Test

1
Title:
Density / Specific gravity of fibres
Description:
Fibre Density can be expressed in three ways for reinforcements. The density of the
material used for the fibre is given as Kg/Cu m. or gramme per cc. The surface density of
mats and cloths is expressed as gramme per sq, m (gsm). The linear density of strands
and rovings is expressed as Tex which is number indicating the weight in gramme of 1
Km long fibre bundle.
The surface area density of fiber can be found out by using the mass and size of the mat.
Density of fibre material = (Mass/ Volume) expressed in grammes/ cu.cm.
Calculate the surface density using the weight and size of the mat. The specimen should
be at least 30 x 30 cm.
At least 3 test specimens should be tested and the average found out.
Test standards :
ISO 3801
Surface density of fabrics size: 30 x 30 cm No. of Spec: 3 Unit: gsm
ISO 1889
ASTM D 3317
gsm
3780 D 1505
DIN 53854
DIN 53830
DIN 10119
Surface density of fabrics size: 30 x 30 cm No. of Spec: 3 Unit:
Surface density of fabrics 30 x 30 cm 3 gsm

Linear Density of yarn
Density of carbon fibre/ Glass fibre 3 g/cm3
NF 130 18892 Linear Density of yarn / Glass fibre Tex

NFT 25-100 Specific gravity of Linear Density of yarn & rovings
NFG 07-150 Surface density of fabrics 30 x 30 cm 3 gsm
Facilities Required:
The facilities required are quite minimal. Scale, knife or scissor to cut the mat and an
electronic balance are essential items for this test.
Facilities in India :
Facilities exists in any Physics laboratory.
2
Title:
Cross Breaking Strength of Fibres
Description:
Preprate the laminate of size 300 mm x 275 mm by using the specimen (mat) and resin.
Then the laminate should be tested in dry and wet condition.
Dry Condition: Test five longitudinal test specimen and five transverse test specimens in
the dry conditions.
Wet conditions: Immerse five longitudinal test specimen and five transverse test
specimens in boiling distilled water for 2 hrs, and cool it in distilled water to room
temperature. Wipe to remove excess water and test immediately
Test standards:
BS 3496-73 Specification for E-glass chopped strand mat for the reinforcement of
polyester resin system size = 100 x 25mm, No. dry 10, wet 10., Unit. N/mm sq
BS 3749-74 Specification for woven roving fabric for the reinforcement of polyester
resin system size = 140 x 25 mm, Sp. No. Warp direction weft-5, Unit. N/mm sq
ASTM Test method for tensile properties of Glass fibre strands, yarns and rovings used
in reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials Unit. N/mm sq
Title:
Loss of Ignition of Fibres
Description:
Heat the specimens (mass B) from the determination of moisture content in a furnace for
not less than 10 minutes at a temperature of 575 +/- 25 deg C. After removal from the
furnace, cool the specimen in a desiceator to room temp. and weigh
Loss of ignition, percent by mass = [(B-C)/B]x 100
B = mass of the oven -dried specimen
C = mass of the specimen after ignition
Test standards:
ISO 1887-80
BS 3691-69 Glass fibre rovings for the reinforcement of polyester and epoxide resin
systems
3496 -73 E-glass fibre chopped strand mat for the reinforcement of polyester resin
systems
ASTM
D 4963-89 Test method for ignition loss of glass strand and fabrics
NF NTF Determination of ignition loss
(All units are in %)
Title:
Moisture content of fibres
Description:
The fibre matrix bond dipends on moisture content. In order to avoid any problems, it is
better to systematically dry all fabrics in an oven before imprignating them with resin.
Drying is carried out for two Hrs. at 105 deg. C in a ventilated oven.
Test standards:
ISO3344-77 Textile glass products-Determination of Moisture content. Specimen: Wt.
atleast 5g. No. of Speci : 3 from each. Unit : %
BS 3691-69 Glass fibre rovings for the reinforcement of polyester and epoxide resin
systems. Specimen : Wt. 2 to 5g. No. of Speci : 3 from each. Unit : %
ASTM D2654-89
NF NFB 38-108 Water content or Moisture ratio of Glass fibre unit: %
NFB 25-403 Water content of fibre in Aramid fibres unit: %
BS 3496-73 Specification for E-glass Fibre strand mat for the reinforcement of Polyester
resin system. Unit : %
5
Title:
Fabric count / Wrap and weft of fibres
Description:
Counting the number of yarns in warp and weft over a specified distance using a suitable
yarn counting device. Measurement shall be taken on areas free from greases or
deformation
The measurement may be taken as follows.
-- either on the entire fabric
-- or on a strip of fabric at least 600 mm wide taken from the entire width of the fabric.
Test standards:
ISO 4602-78 Textile glass-woven fabrics Determination of number of yarns per unit
length of warp and weft Speci. size: Entire Fabric or 600 mm wide and full width Unit.
No. of yarns
7211/2
7211/6
BS 3749-74
ASTM D4029-89 Specifications for finished woven glass fabrics
D3775-85 Test method for fabric count of woven fabric
D1910
DIN 53853
NF NFG07-155 To count yarns or rovings in warp and weft
NFG 07-157 Woven fabrics, mass of warp and weft per unit area
Facilities in India:
Title:
Thickness check of fibre
Description:
Thickness check is carried out with callipers or ruler. This test to be carried out not closer
tohan 300 mm to the beginning or end of the role and not less than 50 mm from the edges
and selvedges.
Test standards:
ISO 4603-78 Textile glass woven fabrics Determination of thickness. No. of Speci: 10,
Unit mm
5084
SO 3616-77
BS 3496-73 E-glass fibre chopped strand mat for the reinforcement of polyester resin
systems Specimen size: 150 mm wide x Full width. No. of Speci: 3, Unit mm
ASTM
D578-899
Specification for Glass fibre strands No. of Speci: 3, Unit mm
D1777-75
D579-89
DIN 53855 T1 and T2
NFG 07-104
NFG 07-153
B38-303 Woven fabrics, Average Thickness glass fibre mat, Average thickness. Unit mm
7
Title:
Handleability, uniformity and wet out time of fibres
Description:
Handling: Unrole a sample of mat into a table so that it lies flat without curling. From
that mat cut a specimen 2 cm in length with a sharp knife or with scissors. Drape the
specimen over the length of 40 cm diameter rod so that approximately 1 cm hanges freely
on either side. The mat should not break when left of the agreed time (eg. 20min) in this
position.
Uniformity: The following property must be satisfide. (i) Uniformity of appearance in
colour and texture (ii) Uniformity of strand distribution.(iii) Uniformity of binder
distribution
Wet out time: Determine the mass of a specimen of mass 300 mm sq. Spread evently 3
times this mass of a general purpose resin over an area of 300 mm sq. in a sheet of release
film. Lay it specimen gently on the resin. Time taken by the resin to penetrate through the
mat to the stage of complete impregnation is wet out time.
Test standards:
ISO 3374-80
systems. Specimen size: 300 mm x 300 mm
ASTM Specification for Greige woven glass fabrics. Specimen size: 300 mm x 300 mm
8
Title:
Mat binder solubility of fibres
Description:
It is possible to do this test either in the resin itself or in other suitable liquids such as
acetone, styrene or a 5% emulation of styrene in water. the mat is tested under stress,
when submerged under liquid the apparatus required consists of a dish loading frame,
clamp, chord, overpully, two cross bars. sufficient of the test liquid is selected to fill the
dish. the specimen of size 300 x 75 is clamped in clamp on both sides. The loading frame
is placed. The time taken by the mass M to fall is noted.
Test standards:
ISO 2558-74
2559 Dissolution of binder in styrene- CSM
systems Specimen size: 300 mm x 75mm. No. of Spec. 3
NF
NFB 38-302 Dissolution time of binder in styreneFacilities Required:
9
Title:
Maximum and minimum resin pick-up of fibres
Description:
According to the application of mat, the user may wish to employ a maximum or
minimum amount of resin in the making of the laminate. 12 specimen of size 300 mm sq.
each are prepared. Weigh 3 of these together. Impregnate the first of the specimen by
applying with the minimum quantity of resin necessary to cover it completely. Place the
second and third specimen and impregnate with the minimum amount of resin weight of
the uncured assembly of mat and resin is calculated.
Resin / Glass ratio. = (M2-M1)/M1, this ratio indicates the maximum or minimum resin
holding capacity of the mat.
Test standards:
polyester resin system size = 300 x 30 mm, No. 12, Unit %
10
Title:
Effect of mat on resin gel time of fibres
Description:
The addition of CSM to resin system can change the gel time of this system. Resin
mixture is prepared to give a convenient gel time at 20 %. Two layers of glass mat are
places in one of the holes of steel plate having 2 holes each 100 mm sq. and impregnate
them with 2.5 times their mass of resin. The other holes is filled with water to the same
level as the first.
The time taken for the resin and for the resin / glass combination to gel is compared.
Test standards:
polyester resin system size = 100 x 100 mm, No., Unit. min
11
Title:
Drape and mouldability of fibres
Description:
This test is designed to establish the ability of the mat, when impregnated with resin to
form around contours, into channel sections and double curvatures. Suitable shapes for
the tests are corrugated sheets, keel sections of boats, shallow curvature items, fluted
dust-bin lids, etc.
Coat the mould with GP resin and lay the specimen over the mould. Using a brush and
more resin, stipple the mat down on to the mould. Note the ease with the mat achieves
full and permanent contact with the mould.
Test standards:
ISO 4900
polyester resin system
NF T5514 Glass fabric mats, SMC, DMC- Mouldability.
12
Title:
Breaking strength (Tensile test) of fibres
Description:
Five specimen of size 150 x 300 mm each are prepared. Place each specimen in the
clamp of a tensile testing machine with a distance of 200 mm between the edges of the
clamps. Speed could be 100 +/- 10 mm per min. Breaking force is recorded. Breaking
strength indicates that the strength of the mat in longitudinal directions.
Test standards:
polyester resin system size= 30 x 150 mm, Sp. No. 5., Unit. N/mm sq
in reinforced plastics
ISO
3341-77 (E) Textile glass-yarns-Determination of breaking force and breaking
elongation
3342-75 (E) Textile glass-Determination of tensile breaking force of mats
unit. N/mm sq
4606-79(E) Textile glass-woven fabric-Determination of breaking force and breaking
elongation by strip method
DIN 53834T1, Part 1
NF ISO 3341 Tensile test on yarns
NF ISO 3342 Tensile test on strand mat
B3203 Glass fibre woven fabrics- Tensile test (Strip Method)
NFG 07- 003 Yarns - Tensile test
T25-101 Carbon fibre yarns rovings- Tensile test
13
Title:
Specific gravity of liquid resin
Description:
Relative density or specific gravity of resin can be found out by Hydrometer method.
Westphal Hydrostatic Balance Method and Relative Density Bottle (or) Pyknometer
Method. But Hydrometer Method is not recommended for material of High Viscosity.
Calculate the weight of the water and resin from that. We can calculate the value of
specific gravity of resin.
Specific gravity of resin = Density of Resin/ Density of water =
Mass of resin or Volume of bottle/ Mass of water or Volume of bottle
where A = Mass of the bottle
B = Mass of the bottle with resin
C = Mass of the bottle with water
Mass of water / Mass of water = (B-A)/ (C-A)
Test standards:
ISO
1675-75 (E) Plastics Liquid resin- Determination of density by Pyknometer method
Spe. Size: 25 ml
BS 3532 Appendix
ASTM
D1475 -74
IS 6746-72 Specification for Unsaturated plastics resin system for low percentage FRP
Speci. Size: 25 ml. , No. of spec:
, Unit: NA
DIN 51757
NF
NF ISO 1676 Liquid resins-Density Pyknometer method
NFT 51-426 Phenolic resin -Density.
14
Title:
Viscosity of liquid resin
Description:
A spindle of cylinder is drawn by a synchronous motor at constant speed in the product
being studied. the resistance exerted by the fluid on the spindles which depends in the
viscosity of the product causes the lightening of a spiral spring which is indicates the
movement of a needle on a dial. Brookfield viscosity is obtained by multiplaying this
value by a coefficient which depends on the speed of rotation and characteristics of
spindle.
Brookfield viscosity = Dial reading X Coefficient.
Test standards:
ISO 2555-74 Resin in the liquid state or emulsions or dispersions -Determination of
Brookfield viscosity Spec. Size: 100 ml.
3219
BS 3900-96 Liquid resins kinematic viscosity
ASTM
D 2393-68 Test method for viscosity of epoxy resins and related components
NF T51-427 Phenolic resin Viscosity
T51-210 Liquid resins- Brookfield viscosity.
T51-211 Liquid resins- kinematic viscosity.
15
Title:
SAG flow of high viscous cast resins
Description:
This method covers the determination of the flow properties of highly viscous materials
and pastes. The test procedure is applicable to mixed and curing systems, as well as to
individual resins and hardens components. Testing of low viscosity materials by the
procedure is severally not practical. Low viscosity materials should be tested in
accordance with method D2393. Formerly under the jurisdiction of committee D20 on
plastics, This method was discontinued in 1988
Test standards:
ASTM
D 2730-80 Test method for sag flow of highly viscous resins
16
Title:
Specific gravity (or) relative density of cast resin
Description:
Density and Relative Density are frequently used to follow the variations of the amount
of material necessary to fill a given volume. Density is a preferred property relating the
mass and volume of an object specimen or material. These properties may also be useful
in determining uniformity among samples or specimens. The density of plastics often
depends on the methods employed in preparing the test specimens.
Specific gravity of specimen = Density of specimen/ Density of water.
Test standards:
ISO 2884
1183-70 (E) Plastics method for determining the density and relative density (Specific
gravity) of plastics, Spec. size: 50 x 50 No. of Spec: 3 Unitless
BS 2782 Method of testing plastics (Density of solid plastics)
Method 509A Spec. size: 50 x 50 No. of Spec: 3 Unitless
ASTM
D792-86 Test methods for specific gravity (relative density and density of plastics by
displacement
Spec. size: 50 x 50 No.of Spec: 3 Unitless
Speci. Size: 50 x 50. , No. of spec: 3, Unit: NA
17
Title:
Curing shrinkage of cast resins
Description:
The total volume shrinkage of a resin compound is defined as the sum of the shrinkage
during curing of the resin compound and the shrinkage of the cured casting during the
cooling from curing temperature down to room temperature
Test standards:
ISO
3521-76(E) Plastics Polyester and epoxy casting resins determination of total volume
shrinkage
2577
BS 2782/6 644A Method of testing plastics
ASTM
D2566-69 Linear shrinkage of cured thermosetting resins during cure
Speci. Size: . , No. of spec: 1 ,
Unit:
DIN 16945
16946
Shrinkage of polyester resins during cure
NF T 51-01 Unsaturated polyester epoxy resins -volume-shrinkage
T51-401 Thermosetting resins Shrinkage and Post shrinkage
18
Title:
Linear shrinkage of cast resins
Description:
The test method covers the measurement of the linear component of the shrinkage of
thermosetting casting system during cure. The chemical reaction that occur when a
thermosetting contraction in volume of the reaction systems gels. The shrinkage
measured in this test is that which occurs after gelation. This shrinkage is the result of
two effects. A change in specific volume change as it cast materials cools from its cure
temperature or from its peek exothermic temperature.
Test standards:
ASTM D 2566-86 Test method of Linear Shrinkage of cured thermosetting Cast Resins
during cure
DIN 16946
19
Title:
This method covers the determination of shrinkage characteristics of various

thermosetting moulded and laminated plastic after explosure to certain prescribed
temperatures. This test is not expected to predict the behaviours of the materials in
service but rather provides a means of classifying plastics with respect to shrinkage in a
relative basis.
Description:
ASTM
D1299-55 Test method for shrinkage of moulded and laminated thermosetting plastics
at elevated temperature
NF T 51-40 Shrinkage of thermosetting moulding materials
Test standards:
20
Title:
Acid value of liquid resin

Description:
A weighted quantity of resin is dissolved in a mixture of solvents and resin solution is
titrated with a standard ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide using a suitable
indicator. The number of milligrams potassium hydroxide used to naturalize lg of resin is
calculated.
Solvent Mixture composed of 2 parts of toluene and 1 part of absolute ethanole. 0.1 N
indicator solution is added with absolute ethanol
Test standards:
ISO 2114-74 (E) Plastic unsaturated polyester resins -Determination of acid value
Spec. Size: 0.5 to 3g, Unit.: MgKOH/g
BS 2782-70
407B Method of testing -Plastics analysis of epoxide and polyester resin-Acid value of
polyester resin
ASTM D1630
1364
Speci. Size: . , No. of spec: ,
Unit:
DIN 53183
53402
NF
T51-511 Unsaturated polyesters Acid value.
21
Title:
Hydroxyl number of liquid resins

Description:
This method determines the difference between the Hydroxyl value and Acid value. It is
therefore necessary to determine the acid value separately in order to calculate the
Hydroxyl value.
The number of milligrams of Potassium Hydroxide necessary to neutralize the acetic acid
which will be determine the acetylation with lg of the unsaturated polyester resin.
Test standards:
ISO 2114-74 (E) Plastic unsaturated polyester resins -Determination of hydroxyl value
Spec. Size:1g, Unit.: MgKOH/g
BS 2782-70
432C
Method of testing -Plastics
ASTM B2223-73
Unit:
DIN 53183
53402
NF
T51-513 Unsaturated polyesters resin Hydroxyl value.
22
Title:
Epoxide value of epoxy resins (of Liquid Resins)

Description:
This is to determine the epoxide equivalent weight of epoxide resin, ie, the mass in grams
of resin that contains one gram equivalent of epoxide group in presence of glacial acetic
acid. Hydrogen bromide reacts quantitatively with the oxygen in the epoxide group. the
resin is titrated with hydrogen bromide in glacial acetic acid using crystal violet as
indicator.
Epoxide equivalent weight = (Mass of resin x 10,000)/ Milliliters of Hydrogen bromide
used
Test standards:
ISO 3001
BS 2782 , 407A Method for testing plastics Epoxide equivalent weight Sp. Size: 0.1 to 1
g, Unit: 1g
ASTM
D1652 -88 Test method for Epoxy content of epoxy resins
DIN 16945
NF T51-522 Epoxy- Epoxide equivalent
23
Title:
Gel time of liquid resins

Description:
The method of finding the gel time is applicable to all resins, it is particularly useful for
cold setting resins. Preparation at 25 eg. C of a mixture is placed in a test tube if specified
dimensions which is immersed in a bath thermostatically controlled at 25 deg. C. A
device which is designed to have the least possible effect on the viscometric properties of
the mixture is used to indicate the exact time that the viscosity of the mixture reaches 50
pas. That time is called as Gel time at 25 deg. C.
Test standards:
ISO 2114-74 (E) Plastic unsaturated polyester resins -Determination of acid value
Spec. Size:1g, Unit.: MgKOH/g
BS 2782-70
111A
Gel time at 130 deg. C of phenolic resins for reinforced low percentage of
mouldings
111B
Gelation time at 150 deg. C of phenolic resins for reinforced low percentage
of moulding
111C
Gelation time at 82 deg. C of polyester resins (Manuel determination)
111D
Gelation time of polyester and epoxide resins with gel times
ASTM D2471-88 Test method for drop Impact resistance of Blow -moulded
Thermoplastic containers
Unit:
DIN 16945
NF
T51-512 Unsaturated polyesters resin Gel time at 25 deg. C
24
Title:
Chemical / Corrosion resistance of cast resins

Description:
The length width and weight of each piece are calculated and the samples are immersed
in the appropriate liquid. Care should be taken to ensure that all the surface of samples
are contact with the liquid. the test is carried out for 1,2,4,8 days. in the case of corrosive
media wash the specimen in cold water or other suitable solvent for 15 seconds and
subsequently wipe dry before testing.
Test standards:
ISO 175
BS
2782- 505A Method of testing plastics resistance to concentrated sulphuric acid of rigid
poly vinyl
chloride compounds.
Speci. Size: 50 x 50 mm . , No. of
spec: 3
Speci. Size: 50 x 50 mm . , No. of spec: 3 ,
Unit:NA
1146-81
NF
T51-029
Resistance of water and chemical liquids

Speci. Size: 50 x 50 mm . , No. of spec: 3 ,
25
Title:
Unit:NA
Heat deflection temperature of cast resins

Description:
This test is for the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrari deformation
occurs when plastics and ebonite are subjected to arbitrary bending loads under condition
of continuously rising temperature. This method is suitable for materials which are rigid
at temperature up to 27 C and may be applied to products which are either moulded in
thickness between 3.0 mm and 4.2 mm or in sheet from the thickness ranging from 3 to
13 mm. This method especially ISO is not recommended for testing laminates and FRP
standards deflection depends on the depth of specimen
Load, F = (2 x a x b x d sq)/ 3 L
where
b = width, d = depth, L = length of platform and a = fibre stress
Test standards:
ISO 75-1974 Plastic and ebonite- Determination of deflection under load.
Spec. Size: Leng:110 mm, Wid: 3 mm to 4.2 mm, Dep: 9.8 to 12.8. No. of Sp: 2,
Unit: deg. C
BS 2782
102 G/H
Method of testing plastics- Temp. of deflection under load at 1.81 MN/M sq
and 0.45
MN/msq
Unit: deg. C
ASTM
D648-88 Test method for Deflection - Temp. of plastic under flexural load
Unit: deg. C
DIN 5346
NF -ISO 75 Resins- Temp. of deflection under a load
Unit: deg. C
26
Title:
Coefficient of thermal expansion of cast resins

Description:
Linear Thermal expansion method covers determination of the coefficient linear thermal
expansion for plastics by use of a vitrious silica dilatometer. At the test temperatures and
under it stress imposed, the plastic materials shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain
rate. These proportions may affect the accuracy of the measurements. The linear thermal
expansion will happen due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticiser,
release of stresses and other factors.
Co-efficient of cubical thermal expansion test method covers the determination of the
coefficient of cubical thermal expansion of both rigid and non rigid plastics. Formerly
under the jurisdiction of committee D-20 m plastics, this test method was discontinued in
1989
Test standards:
ASTM
D696-79 Test method for coefficient for linear thermal expansion of plastics
Spec. Size: Leng:50 to 125 mm,
D864
Test method for coefficient for cubical thermal expansion of plastics
27
Title:
Flammability of cast resins

Description:
This is for determining the relative flammability characteristics of small specimens of
semi-rigid and rigid plastics when brought into contact with a small flame. Assessment of
the flammability characteristics of the test specimen after a gas flame has been applied to
the free end for a specified period of time. This method must not be used to asses
potential fire hazards in use
Test standards:
Spec. Size: 150 mm x 12 x 3. No. of Sp: 5, Unit:
ISO 1210-82 Plastics- Determination of flammability characteristics of plastics in the
form of specimens in contact with a small flame
Spec. Size: 120 mm x 130 mm. No. of Sp: 5, Unit:
BS
2782
Method of testing plastics
508A
Rate of burning
UL 94 HB: Horizontal burning test for HB classification
ASTM
28
Title:
Tensile strength of cast resins

Description:
Tensile strength is defined as tensile load per unit area of minimum original cross-section
within the narrow parallel portion carried by the test specimens at any moment.
Yield point is the first point on the load / extension curve at which an increase in
extension occurs without an increase in load
Test standards:
ISO R527-66 Determination of Tensile proportion, Specimen size: 230 x 25, No. of
speci: 5,
Unit: N/mm sq.
BS
2782
Method of Testing - Plastics
Method
301 A-L Tensile strength and elongation at break
ASTM
D638-89 Test method for tensile properties of plastics
DIN 53455
NF
T51-034
T51-516 Tensile test on cured resins
29
Title:
Tensile modulus of cast resins

Description:
Tensile Modulus is the ratio of stress to corresponding strain within the range of the
greatest stress that the material is capable of sustaining without any deviation of
proportionality of stress to strain
Elastic Modules = Tensile stress/ Strain = (P/delta) x [l/(b x T) N/ mm sq
Where
P = Load corresponding the extension
L = Gauge length
b = Width
T = Thickness
Test standards:
speci: 5,
Unit: N/mm sq.
BS
2782
Method
302 A-D Elastic modulus
ASTM
DIN 53455
NF
T51-034
30
Title:
Percentage elongation at break of cast resins

Description:
Percentage Elongation is the increase in the distance between reference lines on the
narrow parallel portion of the test specimen due to tensile load.
Percentage elongation = Elongation at break/ Gauge length x 100
Test standards:
speci: 5,
Unit: N/mm sq.
BS
2782
Method
301 A-C Tensile strength and elongation at break
ASTM
DIN 53455
NF
T51-034
31
Title:
Compressive strength of cast resins

Description:
Compressive strength is defined as the maximum compressive stress carried by the
specimen during a compressive test. It may or may not be the compressive stress carried
by the specimen at the time of rupture
compressive deformation is change in length produced in a longitudinal section of the test
specimens by a compressive load. Compressive strain to the change in length per unit of
original length.
Compressive strength = Compressive load/ area, N/mm sq.
Test standards:
32
Title:
Flexural strength of cast resins
Description:
This method is for measuring the apparent surface stress in bend at fracture of rigid
materials when subjected to three point loading. Flexural stress at a given time is the
maximum outer, fibre stress of the material in the section of the test piece at mid span.
Flexural stress at maximum load is the flexural stress developed when load reaches the
first maximum.
Flexural strength = 3/2 , WL/ bd sq N/mm sq

Where W = Load, L= Span Length (5d to 17d), b = width, d = depth
Test standards:
ISO 178-75 Plastics- determination of Flexural properties of rigid materials,
spec. size: 85 x 10, No. spec: 5, unit: N/mm sq
BS 2782
Method of Testing Plastics No. spec: 5, unit: N/mm sq
Method
304-C
Cross breaking strength (Flexural strength) of castings and laminating resin
systems No. spec: 5, unit N/mm sq
ASTM
D790-71
CEN 63
DIN 53452
NF
351-001
Resin - bending test in cured resins
33
Title:
Shear strength of cast resins
Description:
The method is for determining the shear strength of a moulded test specimen by shearing
a 12.7m diameter hole through it. Force shall be applied to the specimen by meance of
the punch and shall be increased steadily at such a rate that the specimen fractures in 1545 seconds.
Shear strength = Breaking Load / Area, N/ mm sq
Test standards:
ISO 537
No. speci: 5 , Unit : N/m sq
BS 2782
Method
305 A
5,
Method of testing - Plastics

Shear strength of moulding material
Unit : N/m sq
Spec. size: 25 x 27 No. speci:
ASTM
D73-78
34
Title:
Shear modulus of cast resins
Description:
The method is for determining the shear modulus of a moulded test specimen by shearing
a 12.7m diameter hole through it. Force shall be applied to the specimen by meance of
the punch and shall be increased steadily at such a rate that the specimen fractures in 1545 seconds.
Test standards:
ISO 537
No. speci: 5 , Unit : N/m sq
BS 2782
Method
305 A
speci: 5 ,

Shear strength of moulding materials
Unit : N/m sq
Spec. size: 25 x 27 No.
ASTM
D73-78
35
Title:
Impact strength (Izod, Charpy) of cast resins
Description:
This test is used for investigating the behaviour of specified specimens under specified
impact stresses and for estimating the brittleness and the touchness of the specimens
Charpy Impact Test: The test specimen, supported as a horizontal beam - is broken by a
single swing of pendulam with a line of impact mid way between the supports and the
case of notched specimens directly opposite the notch
Izod Impact Test: The test specimen, supported as a vertical cantilever beam - is broken
by a single swing of pendulam with a line of impact at a fixed distance from the
specimen clamp and from the centre line of the notch
Test standards:
ISO 179-82(E) Plastics -determination of charpy impact strength of rigid materials
Spec. size: 65 x 30, No. spec: 5, Unit: J/ cm or KJ/ m sq
180- 82
Plastics -determination of izod impact strength of rigid materials
BS 2782
Method 306 A
306 B
306 C
306 D
306 E
ASTM
D256-88
materials
D1822-84
insulating
NF
T51- 035
Method of testing of plastics

Impact strength (pendulam method)
Impact strength (falling weight method with sheet specimen)
Impact strength (modified method 306 B)
Charpy impact resistance with unnotched specimen
Charpy impact resistance with notched specimen
Test methods for impact resistance of plastic and electrical insulating
Test method for tensile - impact energy to break plastics and electrical
materials
Resin impact test in cured resins
36
Title:
Barcol hardness/ Shore D hardness of cast resins
Description:
This method is for determining the hardness of the specimen. In this method, a needle is
pressed into the surface of the specimens. The hardness of the specimens can be
calculated directly from the instrument.
Test standards:
ISO 2039
BS
2782
method
1001

Softness number of flexible polyvinyl chloride extrusion compound
ASTM
D2583 -87 Test method for indentation hardness of rigid plastics by means of barcol
impression
D 1706
D1242-87
Test method for resistance of plastics materials to abrasion.
D785-89
materials.
Test method for rockwell hardness of plastic and electrical insulatory
D2240- 86 Test methods for rubber property, durometer hardness. ( shore- hardness)
EN 59
For Barcol hardness
DIN 53505 (for shore hardness)

53456
(For boll indentation hardness)
NF T57106
Hardness -barcol test
37
Title:
Surface resistivity of cast resins
Description:
This method is for measuring the electrical resistance across the surface of material as
determined from the current flowing when a voltage is applied to electrodes on the
surface of the material. the specimen shall be a flat sheet of dimensions such that the
electrodes can be accommodated on it.
Surface resistivity (log 10 ohms) = log 10 (2piRs)/ [log e (D/d)]

Where
Rs = surface resistance (ohms)
D = Inner diameter of upper outer electrode (mm)
d = diameter of upper inner electrode (mm)
Test standards:
BS 2782
Method 203 A
Surface resistivity
ASTM
D257-76
No. of speci: 2 ,
Unit: log10 ohms
Test methods for D-C resistance or conductance of insulating materials
DIN 53482
38
Title:
Loss tangent of cast resins
Description:
The loss tangent of a material at this frequency often shows some correlation with its
electric strength at power frequencies if the temperature of measurement is the same.
Loss tangent was previously known as power factor
Test standards:
BS 2782
No. of speci: 2 ,
Unit:
Method 206 D Loss tangent and permitivity at 800 x 1600 hz of casting and
laminating resin.
39
Title:
Volume resistivity of cast resins
Description:
This method is for measuring the electrical resistance across the surface of material as
determined from the current flowing through the material when a voltage is applied to
the opposite faces of the material.
Volume resistivity (log 10 ohms) = log 10 (AR/ t)
Where
A = Area of upper outer electrode in sq cm

R =Resistance in ohms between the upper and lower electrodes
t = Thickness of test specimens in cm
Test standards:
BS 2782
No. of speci: 2 ,
Method 202 A
Volume of resistivity with Guard ring
ASTM
D257-76
Unit: log10 ohms
DIN 53482
40
Title:
Insulation resistance of cast resins
Description:
This method is for measuring the electrical resistance of the specimens after specimens
have been immersed in water for 24 Hrs. The resistance is measured between metal
inserts of specified dimensions and at a specified distance apart.
Test standards:
BS 2782
Method of testing -Plastics. Spec. Siz: 70 x 66, No. of speci: 21,
Unit: log10 ohms
Method 204 A
Insulation of resistance of laminated sheet
IS
IEL
167
41
Title:
Arc resistance of cast resins
Description:
ARC resistance is the total elapsed time (second) of operation of the test until failure
occurs. When a conducting part is formed across the dielectric, The arc disappears into
material and noticeable change in sound take place. After that the material will fail. The
description of failure of more difficult for some materials. This test method is not
applicable to materials that don't produce conductive paths under the action of an electric
arc.
Test standards:
ASTM
D495
Test method for High voltage, low current dry arc resistance of solid electrical
insulation
IS
IEC 93
42
Title:
Measuring the flow properties of cast resins
Description:
This method covers the measurement of the following flow properties of thermoplastics
moulding materials
1. The temperature at which a thermoplastic material attains a defined degree of flow

when subjected to a prescribed percentage for a prescribed time in a specified extrusion
mould.
2. The degree of flow that thermoplastic material attains when subjected to a prescribed
pressure and temperature for a prescribed time in specified extrusion mould.
Test standards:
ASTM
D561-82 Method of measuring the flow properties of thermoplastics moulding
materials
NF T51-402 Thermosetting resins-transfer flow
43
Title:
Specific gravity of composites
Description:
Density and relative density are frequently used to follow the variations in the physical
structure of specimens and in calculations of the amount of material necessary to fill a
given volume. Density is the preferred property relating the mass and volume of an
object, specimen or material. these properties may also be useful in determining
uniformity among samples or specimens. The density of plastics often depends in the
methods employed in preparing the test specimen
Specific Gravity of specimen = density of specimen/ density of water
Test standards:
ISO
R1183-70 Plastics-Method for determining the density and relative density (specific
gravity) of
plastics excluding cellular plastics. Spec.size: 50 x x50 No.
of spec: 3, Unit: No.
ASTM
D792-86 Test method for specific gravity (relative density) density of plastics by
displacement.
DIN 53479
44
Title:
Fibre content of composites
Description:
If the material to be tested contains only glass and a resin the loss on ignition is equal to
the resin content. The glass content can be calculated from that value. In the case of
products which contain non combustible mineral like filters and other than glass
reinforcement, the presence of that materials can also be calculated after ignition.
Glass content=(Mass of specimen after combustion/mass of specimen) *100
Test standards:
ISO 1172-75 Tensile glass reinforced plastics- Determination of loss on ignition
Spec. size: 50 x 50(mass >=2Kg) No. of spc: 4, Unit: %
BS 2782
Method
107 R

Resin content of glass reinforced laminates
ASTM
D3171
CEN
Pr EN 2564 Carbon fibre resin laminate: Fibre and resin content.
EN 60
Pr EN 2559 Carbon fibre prepregs: Fibre and resin content.
DIN 53395
NF
T57-102
T57-571
T57-608
T57 -518
Determination of loss on ignition

Mats, SMC, DMC, yarns, glass fibre content, ignition loss
Mats, SMC, DMC: fibre and resin content (desolution method)
Glass fibre mat, SMC, DMC, BMC: glass and fibre content, burnolf method
45
Title:
Water absorption of composites
Description:
This is complete immersion of test specimens of the plastic materials in water for a
specified period of time and at a specified temperature. Determine the changes in the
mass of the specimens after immersion in water and it required after elimination of the
water by drying.
The water absorption may be expressed in the following ways (1) as the mass of water
absorbed(2) as the mass of water absorbed per unit surface area(3) as a percentage by
mass of water absorbed with respect to the mass of the test specimen
Water absorption (g/cm sq)=(mass of the specimen after immersion - mass of the
specimen before immersion) / total surface area in cm sq
Water absorption (percentage)=(mass of the specimen after immersion - mass of the
specimen before immersion) / mass of the specimen before immersion
Test standards:
ISO R62-80 Plastics- Determination of water absorption
Spec. size: 50 x 50 No. of spc: 3, Unit: % or g/cm sq
ASTM
D570-81(88) Test method for water absorption of plastics
CEN
Pr EN 2378
GRP, Glass fibre reinforced plastics: water content.
DIN
53472
53475
46
Title:
Acetone extraction of composites
Description:
The test method covers the determination of acetone soluble matter ------- in moulded
or laminated phenolic products. Formerly under the jurisdiction of committee D20 on
plastics, this method was discontinued in 1985
Test standards:
ASTM
D494- 46(79)
Test method for acetone extraction of phenolic moulded or laminated
products
47
Title:
Thermal conductivity / Specific heat of composites
Description:
Heats of fusion and crystallization of polymers by technical analysis.

This test method covers the determination of heat of fusion and heat of crystallization of
polymers by differential scanning calorimetry. This test method is applicable to polymers
in granular form or to any fabricated shape as from which appropriate samples can be
cut. Deferential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid methods for determining enthalpy
changes accompanied by the first order transitions of materials. The heat of fusion, the
heat of crystallization and also the effect of annealing can be determined in polymers.
This test method consist of heating and cooling the test material at a controlled rate in a
controlled atmosphere and comparing the areas under the crystallization exotherm of
fusion exotherm of the test materials against the respective areas.
Test standards:
ISO
2582
ASTM
D3417-83 Test method for Heats of fusion and crystallization of polymers by thermal
analysis.
48
Title:
Flammability of composites
Description:

semi-rigid and rigid plastic when brought in to contact with a small flame. Assessment of
the flammability characteristics of the test specimen after a gas flame has been applied to
the free end for a specified period of time.
This method must not be used to assess potential fire hazards.
Test standards:
ISO 1210-82 Plastics- Determination of flammability characteristics of plastics in the
form of specimens in contact with a small flame
Spec. Size: 120 mm x 130 mm. No. of Sp: 5, Unit:
BS
2782
508D
Method of testing plastics- flammability of a specimen 150 mm sq, not
exceeding 50 mm in thickness of a plastic material
Spec. Size: 150 mm x 150 mm. No. of Sp:2
ASTM
D229 -77 Rigid sheet and plate material used for electrical insulation. Flammability and
Flame resistance
Spec. Size: 150 mm x 150 mm. No. of Sp:2
D2863 -87 Test method for measuring the minimum oxygen concentration to support
candle light compression of plastics (Oxygen index)
D757 - 77 Incandescence resistance of rigid plastic in a horizontal possession.
DIN
53454
Testing of plastics. Determination of the resistance to incandescence by
Schraum and Zebrowski
49
Title:
Rate of burning of composites
Description:

semi-rigid and rigid plastics when brought in to contact with a small flame. Assessment
of the flammability characteristics of the test specimen after a gas flame has been applied
to the free end for a specified period of time.
This method must not be used to assess potential fire hazards in use
Test standards:
ISO 1210
Plastics- Determination of flammability characteristics of plastics in the
form of specimen in contact with small flame.
Spec. size: 120 x 130
No. of spec: 5.
BS
2782
No. of spec: 2
Method
508 A
Rate of burning
ASTM
D757
D635-77
position
Incandescence resistance of rigid plastics in a horizontal position.

Rate of burning and /or extent and time og burning plastics in a horizontal
50
Title:
Incandescence resistance of composites
Description:
This test method provides for laboratory comparison of the resistance of the rigid plastics
to an incandescent surface at 950+/- 10deg C. It may supplement test using no flame
source of ignition, such as test method D635.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of committee D20 on plastics, this method was
discontinued in 1987
Test standards:
ASTM
D757 - 77 Test method for Incandescence resistance of rigid plastics in horizontal
position
51
Title:
Smoke evaluation test of composites
Description:
This test method covers a laboratory procedure for measuring and observing the relative
amount of smoke produced by the burning of decomposition of plastics. The
measurements are made in terms of the loss of light transmission through the collected
volume of smoke produced under controlled, standardized conditions. The opperatus is
constructed so that the flame and smoke can be observed during the test. This test
method serves the determine the extent to which plastic materials are likely to smoke
under condition of active burning and decomposition in the presence of flame.
Test standards:
ASTM
D 2843 -88 Test method for density of smoke from burning of composition of plastics
Spec. size: 25.4 X 25.4 X 6.2, No. spec: 3,
52
Title:
Tensile strength of composites
Description:
Tensile strength is defined as tensile load per unit area of minimum original cross section
within the narrow parallel portion carried by the test specimen at any moment.
Yield point is the first point on the load /extension curve at which an increase in the
extension occurs without an increase in load.
Test standards:
ISO 3268-78 Plastics - reinforce materials -Determination of Tensile properties,
Specimen size: 230 x 25, No. of speci: 5, Unit: N/mm sq.
BS
2782
Method
1003
301 C Tensile strength of laminated
301 L Tensile strength of reinforced plastics with rectangular test specimen
ASTM
D638
D6039
Test method for tensile properties of plastics
PrEN 2747
EN 61
EN2561
GRP tensile test

UD laminate carbon fibre resin tensile test
DIN 53455
392-451
NF
T57-101 Tensile properties of composites
T57-301 Tensile test on carbon fibre reinforced plastics
53
Title:
Tensile strength of uni-directional composites
Description:
Tensile strength is defined as tensile load per unit area of minimum original cross section
within the narrow parallel portion carried by the test specimen at any moment.
Yield point is the first point on the load /extension curve at which an increase in the
extension occurs without an increase in load.
Test standards:
ISO 3268-78 Plastics -Glass reinforce materials -Determination of Tensile properties,
BS
2782
Method
1003
301 C Tensile strength of laminated seet
301 L Tensile strength of reinforced plastics with rectangular test specimen
ASTM
D2343-67
Test method for tensile properties of Glass fibre strands, yarns and
rovings used in reinforced plastics
D3039
D3379
54
Title:
Flexural strength of composites
Description:
This method is for measuring the apparent surface stress in bend at as fracture of rigid
materials when subjected to three point loading. Flexural stress at a given time is the
maximum outer fibre stress of the material in the section of the test piece at midspan.
Flexural stress at maximum load is the flexural stress developed when the load reaches
the first maximum.
Flexural strength = (3/2) (WL/bd sq) N/mm sq
where W=load, L=span length
Test standards:
BS 2782
No. spec: 5, unit: N/mm sq
Method
304-B/D/E Cross breaking strength (Flexural strength) of laminated sheet
No. spec: 5, unit N/mm sq
ASTM
D790-86 Test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced ands reinforced plastics
and electrical insulating materials
CEN
Pr EN 2562
EN 63
Pr EN 2746
UD laminate cast on fibre resins: flexural test

GRP: Flexural test (3 point loading)
DIN 53452
NF
T57-302
Flexural test (3 point loading , CFRP)
L 17 -411 Carbon fibre resins UD Laminate flexural test
T57-105
Flexural test (3 point test, GRP)
55
Title:
Compressive strength of composites
Description:
Compressive strength is defined as the maximum compressive stress carried by the

specimen during a compressive stress. It may or may not be the compressive stress
carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
Compressive deformation is the change in length produced in a longitudinal section of
the test specimen by a compressive load. Compressive strain is the change in length per
unit of original length.
Compressive Strength = (Compressive Load/ Area) in N/ mm sq.
Test standards:
ISO 604 Plastics- determination of compressive properties, spec. size: 12.7 x 12.7 x
12.7, No. spec: 3, unit N/mm sq
BS 2782
Method
303-B
Crushing strength of thermosetting sheets
ASTM
D695-89 Test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics
unit N/mm sq
CEN
Pr EN 2850 GRP: Compression test.
DIN 53454
DIN 53463
NF
T56-101
Compression test on rigid form
NF ISO 8515
Compression test parallel to flame of lay -up (GRP)
56
Title:
Interlaminar shear strength (Lap Shear)of composites
Description:
No. spec: 2,
The specimens shall have a minimum thickness of 3 mm and the length of the specimen
may be varied to accommodate the requirements of the available testing requirements.
The edges of the specimen shall be smooth but not round or be welled. Two parallel cuts,
12.5 mm apart, can be sawn across it entire width of the specimens.
Lap Shear Strength = Maximum load / (Distance between the saw cuts X Width of the
specimen) in N/ mm sq.
Test standards:
ISO 4585
BS 4994
B9
B 10
Lap shear strength of laminate

Shear strength of bond between thermoplastic lines and laminates
Spec. size 200 x 25. No. of spe: CSM =5, WRM =10
Unit: N/mm sq
ASTM
D2344
D2345 Spec. size 200 x 20. No. of spe: 3
CEn
Pr EN 2563 GRP: Interlaminar shear test
EN 2377
EN 2563
Laminate carbon fibre resin: Intermlaminar-shear test.
NF
L17-412
EN 2377
Carbon fibre resin UD laminates: Interlaminar shear strength

Apparent interlaminar shear strength of GRP
57
Title:
Shear modulus (Picture Frame Method) of composites
Description:
This test method covers the punch-type of shear test and is intended for use in
determining the shear strength of test specimens of organic plastics in the form of sheet
and moduled disks in thickness from 0. 127 to 12.7 mm. Shear strength is defined as the
maximum load require to shear the specimen in a manner that the moving portion has
completely cleaned the stationary portion.
Shear strength obtained by a tool of the punch type is one of the recognized methods of
comparing materials or obtaining data for eng. design.
Test standards:
ASTM
D3518
D732-85 Test method for shear strength of plastics by punch II
spec. size: 50 mm dia, thick: 0.127 to 12.7, No. of spec: 5
58
Title:
Impact strength (Izox, Charpy) of composites
Description:
This test is used for investigating the behaviour of specified specimens under specified
impact stress and estimating the brittleness and touchness of the specimens.
Charpy Impact Test: The test specimen, supported as a horizontal beam- is brocken by a
single swing of pendulum, with a line of impact mid way between the supporters and in
the case of notched specimen, directly opposite the notch.
Izod Impact Test: The test specimen, supported as a vertical cantilever beam- is brocken
by a single swing of pendulum, with a line of impact a fixed distance from the specimen
clamp and from the centre line of the notch.
Test standards:
ISO 179-82(E) Plastics -determination of charpy impact strength of rigid materials
Spec. size: 65 x 13, No. spec: 5, Unit: J/ cm or KJ/ m sq
180- 82
Plastics -determination of izod impact strength of rigid materials
BS 2782
Method 306 A
306 B
306 C
306 D
306 E
Method of testing of plastics

Impact strength (pendulam method)
Impact strength (falling weight method with sheet specimen)
Impact strength (modified method 306 B)
Charpy impact resistance with unnotched specimen
Charpy impact resistance with notched specimen
ASTM
D256-88
Test methods for impact resistance of plastic and electrical insulating
materials
D1822-84
Test method for tensile - impact energy to break plastics and electrical
insulating materials
DIN 53453
NF
T57- 108
Impact strength(Charpy) test

Impact strength(Charpy) test
59
Title:
Tensile properties at high speed of composites
Description:
This test method covers determination of tensile properties of plastics over a broad range
of testing speed extending from conventional speed to those at which stress - wave
propagation effects may become important. When the speed of the approaches the
velocity of sound in a material, the distribution of load through out the length of
specimen is not always uniform. This test method is designed to provide the uses with a
measure of rate sensitivity of a material by generating tensile data.
3 speeds shall be used, they are 2.5, 25 and 250 m/mm
Test standards:
ASTM
D2289 -84 Test method for Tensile Properties of plastics at High Speed
No. of spec: 5 , Unit: N/mm sq
60
Title:
Barcol hardness/ Shore D hardness of composites
Description:
This method is for determining the hardness of the test specimen. In this method a needle
is pressed in to the surface of the specimens. This hardness of the specimens can be
Test standards:
ISO 2039
BS
2782
method
1001

ASTM
impression
D 1706
D1242-87
D785-89
materials.
D2240- 86 Test methods for rubber property, durometer hardness. (shore-hardness)

EN 59
For Barcol hardness

53456
NF T57106
Hardness-barcol test
61
Title:
Bearing strength of composites
Description:
This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in
either sheet or moulded form. Two procedures are followed for tension and compression
loading.
Bearing area is the diameter of the hole multiplied by the thickness of specimen. The
applied load divided by the bearing area is called bearing stress. Bearing strength is
defined as the bearing stress at which ----- the bearing hole is deformed 4% of its
diameter. This bearing strength test for plastics is indented to apply in the specimen of
various thermoplastic or thermosetting products in sheet form where rivets, bolts or
similar fastenings are to be used in joining members of sections.
Test standards:
ASTM
D953-87 Test method for bearing strength of plastics.
62
Title:
Abrasion resistance of composites
Description:
No. of spec: 5.
This Tests methods covers the determination of the resistance abrasion of flat surfaces of
plastic materials, measured in times of volume loss, by two different types of abrasionsTesting machines (loose abrasive, bonded abrasive in cloth or paper), resistance to
abrasion is defined as the ability of a material to withstand mechanical action such as
rubbing, scraping or erosion that tends progressively to remove material from its surface.
The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of plastic materials is very complex.
Test standards:
ASTM
D1242-87 Test method for resistance of plastic materials to abrasion
63
Title:
Mar resistance of composites
Description:
This test method covers the determination of the resistance of plastics to surface marring
caused by falling abrasive particles. Material such as films or moulded or laminated
plastics may be evaluated. The surface to be tested should be relatively flat and smooth.
The damage done by a falling object is a function of the angle or which strikes. Since
deterioration is usually measured optically, the material evaluated is normally of high
initial gloss or low initial haze. In other than flat form, materials may be compared
visually. This test provides a relatively mild, airborne abrasive action which is similar to
that encountered by many items in actual use. Different materials may be ranked
according to their relative mar resistance.
Test standards:
ASTM
D673- 88 Test method for mar resistance of plastics
64
Title:
Creep resistance of composites
Description:
Sp.size: 50 x 50, No. of spec: 5
This test method covers the determination of tensile, compressive creep and creeprupture of plastics under specified environmental conditions. For measurement of creep
rupture, tension is the preferred stress mode because for some ductile plastic rupture does
occur in flexure or compression. Data from the test method can be used (1) to compare
materials (2) In the design of fabricated parts (3) to characterize plastics for long term
performance under constant load and (4) under certain conditions for specification
purposes
Test standards:
ASTM
D990-77(82) Test method for tensile, compressive and flexural creep and creep rapture
of plastics
65
Title:
Fatigue resistance of composites
Description:
Classification of Fatigue testing modes.

1. Direct Stress
(i) Direct stress (ii) Repeated axial loading by alternating magnetic field. Repeated axial
deformation by means of connecting nod or cams
2. Flexural Stress
Repeated loading by (i) Rotating cantilevers loaded by weight of spring. (ii) Fixed
cantilevers loaded by magnetic or inertia vibrator or rotating spring
3. Torsional Stress
(i) Repeated angular torque by inertia vibrator. (ii) Repeated angular twist by cam or
connecting rod action on a torque arm.
Fatigue is defined as the process of progressive localised permanent structural change
occurring in a material subjected to conditions that produce fluctuating stresses and
strains at some point or points and that may culminate in cracks, complete fracture, or
thermal softening after a sufficient number of fluctuations.
Test standards:
ASTM
D671- 87 Test method for Flexural fatigue of plastics by constant - amplitude of force
66
Title:
Bond Strength of joints/ Peel Strength of Composites The specimen shall be cut from the
full thickness of the laminate and lining. Saw cut should be made at one end of the
specimen of the interface of the laminate and thermoplastic material, across the width of
the specimen and for 20 mm along. its length. the sow cut should include equal amounts
of laminate and the thermoplastic materials.
The peel strength ------- shall be calculated from the total load at peel and the measured
width of the specimen and expressed in N/ mm width.
Peel Strength = Load/ Width in N/ mm sq.
Description:
Test standards:
BS 4994 Peel strength of bond between thermoplastic lining and laminate
Sp. siz: 60 X 20 mm sq sawcut-20 mm, No. of spec: 5, Unit: N/mm
B-11
B-12
Peel strength of bond between laminate layers
ASTM
D1781
D2918-71
D2919 -71
3167-76
DIN 53289
NF
L17-455
T76-112 Peeling test on skin sandwich and CFRP
67
Title:
Loss tangent / Permittivity of composites
Description:
The loss tangent of a material at this frequency often shows some correlation with its
electric strength at power frequencies if the temperature of the measurement in the same.
The tangent was previously known as the power factor.
Test standards:
BS 2782
Method of testing -Plastics No. of speci: 2, Unit:
Method 205 B
Loss tangent and permittivity at 50 hz, at 800 x 1600 hz
Method 206 B
Loss tangent and permittivity at 800 x 1600 hz
ASTM
D150
Test method for A-class characteristics and permittivity (dielectric constant)
of solid electrical insulating materials
DIN 53483
68
Title:
Arc resistance of composites
Description:
Arc resistance is the total elapsed time (seconds) of operation of the test until failure
occurs. When a conducting part is formed across the dielectric, the arc disappears into
material --- -- the description of failure is more difficult for some materials. This test
method is not applicable to materials that do not produce conductive parts under the
action of an electric arc.
Test standards:
ASTM
D495 Test method for High voltage, low current dry arc resistance of solid electrical
insulation
Spe. size: thickness- 317+/- 0.25 mm, No. of spec: 5, Unit: inch pound
69
Title:
Surface resistivity of composites
Description:
This method is for measuring the electrical resistance across the surface of the material as
determine from the current flowing when a voltage is applied to electrodes on the surface
of the material. The specimen shall be a flat sheet of dimensions such that the electrods
can be accommodated on it.
Surface resistivity (log_10 ohms) = log_10 (2 pi Rs/ log_e D/d)
Where
Rs = Surface resistance (ohms)
D = Inner diameter of upper outer electrode (mm)
d = diameter of upper inner electrode (mm)
Test standards:
BS 2782
Method 203 A
Surface resistivity
ASTM
D275-76
No. of speci: 2 ,
Unit: log10 ohms
IS
IEC 93
DIN 53482
70
Title:
Volume resistivity of composites
Description:
This test method is for measuring the electrical resistance of materials as determine from
the current flowing through the material when a voltage is applied to the opposite faces
of a sheet of the material.
Volume resistivity (log 10 ohms) = log 10 (AR/ t)
Where
A = Area of upper outer electrode in sq cm
R =Resistance in ohms between the upper and lower electrodes
t = Thickness of test specimens in cm
Test standards:
BS 2782
No. of speci: 2 ,
ohms
Method 202 A
Volume of resistivity with Guard ring
ASTM
D257-76
Unit: log10
IS
IEC 93
DIN 53482
71
Title:
Insulation resistance of composites
Description:
This method is for measuring the electrical resistance of the specimens after specimens
have been immersed in water for 24 Hrs.
The resistance is measured between metal inserts of specified dimensions and at a
specified distance apart.
Test standards:
BS 2782
Method of testing -Plastics. Spec. Siz: 70 x 66, No. of speci: 2,
Unit: log10 ohms
Method 204 A
Insulation of resistance of laminated sheet
IS
IEC 167
72
Title:
Weathering under natural environment (out door weathering) of composites
Description:
This practice is intended to define test conditions for the exposure of plastic material to
weather. The test may be used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when exposed
outdoors to varied influences which comprise a weather. Exposure conditions are
complex and changeable. Important factors include climate, time of year, presence of
Industrial atmosphere and annual variation in weather.
Test standards:
ISO 4697-78
877-76
ASTM
D1435-78 Practice for outdoor weathering of plastics
IS
53386-82
5388
73
Title:
Density (or) Specific density of fibres
Description:
Density of fibre can be found out by using mass and size of the mat.
Density of Fibre = [mass / volume] g/ cu m.
Calculate the weight and size of the mat. The specimen should be atleast 30 X 30 cm.
Atleast 3 test specimens should be tested
Test standards:
ISO 3801 Surface density of fabrics size: 30 x 30 cm No. of Spec: 3 Unit: gsm
ISO 1889
ASTM D 3317 Surface density of fabrics size: 30 x 30 CM No. of Spec: 3 Unit: gsm
3780 D 1505
DIN 53854 Surface density of fabrics 30 x 30 cm 3 gsm
53830
Linear Density of yarn
10119 Density of carbon fibre/ Glass fibre 3 g/cm3
NF 130 18892 Linear Density of yarn/ Glass fibre Tex
NFB38-105
NFT 25-100 Specific gravity of Linear Density of yarn& rovings
NFG 07-150 Surface density of fabrics 30 x 30 cm 3 gsm
74
Title:
Visual inspection of fibres
Description:
This test is applicable for all types of reinforcements. The following must be checked and
reported.
1. Cleanliness
2. Uniformity of appearance in colour and texture
3. Uniformity of strand distribution (for CSM only)
4. Uniformity of binder distribution (for CSM only)
5. No Visual defects in rovings / CSM / Woven Fabric
6. Weaving is Uniform ( for woven fabric only)
7. Selvedges shall be made substantially strait and even ( for woven fabric only).
8. It should be free from oil and grees sports and other contaminations
Test standards:
BS
3496-73
Specification for E-glass CSM mat for the reinforcement of polyester resin
systems
Spec. size: 2m length of rovings/ CSM/ Woven fabric
3749-74
Specification for woven roving fabrics of E-glass fibre for the
reinforcement of polyester resin systems
3691-69
Glass fibre rovings for the reinforcement of polyester and of epoxide resin
systems
ASTM
D4029 - 89
D541-87
D 578-89a
Specification for finished woven glass fabrics

Specification for single jute yarn
Specification for glass fibre strands
Spec. size: 2m length
75
Title:
Weight per unit surface area of fibres
Description:
The specimen CSM / Woven fabric are conditioned in advance in an oven or enclosures
for atleast 6 hrs. (temp. 23 deg. C) to obtain a constant weight. Samples are cutt off and
weighed accurately to calculate the mass per unit, m area which can be found from the
formula
m = Mass of the specimen in g/ area of specimen in sq m.
Test standards:
ISO 4605-78 (E) Textile glass -woven fabrics-Determination of mass per unit area
ISO 3801
Spec. size: 1 m X 1m, No. of Spec: 5 atleast. Unit: g/m sq
3374-80(E) Textile glass -Glass mats -Determination of mass per unit area
BS
3496-73
systems
Specification for E-glass CSM mat for the reinforcement of polyester resin
Spec. size:
, No. of Spec: 5,
Unit: g/m sq
3749-74 Specification for woven roving fabrics of E-glass fibre for the reinforcement
of polyester resin systems
Spec. size: 1 m x 1m, No. of Spec: 3. Unit: g/m sq
ASTM
D 3776 -85
Test method for mass per unit area (weight) of woven fabric
Spec. size: 1 m x 1m, No. of Spec: 5 . Unit: g/m sq
DIN 53834
Spec. size: 1 m x 1m, No. of Spec: 5 .
Unit: g/m sq
NFB 38-304 Mass per surface area of standard mar (Glass fibre)
NFG Q7-150
NFT 57-601 Mass per surface area of preimpregnated fabrics (prepregs)
Spec. size: 1 m X 1m, No. of Spec: 5. Unit: g/m sq
76
Title:
Twist balance index of fibres
Description:
Twist balance index counting of the numbers of terns a yarn makes on itself when it is
arranged in an open loop of specified length and width.
The twist balance index E1 of the yarn is represented by the no. of terns N1 the yarn
makes on itself
E1 = N1
The average twist balance index of the package in the arithmetic mean of all test result
taken from this package and the average twist balance index of the sample is represented
by the arithmetic mean of mean values of all packages tested. Mean indices shall be given
in the figures round off to the first decimal place.
Test standards:
ISO
3343-84(E) Textile glass-yarns-Determination of twist balance index
NF
B38-109
Glass fibre yarns -Twisting index
77
Title:
Breaking strength (Tensile Test) of fibres
Description:
Five specimens of size 150 x 300 mm each are prepared. Place each specimen in the
clamps of a tensile testing machine with a distance of 200 mm between the edges of the
clamps. Speed could be 100 +/- 10 mm /min. Making force is regarded. Breaking strength
indicates that the strength of the mat in longitudinal direction
Test standards:
polyester resin system size= 30 x 150 mm, Sp. No. 5. , Unit. N/mm sq
in reinforced plastics
ISO
3341-77 (E) Textile glass-yarns-Determination of breaking force and breaking
elongation
3342-75 (E) Textile glass-Determination of tensile breaking force of mats
unit. N/mm sq
4606-79(E) Textile glass-woven fabric-Determination of breaking force and breaking
elongation by strip method
DIN 53834T1, Part 1
NF ISO 3341 Tensile test on yarns
NF ISO 3342 Tensile test on strand mat
B3203 Glass fibre woven fabrics- Tensile test (Strip Method)
NFG 07- 003 Yarns - Tensile test
T25-101 Carbon fibre yarns rovings- Tensile test
78
Title:
Water absorption of cast resins
Description:
Complete immersion of test specimens of the plastic materials in water for a specified
period of time and at a specified temperature. Determine the changes in the mass of the
specimens after immersion in water and it required after elimination of the water by
drying.
The water absorption may be expressed in the following ways (1) as the mass of water
absorbed(2) as the mass of water absorbed per unit surface area(3) as a percentage by
mass of water absorbed with respect to the mass of the test specimen
Water absorption (g/cm sq)=(mass of the specimen after immersion - mass of the
specimen before immersion) / total surface area in cm sq
Water absorption (percentage)=(mass of the specimen after immersion - mass of the
specimen before immersion) / mass of the specimen before immersion
Test standards:
ISO R62-80 Plastics- Determination of water absorption
Spec. size: 50 x 50 No. of spec: 3, Unit: % or g/cm sq
ASTM
BS
2782
Method
502F/G
Method of testing plastics water absorption. Procedure A&B of ISO method

Spec. size: 50 x 50 No. of spec: 3, Unit: %
DIN
53472
53475
79
Title:
Boiling water absorption of cast resins
Description:
This method is for determining the mass of water absorbed as a result of immersion in
boiling water for a specified line by either a moulded test specimen or one cut to shape
from sheet rod, or round or rectangular too. The comparison of boiling water absorptions
of material is possible only when test specimens of identical dimensions are used
Test standards:
ISO R117
Spec. size: 50 x 50
No. of spec: 3, Unit: %
ASTM
BS
2782
Method
50A-C
Method of testing plastics- Boiling water absorption.

DIN
53471
80
Title:
Flexural modulus of cast resins
Description:
This method is for measuring the flexural modules of the test specimen in bend at
fracture when subjected to 3 point loading.
Flexural Modulus = (P L cu)/delta 4 bd cu) in N/ sq mm
P = Load corresponding to deflection, delta,
L = Span Length (15 d to 17 d)
d = depth
b = width
Test standards:
BS 2782 Method of Testing - Plastics Cross breaking strength (Flexural strength) of
Method laminated sheet and laminating resin system
304-C
ASTM
D790-71 Test methods for flexural properties of Unreinforced ands reinforced plastics
CEN
63
DIN 53452
NF
T51-0001 Resin bending test on cured resin
81
Title:
Scratch resistance of cast resins
Description:
This test methods covers determination of the resistance to abrasion of flat surfaces of
plastic materials, measured in terms of volume loss, by 2 different types of abrasiontesting machines (loose abrasive, bonded abrasive in cloth or paper). Resistance to
abrasion is defined as the ability of a material to withstand mechanical action such as
rubbing, scraping or erosion, that ends progressively to remove material from a surface.
The measurement of resistance to abrasion of plastic material is very complex.
Test standards:
ASTM
D1242-87
Test method for resistance of plastic materials to abrasion
82
Title:
Rockwell hardness of cast resins
Description:
This test method is for testing the indentation hardness of plastics and related plastic
electrical insulating materials by means of Rockwell Hardness Tester. A rockwell
hardness number derived from the net increase in depth impression as the load on an
indenter is increased from a fixed minor load to a major load and then returned to a minor
load. Indenters are round steel bolls of specific diameters.
Test standards:
ASTM
D785 -89
Test method for rockwell hardness of plastic materials and electrical
insulating materials
Spec. size: Thickness min. 6mm, No. of spec: 5 tests
83
Title:
Bond or Cohesive strength of cast resins
Description:
This method covers the determination of the bind strength or ply adhesion strength of
sheet plastics and electrical insulating materials. It is applicable to laminated and non
laminated thermoplastic and thermosetting materials and vulcanized rubber. This test,
when applied to laminated plastics, is a measure of the interlaminar or interlaminar
strength which is smaller. When applied to nonlaminated plastics, the test is a measure of
the cohesive strength of the material.
Test standards:
ASTM
D952-84
Test method for Bond or cohesive strength of sheet plastic materials and
electrical insulating materials
Spec. size: 51 x 51 mm, No. of spec: 5
84
Title:
Bearing strength of cast resins
Description:
This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in
either sheet or moulded form. Two procedures are followed for tension and compression
loading.
Bearing area is the diameter of the hole multiplied by the thickness of specimen. The
applied load divided by the bearing area is called bearing stress. Bearing strength is
defined as the bearing stress at which ------- the bearing hole is deformed 4% of its
diameter. This bearing strength test for plastics is intended to apply in the specimen of
various thermoplastic or thermosetting products in sheet form where rivets, bolts or
similar fastenings are to be used in joining members of sections.
Test standards:
ASTM
D 953 - 87 Test method for Breaking strength of plastics
No. of spec. 5
85
Title:
Weathering under natural environment (Out door weathering) of cast resins
Description:
This practice is intended to define test conditions for the exposure of plastic material to
weather. The test may be used to evaluate the stability of plastic materials when exposed
outdoors to varied influences which comprise a weather. Exposure conditions are
complex and changeable. Important factors include climate, time of year, presence of
Industrial atmosphere and annual variation in weather.
Test standards:
ASTM
D1435 -85
Practice for out door weathering of plastics
86
Title:
Permanent effect of heat of cast resins
Description:
This practice is intended to define the conditions for testing the resistance of plastic sheet,
plastic laminated materials. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified, and not the
test methods or specimen. The effect of heat on any property may be determined by
selection of an appropriate test method and specimen. The plastic materials exposed to
heat may be subjected to many types of physical and chemical changes.
Test standards:
ASTM
D794
Practice for determining permanent effect of heat on plastics
87
Title:
Tensile modulus of composites
Description:
Tensile Modulus is the ratio of stress to corresponding strain within the range of the
greatest stress that the material is capable of sustaining without any deviation of
proportionality of stress to strain
Elastic Modules = Tensile stress/ Strain = (P/delta) x [l/(b x T) N/ mm sq
Where
P = Load corresponding the extension
L = Gauge length
b = Width
T = Thickness
Test standards:
ISO
3268-78 Plastics- Glass reinforced materials Determination of Tensile properties,
BS
2782
Method 1003
302 -D Elastic modulus
ASTM
D3379
DIN 53455
392-957
NF
T57-101
T57-301
88
Title:
Percentage elongation at break of composites
Description:
Percentage Elongation is the increase in the distance between reference lines on the
narrow parallel portion of the test specimen due to tensile load.
Percentage elongation = Elongation at break/ Gauge length x 100
Test standards:
ISO
3268-78 Plastics- Glass reinforced materials Determination of Tensile properties,
BS
2782
Method 1003
301 -C Tensile strength and elongation at break
301L
ASTM
D638 Test method for tensile properties of plastics
D3379
CN
P IN 2747
EN 61
EN 2561
GRP Tensile test

UD Laminate carbon fibre resin Tensile test
DIN 53455
392- 451
NF
T57-101
T57-301
89
Title:
Compressive modulus of composites
Description:
Compressive deformation is the change in length produced in a longitudinal section of

the test specimen by a compressive load-compressive strain is the change in length per
unit of original length. Compressive modulus is the ratio of compressive strength and
compressive strain.
Compressive modulus = compressive strength / compressive strain.
Test standards:
ISO 604 Plastics- determination of compressive properties, spec. size: 12.7 x 12.7 x
12.7,
844
8515
BS 2782
Method
303-B
Crushing strength of thermosetting sheets
ASTM
D695-89 Test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics No. spec: 2, unit
N/mm sq
DIN 53454
53463
CEN
Pr EN 2850
NF
T56-101
NF ISO 8515
GRP Compression test

Compression test on rigid foam
Compression test parallel to the plane of lay up.
90
Title:
Flexural modulus of composites
Description:
This method is for measuring the flexural modules of the test specimen in bend at
fracture when subjected to 3 point loading.
Flexural Modulus = (P L cu)/delta 4 bd cu) in N/ sq mm
P = Load corresponding to deflection ,delta,
L = Span Length (15 d to 17 d)
d = depth
b = width
Test standards:
ISO 178-75 Plastics-determination of Flexural properties of rigid materials,
BS 2782
No. spec: 5, unit: N/mm sq
Method
304-B/D/E Cross breaking strength (Flexural strength) of laminated sheet
ASTM
D790-86 Test methods for flexural properties of Unreinforced ands reinforced plastics
CEN
Pr EN 2562
EN 63
Pr EN 2746
UD laminate cast on fibre resins: flexural test

GRP: Flexural test (3 point loading)
DIN 53452
NF
T57-302
Flexural test (3 point test, CFRP)
L 17 -411 Carbon fibre resins UD Laminate flexural test
T57-105
Flexural test (3 point test, GRP)
91
Title:
Barcol hardness/ Shore D hardness of composites
Description:
This method is for determining the hardness of the specimen. In this method, a needle is
pressed into the surface of the specimens. The hardness of the specimens can be
Test standards:
ISO 2039
BS
2782
method
1001

ASTM
impression
D 1706
D1242-87
D785-89
materials.
D2240- 86 Test methods for rubber property, durometer hardness. ( shore- hardness)
EN 59
For Barcol hardness

53456
NF T57106
Hardness -barcol test
92
Title:
Dielectric strength and break down voltage of composites
Description:
This electric strength of a test specimen is defined as the maximum electric stress in K V
per mm (or) the maximum voltage which the specimen will withstand without the
occurrence of electric failure by puncture of the specimen when test is carried out. The
value obtained approximate to the voltage which would cause break down at the end of
one minute's application
Test standards:
BS
2782
Method of testing- Plastics
method
201A-G (Dielectrical strength) Spec. size: 100 x 100 mm , No. of Spec. 3
ASTM
D149 - 75 Test method for dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid
electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies
IS
EC 243
DIN 53481
93
Title:
Punching test of composites
Description:
Pierce in a single operation in a sheet of nominal thickness not exceeding 2.5 mm and
examine the pierced specimen for excessive lifting around the holes or excessive cracking
between them.
Punching test shall be carried out in accordance with recommendation of the vendor
Test standards:
IS 1998-62 Method of test for thermosetting synthetic resin bonded laminated sheets
94
Title:
Resistance to hot oil of composites
Description:
A specimen of size 75 x 75 mm sq. is immersed for 24 Hrs. in an insulating oil at a tep.

between 110 deg C. and 115 deg. C. The specimen can be examined for splitting,
blistering, disintegration, or appreciable warping.
Test standards:
IS 1998 -62 Method of test for thermosetting synthetic resin bonded laminated sheets
Spec. size: 75 x 75 mm sq
95
Title:
Electrical strength of oil (Fanwise) of composites
Description:
This test is applicable for sheet up to 5 mm in thickness. The upper electrode shall
consists of a solid cylinder of 40 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height. The lower
electrode shall be brass block of 80 mm in diameter and 25 mm in thickness. This
specimen is placed in between the electrode and the whole assembly is immersed in
insulating oil for a period of halls to one Hour at temperature of 90 +/- deg. C. An
alternative voltage of frequency of 50 +/- 5 cycles per second is applied between the
electrodes.
Test standards:
Spec. size: 100 x 100 mm sq , No. of Spec. 2
96
Title:
Electrical strength of oil (Edgewise) of composites
Description:
This test is applicable for sheets over 5 mm in thickness. The thickness of specimen shall
be that of the sheet under test. Finish the edges of specimen that are in contact with the
electrode truly as parallel plains at right angles to the surface of the material and remove
any sharp corners. Electrodes are the two metal plates (brass) of sufficient size to cover
the edges of the specimen. The specimen is placed edgewise in between 2 electrodes and
test was carried out
Test standards:
97
Title:
Insulation resistance after immersion in water of composites
Description:
This test is applicable to sheets of nominal thickness up to 25mm

3 holes are formed in the specimen. 4.5 mm brass screw, nuts and small plain washers are
assembled to form the 3 electrodes. The assembly is heated for 24 +/- 1 hour at a
temperature of 50 +/- 2 deg. C and immersed in distilled water for 25 +/- 1 hour at a
temperature between 20 & 30 deg. C. The insulation resistance between the each pair of
electrode at a potential difference of 500 +/- 50 VDC is measured
Test standards:
98
Title:
Surface break down in air after immersion in water of composites
Description:
The electrodes are consists of 2 solid brass cylinders of 400 mm long and 40 mm in
diameter. The test specimen is immersed in a distilled water maintained at 20 +/- 2 deg.
C. 18 hrs. The test specimen shall be supported in an insulating block atleast 75mm above
any earthed body. The electrode shall be placed with the flat surface in contact with 1
surface of specimen. The distinct between the nearest edges of the two electrodes shall be
25 mm.
Test standards:
99
Title:
Rail shear test of composites
Description:
In the rail shear test, a laminate sheet of thickness 'e' and length 'l' is bolted on both sides
of the fixed rails. The jig + specimen is loaded until shearing occurs.
Shear stress = Fmax/ (2l x e)
Test standards:
ASTM
D 4255 Rail shear Test
Unit: N/mm sq
100
Title:
Skin core bonding of composites sandwich structures
Description:
This test is to assess the adherence of the laminated skin to the honeycomb core, but it
can be used to with any other kind of core. A square can be cut off from the sandwich for
testing. The test specimen is mounted in a jig which automatically ensures that the load is
perpendicular to the block. It is then strained slowly (speed-1 mm per min) until it breaks
under load, Fr.
The adhesive stress between the skin and core, sigma = Fr/ S
where S = surface area
This test gives useful information on the capacity of the adhesive to withstand local
buckling.
Test standards:
NF
L 17- 452 Resistance to transverse tension
Spec. Size : 50 x 50 mm sq. Unit : N/ mm sq
101
Title:
Peeling test of composites sandwich structures
Description:
Peeling occurs when resistance of adhesives is inadequate. The standard was developed
to asses the adherence of the skin to a honeycomb core but it van be useful any other type
of comp. The test piece is a rectangular cut off from sandwich structure. Part of one of
skins extends beyond the core to the allow the stressing force to be applied. The torque
(Cp) needed to detach the skin and wind it around the drum is measured during the test.
The peeling force (Fp) is expressed in newtens and resistance of the skin to peeling is the
torque (Cp) per unit width of the test piece.
Peeling force Fp = Fr- Fo
Peeling torque Cp = Fp x (Ro - Ri) /b
Fr = Average force to be applied
Fo = Force required to move the drum
Test standards:
NF
L 17- 455 Peeling test
Spec. size: Rectangular Spec.,
102
Title:
FRP doors of FRP products
Description:
No. of spec: 5,
Unit: N/mm
The door shutters are subjected to the following test in the order given below. (1)
Dimensions and defects of squareness test (2) General flatness test (3) Local planeless
Test (4) Impact Indention Test (5) Flexure Test (6) Edge loading Test (7) Shock resistance
Test (8) Buckling test (9) Misuse Test (10) Slamming Test (11) Screw holding power Test
(12) Varying humidity test (13) Differential humidity test (14) Knife test (15) Glue
adhesion test (16) End immersion test.
The tests shall be carried in the order mentioned above for each door unless the door gets
spoiled in the course of tests.
If internal damage is noted after all the test have be done, the door shutter shall be
considered as unsatisfactory
Test standards:
IS 4020 - 94 Door shutters - Method of tests
11246
103
Title:
Flammability UL-94 HB Test
Description:
A 25 +/- 1 mm wide specimen having length more than 100m is cut from the material. A
mark is made at 100 +/- 1 mm from one end. The specimen is clamped with its length
horizontal out side the 100mm mark and with its width inclined 45 +/- 2 deg. from
horizontal. A flame is brought at the free end for burning this specimen. The burning rate
or self extinguishing property
The burning rate is determined in mm / min.
Test standards:
104
Title:
Contact Micro-radiography (CMR) test
Description:
It is a non-destructive testing (NDT) in which an X-ray radiograph showing the fibre

pattern will be obtained. A Muller (W Germany) X-ray unit, rating 200 KV and 5 ml
amperes is used for the Test. The X-ray radiographs are taken by operating the unit at the
voltage and mA ratings suitable for the particular composites. For eg:- Glass filled
thermoplastics can be tested at 50 KV and 4.5 mA. The X-ray film NDT 65 made by
Hindustan Phot Films Manufacturing Co. India can be used. The film can be exposed for
90 seconds to an uncollimated, unfiltered beam of X-rays. The films are subsequently
processed which can be examined using an X-ray viewer. The fibre distribution with in
the composite can be clearly seen on the film.
Test standards:

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1

Surface density of fabrics size: 30 x 30 cm No. of Spec: 3 Unit:

Surface density of fabrics 30 x 30 cm 3 gsm

NF 130 18892 Linear Density of yarn / Glass fibre Tex

This method covers the determination of shrinkage characteristics of various

Acid value of liquid resin

Hydroxyl number of liquid resins

Epoxide value of epoxy resins (of Liquid Resins)

Gel time of liquid resins

Chemical / Corrosion resistance of cast resins

Resistance of water and chemical liquids

Heat deflection temperature of cast resins

Coefficient of thermal expansion of cast resins

Flammability of cast resins

Tensile strength of cast resins

Tensile modulus of cast resins

Percentage elongation at break of cast resins

Compressive strength of cast resins

Flexural strength = 3/2 , WL/ bd sq N/mm sq

Resin - bending test in cured resins

Method of testing - Plastics

Spec. size: 25 x 27 No. speci:

No. speci: 5 , Unit : N/m sq

Method of testing - Plastics

Spec. size: 25 x 27 No.

Method of testing of plastics

Resin impact test in cured resins

Method of testing plastics

Test method for resistance of plastics materials to abrasion.

Test method for rockwell hardness of plastic and electrical insulatory

For Barcol hardness

DIN 53505 (for shore hardness)

Hardness -barcol test

Surface resistivity (log 10 ohms) = log 10 (2piRs)/ [log e (D/d)]

Unit: log10 ohms

Test methods for D-C resistance or conductance of insulating materials

A = Area of upper outer electrode in sq cm

Unit: log10 ohms

Test methods for D-C resistance or conductance of insulating materials

1. The temperature at which a thermoplastic material attains a defined degree of flow

Method of testing - Plastics

Determination of loss on ignition

GRP, Glass fibre reinforced plastics: water content.

Heats of fusion and crystallization of polymers by technical analysis.

This is for determining the relative flammability characteristics of small specimens of

This is for determining the relative flammability characteristics of small specimens of

Incandescence resistance of rigid plastics in a horizontal position.

Test method for tensile properties of plastics

GRP tensile test

UD laminate cast on fibre resins: flexural test

Compressive strength is defined as the maximum compressive stress carried by the

Method of Testing - Plastics

No. spec: 2, unit N/mm sq

Crushing strength of thermosetting sheets

No. spec: 2, unit N/mm sq

Compression test on rigid form

Compression test parallel to flame of lay -up (GRP)

Lap shear strength of laminate

Carbon fibre resin UD laminates: Interlaminar shear strength

Method of testing of plastics

Impact strength(Charpy) test

Method of testing plastics

Test method for resistance of plastics materials to abrasion.

Test method for rockwell hardness of plastic and electrical insulatory