DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

-major markers of growth and devt

1. Period of infancy- universal language of child-play
a.) Play- Infancy- solitary plays
-solo, mom interactive
-facilitate motor and sensory devt
-safety- important age appropriate
solitary play- mobile, teeter, music box, rattle
a.) fear of infancy- stranger anxiety begin 6-7 months peak 8 months diminishes 9 months
1 month- dance reflex disappears looks at mobile
2 months- holds head up when in prone,
social smile,
baby coos doing sound
cry with tears
-closure of frontal fontanel 2-3 months
head lag when pulled to sitting position.
3 months- holds head and chest up when prone
follows obj. past midline
grasp and tonic neck reflex fading
hand regard (looks at hand)
4 months turns form front to back
head control complete
needs space to turn
Laugh aloud, bubbling sounds
5 months- turn both ways roll over
-teething rings
-handles rattle well
-moro reflex disappears ( 4-5 months)
6 months- reaches out in anticipatory of being picked up
-sits with support
-uses palmar grasp
-eruption of 1st temp teeth 6-8 months 2 lower incisors
-say vowel sounds ah, oh
-handles bottle well
7 months- transfer obj. hand to hand
-likes obj that are good size
8 months- sits without support
-peak of stranger anxiety
-planters reflex disappears 8-9 months in prep for walking
9 months - creeps or crawls
-neat finger grasp reflex
- combine 2 syllables mama and papa
- needs space for creeping
10 months pull self to stand
-understands no
-responds to own name
-peak a boo, pat a cake

-can clap
11 months- cruisse
- stands with assistance
12 months- stand alone take 1st step
-walk with assistance
-drink from cup, cooperate in dressing
-says 2 words mama and dada
-pots and pans, pull tay, nursery rhymes

Toddler- parallel play- 2 toddlers playing separately

-provide with similar toys
-squeaky frog to squeeze
waddling duck to pull
trucks to push-push pull toy
building blocks, pounding peg
toys to ride on
fear- separation anxiety
begin 9 months
peak 18 months
3 phases of separation anxiety (in order)
1. P- protect
2. d despair
3. d- denial
-dont prolong goodbye
-say goodbye firmly to develop trust- say when ul be back

15 months plateau stage

walks alone
lateness in walking- mild mental retardation
-puts small pellets into small bowl
-holds spoon well
- seats self on chair
-creeps up stairs
- 4 - 6 words
18 months- height of possessiveness
favorite word- mine
bowel control achieved (bowel 1st before bladder)
-no longer rotates spoon
-can run and jump in place
walks up and down stairs holding railing or persons hand
-1-20 words
-name, body part
-puts both feet on 1 step before advancing.
24 months- terrible two
-can open doors by turning door knobs

-unscrew lids
-can walk upstairs alone using both feet on same step at same time
-50-200 words ( 2 words sentences)
-daytime bladder control achieved ( daytime 1st- next nighttime bladder control)
30 months or 2 years makes simple lines or stroke for crosses with a pencil
-can jump down from chairs
-knows full name
- copy a circle
- holds up finger to show age
- temp teeth complete
post molar- last temp teeth to appear
how many deciduous teeth -20
beginning of toothbrush 2-2 yrs
tooth brushing with little assistance 3 yrs
tooth brushing alone 6 yrs
right time to bring to dentist- when temp teeth complete
36 months or 3 yrs- trusting 3
- unbutton buttons (unbutton before learn to button)
-draw a +
- learns how to share
-knows full name and sex (gender identity)
- speaks fluently
-nighttime bladder control
-300-900 words
-ride a tricycle
Characteristic Traits of toddler
negativistic- NO! -way to search for independence
limit questions
modify questions to a statement
2.) rigid, ritualistic and stereotype
ritualism- for mastering
3.)Temper tantrums- head banging, screaming, stamping feet, holds breath
ignore behavior
scaffoid abdominal-due to underdeveloped abdominal muscles
physiologic anorexia- due to preoccupation with environment- food jag that last for short
period of time
loves rough and tumbling play
loves toilet trainingfailure of toilet training- unreadiness
Clues of toilet readiness:
1.) can stand, squat walk alone
2.) can communicate toilet needs
3.) can maintain dry for 2 hours
Pre schoolers- associative or cooperative play
1.) bahay-bahayan play house
2.) role playing
3.) fear-body mutilation or castration
fear of dark places witches
fear of thunder and lightning
fear of ghosts

Milestones
4years old- furious 4 , noisy, aggressive, stormy
-can button buttons
-copy a square
-jumps and skips
-laces shoes
-vocabulary 1,500
-knows four basic colors
5 years old- frustrating 5
-copy a triangle
-draw a 6 part man
-imaginary playmates
-2,100 words
Character Traits of Pre-schooler:
1.) curious, creative imaginative, imitative
2.) 2. favorite words- why and how
3.) complexes- word identification to parent of same sex and attachment to parent of opposite sex
ex. Oedipal complex- boy to mom
Electra complex- girl to dad
Cause of incest marital discord
Death-sleep only
Behavior problems Preschool
1.
2.
3.
4.

telling tall tales-over imagination

imaginary friend- to release tension and anxieties
sibling rivalry- jealousy to newly delivered baby.
regression- going back to early stage
-thumb sucking (should be oral stage only)
-baby talk
-bed wetting
-fetal position
5. masturbation- sign of boredom
-divert attention- offer a toy
School Age
Play- competitive play
Ex. Tug of war, track and field, basket ball
Fear. 1.) school phobia
-orient to new environment
2.) displacement from school
-teacher and peer of same sex
3. loss of privacy
-wants bra
4.) fear of death
-7-9yrs death is personified
-death- permanent loss of life
Significant Development
a. boys- prone to bone fracture

b.

mature vision 20/20

6 years- temp teeth begin to fall

perm teeth appear- 1st molar
1st temp teeth- 5 months
1st perm teeth- 6 yrs
-yr of constant motion
clensy mout
recognize all shapes
-1st grade teacher becomes authority figure
-nail biting
-begin interest in God.
7 yrs- assimilation age
-copy a diamond
-enjoys teasing and playing alone
-quieting down period
8 yrs- expansive age
-smoother mouth
-loves to collect objects
-count backwards
9 yrs coordination improves
-tells time correctly
-hero worship
-stealing and lying are common
-takes care of body needs completely
-teacher finds this group difficult to handle
10 yrs- age of special talent
-writes legibly
-ready for competitive games
-more considerate and cooperative
-joins orgs.
-well mannered with adult
-critical of adults
11-12 yrs pre adolescents
-full of energy and constantly active
-secret language are common
-share with friends secrets
-sense of humor present
-social and cooperative
Character Traits School Age
1. industrious2. modest
3. cant bear to lose- will cheat
4. love collections- stamps
Signs of sexual maturity
GIRLS:
I-inc size breast and genitalia (pelarche- 1st sign sexual mat.
W- widening of hips
A- appearance axillary, pubic ( adrenarch)

M- menarche- last sign sexual mat. Girls

BOYS:
A-appearance axillary, pubic hair ( 1st sign sexual mat)
D-deepening voice
D- development of muscles
I--inc in testes and penis size
P- prod of viable sperm ( last sign sexual maturity)
Adolescent
Fear
1. obesity
2. acne
3. homosexuality
4. death
5. replacement from friends
6. significant person- opp sex.
Significant devt
1. experiences conflict bet his needs for sexual satisfaction and societies expectation
2. change of body image and acceptance of opp/sex
3. nocturnal emission wet dreams
4. distinctive odor- due to stimulation apocrine glands
5. sperm is viable by 17 yrs
6. testes & scrotum increase until age 17
7. breast and female genitalia increase until age 18
Personality Traits Adolescents
idealistic
rebellious
reformers
conscious with body image
adventuresome
Problems:
1. vehicular accident
2. smoking
3. alcoholism
4. drug addiction
pre marital sex