West Africa, to contemporary operations in
Afghanistan, Haiti and Sudan.
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) has played an avant-garde role in
developing mechanisms to respond to the problems facing by countries emerging from conflict
and thus helping to prevent the deterioration of human security.
In 2002, the Council established the ECOSOC Ad Hoc Advisory Groups to help define
long-term programmes of support for countries emerging from conflict and created two groups
on Guinea-Bissau (created in October 2002) and on Burundi(created in July 2003). While the
mandates of the two Groups have been terminated as the peacebuilding challenges of these
countries are now being addressed by the Peacebuilding commission (PBC), the Council retains
its role in providing advice to Haiti on a long-term development strategy to promote socioeconomic recovery and stability through the Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Haiti. The first Advisory
Group on Haiti was created in response to a request by the Security Council, using Article 65 of
the United Nations Charter to request advice from ECOSOC.
The Council also recently discussed the role of the United Nations and the international
community in supporting capacity of South Sudan. In its resolution 2011/43, the Council invites,
in particular, the governing of the United Nations funds and programmes to pay particular
attention to the situation in South Sudan and to the coordination of their activities in the country.
In this context, ECOSOC requested the Secretary-General to report to the Council, at its
substantive session of 2012, on how the United Nations development system is implementing
integrated, coherent and coordinated support to South Sudan, consistent with national priorities.
(ECOSOC, 2014)
Source:
Economic and Social Council. (2014). Peacebuilding and Post-Conflict Recovery [Data file]. Retrieved from
http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/peacebuilding.shtml
World Health Organization. (2014). Ebola Virus Disease [Data file]. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/

22

BY.
ERIN VALERIO
PRESIDENT
EUROPEAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION

THE DAIS

Chair: Jake Manalaysay

Director: Binky Suarez
Rapporteur: Steffi Hinlo

23

I.

Promoting LGBTI rights in the European Union

The European Union is known to promote lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and
intersex (LGBTI) rights in the region. The EU solidified their stance against the discrimination of
sexual orientation by establishing EU laws and policies for equality and non-discrimination, which
are included in the provisions of Articles 10 and 19 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the
European Union. The Union focuses on eliminating discriminatory policies in their member
states, combating violence against LGBTI persons, ensuring equality in health, education, and
employment, and supporting human rights defenders (European Union External Action, n.d.).
Although the EU is known as a world-leader in respecting and protecting LGBTI rights, its
member states have adopted different measures with regards to this. EU Member States have
agreed that homosexuality is legal and discrimination in employment has been banned since the
2000s. However, the situation still differs in each country. Member States have different
approaches when it comes to same-sex civil union, marriage, adoption, and hate/crime speech
laws, in particular (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) Europe, May 2013). Additionally, the progression of the legal situation of the LGBTQI community
in Europe, more particularly of the EU member states, is complex and varies immensely from
each other. As of ILGA-Europes May 2013 report, the progression of EU member states
estimates from around 77% to as low as 10% (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and
Intersex Association (ILGA) - Europe, 2013). Although the European Union leads a campaign
against LGBTI discrimination both inside and outside the region, it needs improvement on
internal matters, such as addressing the more specific needs/concerns of the LGBTI community.

II. European Intellectual Property Rights

Human beings constantly create various unique and innovative ideas. No matter how big
or small the idea is, people want to protect their own idea to have their own hold and ownership
to it. Intellectual property rights are used as a tool to protect these great ideas. These rights are
used more for establishing legal claim of ideas that can contribute to businesses and to the
economy of a state or a region. There are 3 subcategories of intellectual property. These are the
industrial property (patents, trademarks, industrial designs, etc.), artistic work protected by
copyright (music, television, databases, etc.) and commercial strategies (trade secrets,
confidentiality agreements, etc.). The intellectual properties are protected by intellectual property
rights that are enumerated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (Europa
Summaries of Legislation, n.d.).

24

The European Union gives importance to the protection of intellectual property since it is a
crucial matter to fuel innovation and to compete in the competitive global economy. In order to
promote the competitiveness of the European industry and achieve a better enforcement of
intellectual property rights, the European Union entered multilateral and bilateral agreements which
targets intellectual property rights and has two bodies (Office for Harmonization in the internal
Market and second body is the European Patent Office) to protect these rights (Your Europe, 2014).
These rights not only prevent exploitation of the property but also prevent piracy, illegal trade and
counterfeiting.

Sources

Europa Summaries of Legislation. (n.d.). Intellectual Property. Retrieved last 10 January 2015 from
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/internal_market/businesses/intellectual_property/index_en.htm
European Union External Action. (n.d.) Promoting and protecting the rights of LGBTI persons. Retrieved last 10 January 2015
from http://eeas.europa.eu/human_rights/lgbt/index_en.htm
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) -Europe. (2013). Rainbow Europe. Retrieved last
10 January 2015 from http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/publications/reports_and_other_materials/rainbow_europe
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) -Europe. (May 2013). ILGA-Europe Rainbow
Map (Index). Retrieved last 10 January 2015 from http://www.ilga-europe.org/rainboweurope
Your
Europe.
(2014).
Intellectual
Property
Rights.
Retrieved
last
10
January
2015
from
http://europa.eu/youreurope/business/start-grow/intellectual-property-rights/index_en.htm

25

MOTIONS AND RULES OF

PROCEDURE
BY .

S ECRETARY -G ENERAL J OHN C ARLO P AJO

Main Motions
Motion

Purpose

Debate

Vote

Description

Set the Agenda

Arrange the
topics

None

Simple
Majority

Arranging of the topics

in a committee

Set the
Speakers Time

Set Time

1 pro /
1 con

Simple
Majority

This limits the

delegates to speak
upon the body

To be Part/
Included to the
Speakers List

Delegate is to be
listed on the
speakers list

None

None

Delegate is added in
the list of speakers on
the floor

Open the
Speakers List

The body allows

the delegates to
speak which they
are arranged
accordingly

None

None

The speakers are

arranged accordingly
with the discretion of
the dais

Close the
Speakers List

The body will not

allow delegates
to speak in the
General Debate

1 pro /
1 con

None

This closes the adding

on of delegates to
become part of the list

Move to
General
Debate

Main Motion can

be used in this
segment of the
session flow

1 pro /
1 con

Simple
Majority

This motion allows the

body to go back to the
General Debate

Motion for a
moderated
caucus

To strictly
facilitate the
discussion of the
body

None

Simple
Majority

This allows the Chair

to recognize speakers
and discuss their
points. Delegates
should notify the chair
in order for them to
speak

Motion for an
unmoderated

To allow the
body to discuss

None

Simple
Majority

This allows the body to

engage in lobbying

26

caucus

the matters freely

Move to
Substantive
Debate

Allows the body

to see, revise,
adopt, amend all
adopted working
papers

1 pro /
1 con

Simple
Majority

This allows the body to

amend the adopted
papers authored by
several delegates

To Proceed to
Voting Bloc

Voting of the
adopted working
papers

None

Simple
Majority

Considered as the
most sacred event in
the Model UN.

Incidental Motions
Motion

Purpose

Debate

Vote

Description

Point of Order

To correct an error
in procedure

None

None

A correction to the
procedure done by
the Chair

Appeal

To challenge the
decision of the Dais

None

Majority
Vote

To consider
another motion; to
recount the votes
in a procedure

Vote by Raising
of Placards

To vote substantially
by raising of
placards

None

None

Voting procedure

Vote by Standing
Counted Vote

To vote substantially
by standing

None

None

Voting procedure

Vote by Roll Call

To vote substantially
by roll call
alphabetically

None

None

Voting procedure

Parliamentary
Inquiry

To inquire the
procedure to be
used or to ask a
question to the chair
regarding the
procedure

None

None

A way to inquire to
the Chair about
the procedure

Point of
Information

To correct another
delegate about a
certain information

None

None

A way to inform
another delegate
about certain
information. This
is not to be used a

27

form of debate.
Division of
Question

It is to consider
clause(s) separately
from the rest of the
draft resolution
1. Vote upon
this motion if
this should be
considered
2. The
Substantive
vote vote to
accept or
reject
separation of
clause(s)

None

Majority
Vote

It is voted on in
order of most to
least radical
change
If it passes:
clause(s) removed
and voted on
separately
The clause(s)
removed out;
voted on as an
annex to the
original draft
resolution
If it passes: it
becomes an
annex
If it fails: the
clause(s)
discarded and no
longer part of any
draft resolution

Suspend the
Rules of
Procedure/
Parliamentary
Procedures

Recess of the
meeting for a
specific period

None

None

Used by the
delegates to enter
a caucus or to
enter into recess

Point of Inquiry

To inquire a
particular topic or to
ask a question to the
speaker

None

None

It is used for the

delegate to ask a
question about his
statement or
speech.

Note: Main motions which requires a debate shall have one delegate for and one
delegate against the said motion. Simple Majority entails 50 % + 1 vote. Majority
vote require a majority number of votes.
Subsidiary
Motion

Purpose

Debate

Vote

Description

Amend

To modify the
previous motion

1 pro /
1 con

None

To be used to modify
another motion

28

Postpone
Indefinitely

To set aside a
certain issue

1 pro /
1 con

Majority
Vote

To kill a main motion

without having a direct
vote on it

Postpone
Definitely

To set aside a
certain issue until a
specific time is
reached

1 pro /
1 con

Majority
Vote

To delay a main
motion

Commit
Refer

To refer another
motion to another
committee

1 pro /
1 con

Simple
Majority

Allows the delegates to

refer a certain issue to
another committee

Adopt by
Acclimation

To vote speedily

1 pro /
1 con

2/3 Vote

If one voted against via

adoption of the motion
by acclimation, it is
disregarded

Vote not to
Vote

To abstain to a vote

1 pro /
1 con

2/3 Vote

This allows the whole

body to abstain a vote
on a certain issue

Lay on the
Table

To temporarily set
aside a pending
motion to take care
of something urgent

1 pro /
1 con

Majority
Vote

This allows the

delegates to change a
topic/ agenda to be
change due to great
importance to the body

Previous
Question

To end the General

Debate and move
towards the
Substantive Debate

1 pro /
1 con

Majority
Vote

It automatically move
the body to a
substantive debate for
the purposes of
criticizing adopted
papers

Privilege
Motion

Purpose

Debate Vote

Description

Adjourn

To end the meeting

None

2/3 Vote

Only to be used on the

final day of the session;
ends the session of the
year

Recess

To enter into a
break, similar to
suspend the

None

Simple
Majority

Similar to suspend the

parliamentary procedure

29

parliamentary
procedure
Personal
Privilege

To allow his or
herself to use his
privilege

None

None

To be used by delegates
to do their personal
business; delegates may
not need to say this
motion, just send a not to
the dais

Raise a
Question
of Privilege

To ask on the
usage of personal
privilege

None

Majority
Vote

Due to the description on

the personal privilege,
this motion should not be
used unless it is of great
importance

Call for the

Orders of
the Day

To clarify all events

that has happened
in the previous
session

None

2/3 Vote

This allows the

rapporteur to enumerate
the events of which
happened previously

Note: Subsidiary motions which requires a debate shall have one delegate for and
one delegate against the said motion. Simple Majority entails 50 % + 1 vote.
Majority vote require a majority number of votes.
* This rules of procedure of the DLSMUN follows the NMUN rules of procedure.
Source: NMUN Rules of Procedure. (2015, January 1). Retrieved February 25, 2015, from
http://www.nmun.org/downloads/prep_guide_pdfs/Rules of Procedure.pdf

30

PREAMBULATORY CLAUSE

OPERATIVE CLAUSE

Resolution Writing - Model United Nations. (2015, January 1). Retrieved February 26, 2015,
from http://www.uw-mun.org/delegate-resources/resolution-writing

31

DEADLINE: 3 March 2015 11:59pm

BY. THE DAIS

FORMAT
Font: Times New Roman
Size: 10
Text Alignment: Justified
Spacing: Single space
Margins: 1 inch
1 page policy paper
[country]

[committee]

I.
Agenda 1
(insert text. Format: TNR, 10; Justified; Single space; 1 page policy paper)
II.
Agenda 2
(insert text. Format: TNR, 10; Justified; Single space; 1 page policy paper)

SEND TO:
General Assembly: 2nddlsmun.ga@gmail.com
Security Council: 2nddlsmun.sc@gmail.com
Human Rights Council: 2nddlsmun.hrc@gmail.com
Economic and Social Council: 2nddlsmun.ecosoc@gmail.com
Council of Europe: 2nddlsmun.coe@gmail.com
REMINDER:
1. PLEASE BRING A PRINTED COPY ON THE FIRST DAY
2. FAILURE TO SUBMIT ON TIME, MAKES THE DELEGATE INELIGIBLE
TO RECEIVE THE BEST POLICY PAPER AWARD.

32

BY. CREATIVES OFFICER AGATHA SABALA

DRESS CODE POLICY OF DLSU

Photo from http://dlsu-usg.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/DRESSCODE-copy.jpg

33

DLSMUN DRESS CODE POLICY

Delegates must be in Business Attire for the whole duration
of the activity (March 5-7, 2015).
Women are required to
wear a blazer with an
inner top or blouse of
earthly colors (e.g. brown,
white, dark blue, no bright
colors). Women must
also wear either a pencil
skirt (must follow the
dress code policy of
DLSU) or slacks, paired
with closed shoes with at least 1-inch heel.
Men are required to wear a suit, paired with
either slacks or black pants, and leather
shoes

34

DAY 1

TIME
9:00-9:30
9:45-10:00
10:00-10:20
10:20-11:20
11:20-11:50
12:00-1:00
1:15-5:00

ACTIVITY
Entry of delegates
Guest Speaker:
Ms. Emma
Delgado
Introduction of the
Dais and
Secretariat;
GA roll call
Sec-Gen Speech
Lunch
Committee
Session

VENUE
Henry Sy, 5th floor

DAY 2
TIME
9:00-11:30
11:30-1:00
1:20-5:00

ACTIVITY
Committee
Session
Lunch
Committee
Session

VENUE

DAY 3
TIME
9:00-9:20
9:30-9:50
9:50-10:10

ACTIVITY
Closing
Ceremonies and
Awarding
Guest Speaker
Closing Remarks

VENUE
TERESA
YUCHENGCO
AUDITORIUM

35