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Measuring Instruments
Measuring Instruments
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Principle of operations
Electromagnetic the magnetic effects of currents
Electrostatics forces between electrically-charged conductors.
Electrothermic the heating effect of the material.
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
The permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) is the most
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
The PMMC instrument consists of a permanent magnet, a
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
An ammeter is the instrument that measures the current in a
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
This connection is called shunts. Thus a multirange ammeter
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
A DC voltmeter is constructed by connecting a resistor in
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
A moving iron instrument is a type of electromagnetic
instrument.
This instrument measures the AC voltage and current.
The movable system consist of one or more pieces of
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Construction of moving-iron instrument
Moving element: a small piece of soft iron in the form of a
vane or rod
Coil: to produce the magnetic field due to current flowing
through it and also to magnetize the iron pieces.
In repulsion type, a fixed vane or rod is also used and
magnetized with the same polarity.
Control torque is provided by spring or weight (gravity)
Damping torque is normally pneumatic, the damping
device consisting of an air chamber and a moving vane
attached to the instrument spindle.
Deflecting torque produces a movement on an aluminum
pointer over a graduated scale.
DC AC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Repulsion Type
Attraction Type
ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
Electrodynamic type instruments are similar to the PMMC-
ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
This type of instruments can be used to measure AC or DC
current or voltage.
However, the major application of this instrument is as the
components
(a) Driving system (b) Moving system (c) Braking system and
(d) Registering system.