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VAN DIJK: evolved from Text Grammar to Critical DA. A very important concept for Text
Grammar:*macroestructure. *Coherence: the idea that texts are organized at more global descriptive levels
than that of the sentence. *Strategic understanding: accounts for what the users of language really do when
they understand a given text. + Socio-cultural knowledge+mental models+ideas from pragmatics (TL). He
took interest in the study of power + ideology: places within the DA stream of thought known as Critical DA.
Textuality stage emphasized the global aspects of texts and saw the text as a functional unit, larger than
the sentence. This stage led into the textualization or discourse processing stage where analysts set about
developing process models of the activities of discourse participants in interactive settings and in real time.
.The current aim now in DA is to describe language where it was originally found= in the context of human
interaction (often involves media ).
.Semiotic systems: gesture, dance, song, photography, clothing
*Utterances: units of linguistic production (whether spoken or written) which are inherently contextualized.
DA: sequential syntactic + semantics + pragmatics.
The formal approach: discourse is defined as unit of language beyond the sentence.
2.
Z. HARRIS was the first linguist to use the term DA and he was a formalist. He viewed discourse as the next
level in a hierarchy of morphemes, clauses and sentences.
CHAFE argued that the units used by people in their speech can not always be categorized as sentences.
People produce units that have a semantic and intonational closure, but not necessarily a syntactic one.
*Functionalists +++ purpose and functions of language. The social. Discourse= all-embracing concept.
bodily hexis: the speakers disposition on the way s/he stands, talks, walks