ISSN 1438-5325

Volume 16 (2014), No. 6

November / December

ABSTRACTS
Analysis and Assessment of the Effects of Long-Term Oxygenated Treatment on
1 000 MW Ultra-supercritical Units
Wanqi Huang, Yuzhong Chen, Songyan Cao, Huai-tian Lu, and Weipeng Sun
In this paper the effects of oxygenated treatment (OT) on the boiler feedwater of Unit 2 (a
1 000 MW ultra-supercritical unit) at Huaneng Haimen Power Plant are summarized and
analyzed.
Since OT has been used for the unit, the iron concentration at the economizer inlet and in
the high-pressure heater has decreased to less than 1 g L1, a decrease of more than
80 % of that under all-volatile treatment under oxidizing conditions (AVT(O)); this
effectively inhibits flow-accelerated corrosion in the feedwater and high-pressure heater
drainage systems, reduces the iron transport and lowers the scaling rate in the economizer
and on the water wall. The long-term operating experience shows that OT can not only
slow down the boiler pressure dropping rate and avoid blocking of the drainage water
control valve for the high-pressure heater, but can also increase the periodic water output
of the mixed bed in the condensate polishing system from 80 000 tons to 400 000 tons,
indicating a very considerable energy savings and reduction in consumption, which
significantly improves the safety, reliability and economy of the unit.
PowerPlant Chemistry 2014, 16(6), 336

Changing Stator Cooling Water Chemistry

Matthias Svoboda and Thomas Bauer
Large generators employ direct water cooling to remove heat losses in the stator winding.
This is done by including hollow conductors in the stator bars. To prevent plugging of the
hollow conductors, several regimes for stator cooling water chemistry have been
established. Occasionally it can be beneficial to change from one regime to the other.
However, changing regimes can introduce instability in the copper oxide layers, ultimately
causing plugging of the cooling water channels. Changing a chemical regime requires
thorough planning and can involve major hardware upgrades as well as procedural
changes. It is important to have contingency plans ready if conditions deviate from the
expected during and after the changes to facilitate troubleshooting.
Rewinds require special attention if the current cooling water system is reused. They also
present an opportunity to directly investigate problems within the stator bars and water
boxes.
As recommended by different original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) it might be useful
to chemically clean the entire stator cooling water system to provide a clean system for the

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ISSN 1438-5325
Volume 16 (2014), No. 6
November / December

change. After the change, the system needs increased attention for a few years until it is
certain that conditions are sufficiently stable.
PowerPlant Chemistry 2014, 16(6), 344

Review of Alkaline Treatment for Generator Stator Cooling Water Systems

Robert Svoboda
Alkaline treatment is a proven tool for reducing the occurrence of flow restrictions in
copper hollow conductors caused by oxide deposits. Its action is based on the reduced
solubility of Cu++ in alkaline water. Hydrodynamic parameters like water flow velocity,
turbulences, temperature etc. also play a role. Therefore alkaline treatment is beneficial
but is not the only decisive parameter for avoiding flow restrictions.
However, there are indications that alkaline treatment produces thicker oxide layers than
with neutral water. These oxide layers are nevertheless very thin and are of no concern as
long as they do not migrate, e.g. by variations in the oxygen concentration or by
fluctuations of pH. It is therefore very important to always keep alkaline treatment under
good control. This also includes during shutdown periods.
Alkalization with an injection pump is the simplest and most reliable method. Parallel dual
beds are also used for alkalization, but they need careful expert supervision and follow
some often overlooked rules, especially in regard to proper priming of the alkalization and
a very restricted use of the neutral mixed bed.
PowerPlant Chemistry 2014, 16(6), 352

Film Forming Amines for Closed Cooling/Heating Water Systems

Christophe Fort, Gabriela Stoianovici, Philippe Blriot, Wolfgang Hater, and Jrgen
Matheis
The corrosion inhibition of closed loop cooling water systems is quite a challenging task,
mainly due to very long holding times. As a consequence, any contamination entering the
system will remain and accumulate over time in the water. Besides excellent corrosion
inhibition, the inhibitor should not be harmful to humans or the environment.
This paper presents a new corrosion inhibitor based on film forming amines (FFAs).
Corrosion protection is realized by the adsorption of the film forming amines on metal
surfaces. The corrosion inhibition properties of FFAs have been studied by means of
electrochemical methods and in pilot plants simulating two different scenarios of practical
application.
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ISSN 1438-5325
Volume 16 (2014), No. 6
November / December

As shown in the lab and pilot plant studies, FFA-based corrosion inhibitors provide a very
high level of corrosion protection for carbon steel, yellow metals, and aluminium, meeting
at least the performance of standard corrosion inhibitors based on molybdate or nitrite.
Two field studies on the changeover of the treatment program from molybdate to film
forming amines show a significant improvement in corrosion inhibition as reflected in a
significant reduction in the heavy metal content in the cooling water. As a consequence,
partial or complete flushing of the systems could be sharply reduced, thus leading to
important water savings.
PowerPlant Chemistry 2014, 16(6), 361

Increased Corrosion Product Transport Caused by Cycling Operation

Hayden Henderson
This paper analyses the effect of cycling operation on corrosion product transport. It also
reviews the use of laser nephelometery as a surrogate technique for iron monitoring. The
paper discusses some of the possible reasons for the increased corrosion product
transport seen during cycling operation and suggests future experiments to determine
whether or not the source of corrosion product is active corrosion or benign and where
precisely on the plant corrosion product is coming from.
PowerPlant Chemistry 2014, 16(6), 382

The EPRI Steam Turbine Generator Workshop: Discussions on Alkaline Treatment

Robert Svoboda
A session on experiences with alkaline treatment for stator water cooling systems was part
of the 14th EPRI Steam Turbine Generator Workshop (August 1114, 2014, Chicago, IL,
U.S.A.). The session included seven presentations and a panel discussion. The
presentations are summarized in this contribution.
PowerPlant Chemistry 2014, 16(6), 392

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