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PARTNERSHIP
Partnership: If more than two persons venture into a business, then it is called
Partnership.
When capitals of all the partners are invested for the same period, then the gain or
loss is divided among the partners in the ratio of investments.
If P, Q, R rupees are the investments of three partners A, B, C for the same period.
Profit of A = Profit P / (P + Q + R)
Profit of B = Profit Q / (P + Q + R)
Profit of C = Profit R / (P + Q + R)
The above is known as simple partnership.
When capitals of the partners are invested in different periods, then the profit
is divided in the ratio of the products of time and capital.
Let Rs P, Q, R be the investments of three partners A, B, C the periods being
12 months, 8 months and 7months (Here the second partner joins after 4 months
with Rs. Q and the third after 5 months with Rs. R.
Ratio of capitals = P 12 : Q 8 : R : 7 = r : s : t
Profit of A = P 12

r
(r s t)

Profit of B = Q 8

s
(r s t)

Profit of C = R 7

t
(r s t)

This is called compound partnership

Let us consider the following example
Partner
A

Capital
P

Period (Months)
12

Q Q

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Ratio of capitals = (P 12) : (Q 7 + (Q Q) 5) : R B

= r : s : t (say)
Profit of A = (P 12)

r
etc.
(r s t)

EXAMPLES:
1. Three partners A, B and C start a business with Rs. 35000, Rs.40000, Rs.30000.
If the net profit after an year is 21,000, what is the profit of B?
Ratio of Capitals = 7: 8: 6
Sum = 21
Profit of B = 21000

8
= Rs.8000
21

2. A and B jointly invest Rs.9000 and Rs.10500. After 4 months C joins with
Rs.12500 and B withdraws Rs.2000. At the end of the year, the profit was
Rs.4770. Find the share of each.
Ratio of capitals = (9000 12): (10500 4 + 8500 8): (12500 8)
= 54: 55: 50
Sum = 159
Profit of A = 4770

54
1620 etc.
159

3. A and B enter into a partnership with capitals in the ratio 4 : 5. After three
months, A withdraws

1
1
and B withdraws
of their capital. The profit was
4
5

Rs.76000 at the end of 10 months. Find their shares of profit.

Money withdrawn by A after three months = 4

1
= Rs.1
4

Money withdrawn by B in the same month = 5

1
= Rs.1
5

A invested Rs.4 for three months and Rs.3 for 7 months

B invested Rs.5 for three months and Rs.4 for 7 months.
Ratio of their capitals = (4 3 + 3 7) : (5 3 + 4 7)
= 33 : 43; Sum = 76
As share = 76000

33
= Rs.33000
76
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Bs share = 76000

43
= Rs.43000
76

4. The ratio of investments of two partners A and B is 11: 12 and the ratio of their
profits is 2: 3. If A invested his capital for 8 months, for what period B invested?
Let A invest Rs.11 for 8 months
Let B invest Rs.12 for x months
Capital ratios = 88: 12x

88
2

12x
3
x = 11
5. A, B and C are three partners in a business. If As capital is twice that of B and
Bs capital is thrice that of C, find the ratio of their profits.
Let Cs capital = x
Profit ratio = 6: 3: 1

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AVERAGE

Average

Sum of all quantities

Number of quantities

EXAMPLES:
1. The average age of 30 kids is 9 years. If the teachers age is included, the
average age becomes 10 years. What is the teachers age?
Total age of 30 children = 30 9 = 270 yrs.
Average age of 30 children and 1 teacher = 10 yrs
Total of their ages = 31 10 = 310 yrs
Teachers age = 310 270 = 40
2. The average of 6 numbers is 8. What is the 7 th number, so that the average
becomes 10?
Let x be the 7th number
Total of 6 numbers = 6 8 = 48
We are given that =

48 x
10 x = 22
7

3. Five years ago, the average of Raja and Ranis ages was 20 yrs. Now the average
age of Raja, Rani and Rama is 30 yrs. What will be Ramas age 10 yrs hence?
Total age of Raja and Rani 5 years age = 40
Total age of Raja and Rani now = 40 + 5 + 5 = 50
Total age of Raja, Rani and Rama now = 90
Ramas age now = 90 50 = 40
Ramas age after 10 years = 50
4. Out of three numbers, the first is twice the second and thrice the third. If their
average is 88, find the numbers.
Third number = x (say)
First number = 3x
Second number =
Total = x 3x

3x
2

3x
2
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Average =
i.e.,

x
3
(1 3 ) 88 (given)
3
2

x 11

88
3 2

x = 48
48, 144, 72 are the numbers.
5. The average of 8 numbers is 21. Find the average of new set of numbers when 8
multiply every number.
Total of 8 numbers = 168
Total of new 8 numbers = 168 8 = 1344
Average of new set =

1344
168
8

6. The average of 30 innings of a batsman is 20 and other 20 innings is 30. What is

the average of all the innings?
Total of 50 innings = (30 20 + 20 30) = 1200
Average =

1200
24
50

Average Speed:
If an object covers equal distances at x km/hr and y km/hr, then
Average Speed =

2xy
xy

In another way,
Average speed =

Distance
Total time

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EXAMPLES:
1. A cyclist travels to reach a post at a speed of 15 km/hr and returns back at the
rate of 10km/hr. What is the average speed of the cyclist?
Average Speed =

2 15 10
= 12 km/hr.
25

2. With an average speed of 40 km/hr, a train reaches its destination in time. If it

goes with an average speed of 35 km/hr, it is late by 15 minutes. What is the
total distance?
Let x be the total distance

x
x
1

35 40 4
x = 70 km

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