Crime psychology and statistics

Crime is an act which is deemed as unlawful as per a countrys

constitution. With the development of our mind, our conscience
also developed which established intuition to protect our
harmony from the ones who seek differently. It is just a matter
of majority deemed as ethical who seek a liability of a social
demeanour by a society by which they can have harmony and
peace. Those commit crime, who are defiant and in carnage
their needs differently. People would generally adopt this
convention which dictates their social demeanour but still there
are few outlaws, that is they defy these conventions. An
individual may adopt methods discarded by society if the pros
of the crime outdo the cons. Although it should not be so
simple, Anthropologists have defined a numerous theories to
understand the psychology of a criminal, this is called
criminology. Few of some famous theories are labelling theory,
Strain theory, Social control theory these may go under
different names in different contexts. An individual may not be
able to make a rational choice because of different reasons like
they had failure, jealousy, hold grudges, indifferent experiences
in life, society deemed him before his sins as a sinner etc.
As a society we would like to maintain order and there is
increase in these misconduct of codes. Nations with the most
reported number of crimes are United States of America with
12,408,899 cases, Germany had 2,112,843, France reported
1,172,547and Russian Federation 1,041,340 cases these
number can be misleading saying that US has 317,831,000
citizens the third highest population by a country in the world
compared Germanys 80,716,000 who is 16 th in the tally, so we
use different quantities to rate a countrys safety. A crime rate
is defined as number of crime committed per the number of
people living in area under seize in an interval of time, usually
per 1000 people in an interval of 1 year. The countries with
highest crime index are Afghanistan with a crime index of

82.51, Venezuela with 81.50. Some other countries are US with

50.15, Russia 52.67, Australia 41.23 and India with 43.70.
Countries with lower crime index are Switzerland 31.79, Japan
18.10, South Korea 16.35 and Malta with crime index of 14.17.
Another measure is homicide rate, India has a homicide rate of
3.5, while in this crime the list is topped by the African,
Caribbean and central American countries like Honduras with
61.3, Jamaica with 59.5 and Cote dIvoire with 56.9.
The crime in India has shown a mixed evolvement of crime
pattern over last few decades, genres of crimes like that
burglary declined over a period of 53 years by 79.84% from
147,379, a rate of 39.3/100,000 in 1953 to 91,666, a rate of
7.9/100,000 in 2006, murder has increased by 7.39% from
9,803, a rate of 2.61 in 1953 to 32,481, a rate of 2.81/100,000
in 2006. Kidnapping has increased by 47.80% from 5,261, a
rate of 1.40/100,000 in 1953 to 23,991, a rate of 2.07/100,000
in 2006, robbery has declined by 28.85% from 8,407, rate of
2.24/100,000 in 1953 to 18,456, rate of 18,456 in 2006 and
riots have declined by 10.58% from 20,529, a rate of
5.47/100,000 in 1953 to 56,641, a rate of 4.90/100,000 in
2006.
In 2006, 5,102,460 cognisable crimes were committed
including 1,878,293 Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes and
3,224,167 Special and Local Laws (SLL) crimes, with an
increase of 1.5% over 2005 (50,26,337). IPC crime rate in 2006
was 167.7 compared to 165.3 in 2005 showing an increase of
1.5% in 2006 over 2005. SLL crime rate in 2006 was 287.9
compared to 290.5 in 2005 showing a decline of 0.9% in 2006
over 2005.
Vague crimes in India are still practised as a repercussion of
poor law enforcement. The most common crimes are rape,
dowry Female infanticides and sex selective abortions,
domestic violence, Illegal drug trade etc. The latest cult being
the scams, there are over 200 scam cases registered in India.
The most notorious scam being 2G spectrum scam in

November 2008 reported nearly a scam of 176,000 crore

rupees. Some other scams are CWG scam in August 2010 worth
8,000 crore rupees, IPL scam a 1,200 crore rupees scam. To
sum up there has been scam of about 9,106,032 crore rupees.
Analysing the crimes territory wise the hot zones are
megacities, UP and Bihar. In 2006, the highest crime rate was
reported in Pondicherry had 447.7% for crimes under Indian
Penal Code which is 2.7 times the national crime rate of
167.7%. Kerala reported the highest crime rate at 312.5%
among states. Kolkata with 71.0% and Madurai with 206.2%
were the only two mega cities which reported less crime rate
than their domain states West Bengal with 79.0% and Tamil
Nadu with 227.6%. Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore have
accounted for 16.2%, 9.5% and 8.1% respectively of the total
IPC crimes reported from 35 mega cities. Indore reported the
highest crime rate of 769.1% among the mega cities in India
followed by Bhopal 719.5% and Jaipur 597.1%. To say the least
the circumstances calls for desperate action against these
crimes.
Indian Criminal Laws are divided into three major acts i.e.
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and
Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Besides these major acts, special
Criminal Laws are also passed by Indian Parliament i.e. NDPS,
Prevention of Corruption Act, Food Adulteration Act, Dowry
Prevention Act, Commission of Sati Act etc. thousands of minor
laws are made in India.

Bibliography

Times of India
Wikipedia
Economic Times