Department of Mathematics

MT3073 Engineering Statistics

Assignment 04

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University

Islamabad Campus

Fall 2015
Probability I

Q1. A list of important customers contains 25 names. Among them 20 persons have their accounts
in good standing while 5 are delinquent. Two persons will be selected at random from this list and the
status of their accounts checked. Calculate the probability that:
(a) Both accounts are delinquent.
(b) One account is delinquent and the other is in good standing.
Ans: a) 0.033 b) 0.333
Q2. A group of executives is classified according to the status of body weight and incidence of
hypertension. The proportions in the various categories appear in the table below.

(a) What is the probability that a person selected at random from this group will have
hypertension?
(b) A person, selected at random from this Group, is found to be overweight. What is the
probability that this person is also hypertensive?
Ans: a) 0.20
b) 0.40
Q3.

Refer to Q2: Are the two events A :[hypertensive] & B :[overweight] independent?
Ans: No

Q4. Engineers use the term "reliability" as an alternative name for the probability that a device
does not fail. Suppose a mechanical system consists of two components that function independently.
From extensive testing it is known that component t has reliability .98 and component 2 has reliability
.95.
If the system can function only if both components function, what is the reliability of the
system?
Ans: 0.931
Q5. Suppose a different system is constructed with the two components mentioned in Q4.
Functioning of any one component is sufficient for this system to function. What is the reliability of
this system?
Ans: 0.999

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Dr. Rashid Ali

Department of Mathematics

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University

Islamabad Campus

Q6. In a shipment of 15 room air conditioners, there are 4 with defective thermostats. Two air
conditioners will be selected at random and inspected one after another. Find the probability that:
(a) The first is defective.
(b) The first is defective and the second good.
(c) Both are defective.
(d) The second one is defective.
(e) Exactly one is defective.
Q7. Refer to Q6: Now suppose three air conditioners will be selected at random and checked one
after another. Find the probability that:
(a) All three are good.
(b) The first two are good
(c) Two are good and one defective.
Ans: (a) 0.363, (b) 0.161, (c) 0.484
Q8. For customers purchasing a refrigerator at a certain appliance store, let A be the event that the
refrigerator was manufactured in the U.S., B be the event that the refrigerator had an icemaker, and C
be the event that the customer purchased an extended warranty. Relevant probabilities are.
P(A) = 0.75, P(B|A) = 0.9, P(B|A') = 0.8
P(C|A B) = 0.8, P(C|A B') = 0.6
P(C|A' B) = 0.7, P(C|A' B') = 0.3
a) Construct a tree diagram consisting of first, second, and third-generation branches and
place an event label and appropriate probability next to each branch.
b) Compute P(A BC).
c) Compute P(BC).
d) Compute P(C).
e) Compute P(A|BC), the probability of a U.S. purchase given that an icemaker and
extended warranty are also purchased.
Q9. The three major options on a certain type of new car are an automatic transmission (A), a
sunroof (B), and a stereo with compact disc player (C). If 70% of all purchasers request A, 80%
request B, 75% request C, 85% request A or B, 90% request A or C, 95% request B or C, and 98%
request A or B or C, compute the probabilities of the following events.
[Hint: A or B is the event that at least one of the two options is requested; try drawing a Venn
diagram and labeling all regions.]
a) The next purchaser will request at least one of the three options.
b) The next purchaser will select none of the three options.
c) The next purchaser will request only an automatic transmission and not either of the other
two options.
d) The next purchaser will select exactly one of these three options.

Completion Date: November 30, 2015

Good Luck
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Dr. Rashid Ali