2.

41 The Aerokopter AK1-3 is an ultra-lightweight manned kit helicopter with a high

rotor tip speed. A sample of 8 measurements of speed, in meters per second, yielded

204 208 205 211 207 201 201 203

Find the mean and quartiles for this sample.

2.47 Use the distribution obtained in Exercise 2.10 on page 32 to find the mean and
the variance of the nanopillar diameters.

2.51 Show that the computing formula for s^2 on page 44 is equivalent to the one
used to define s^2 on page 37.

2.57 The formula for the preceding exercise is a special case of the following formula
for the weighted mean:

Where wi is a weight indicating the relative importance of the ith observation.

(a) If an instructor counts the final examination in a course four times as much as
each 1-hour examination, what is the weighted average grade of a student who
received grades of 69,75,56, and 72 in four 1-hour examinations and a final
examination grade of 78?
(b) From 2010 to 2015, the cost of food in a certain city increased by 60%, the cost of
housing increased by 30%, and the cost of transportation increased by 40%. If the
 average salaried worker spent 24% of his or her income on food, 33% on housing,
and 15% on transportation, what is the combined percentage increase in the
total cost of these items.

2.67 A. A. Michelson (1852-1931) made many series of measurements of the

speed of light. Using a revolving mirror technique, he obtained

12 30 30 27 30 39 18 27 48 24 18
With reference to Exercise 2.66,
(a) find the quartiles;
(b) find the minimun, maximum, range, and interquartile range;
(c) create a boxplot.

2.73 During the laying of gas pipelines, the depth of the pipeline (in mm) must be
controlled. One service provider recorded depths of

418 428 431 420 412 425 423

433 417 420 410 431 429 425
(a) Find the sample mean.
(b) Find the sample standard deviation.
(c) Find the coefficient of variation.
(d) Measurements by another service provider have a sample mean of 425 and
standard deviation of 6.36 Which provider’s set of measurements is relatively
more variable?
3.17 Students are offered three cooperative training programs at local companies
and four training programs outside the state. Count the number of possible training
opportunities if an opportunity consists of training at
(a) one local company or one company outside of the state.
(b) one local company and one company outside of the state.

3.19 An Engineers Association consists of 5 civil engineers and 5 mechanical

engineers.
(a) In how many ways can a committee of 3 civil engineers and 2 mechanical
engineers be appointed?
(b) If 2 civil engineers disagree with each other and refuse to be on the same
committee together, how many different ways can a committee of 3 civil engineers
and 2 mechanical engineers be formed?

3.21 In how many ordered ways can a television director schedule 6 different
commercials during the 6 time slots allocated to commercials during the telecast of
the first period of a hockey game?
3.25 A box of 15 spark plugs contains one that is defective. In how many ways can 4
spark plugs be selected so that
(a) the defective one is selected;
(b) the defective plug is not selected?

3.27 An engineering student has 6 different ball bearings and 9 different gears. In
how many ways can 3 ball bearings and 3 gears be selected for an experiment on
friction in machine parts?

3.31 A car rental agency has 19 compact cars and 12 intermediate-size cars. If four of
the cars are randomly selected for a safety check, what is the probability of getting
two of each kind?

3.37 With reference to Exercise 3.7, suppose that each point (i , j) of the sample
space is assigned the probability

(a) Verify that this assignment of probabilities is permissible.

(b) Find the probabilities of events X, Y, and Z described in part (b) of that exercise.
(c) Find the probabilities that two, three, or four of the supervisors will be present
on the site.
3.65 Among 50 students enrolled in a college, 40 had applied for civil engineering
and 10 had applied for mechanical engineering. If two students have been enrolled in
software engineering by mistake, and the’’selection’’ is random, what are the
probabilities that
(a) both had applied for civil engineering;
(b) both had applied for mechanical engineering;
(c) one had applied for civil engineering and one had applied for mechanical
engineering?

3.75 Refer to the example on page 84 but suppose the manufacturer has difficulty
getting enough LED screens. Because of the shortage, the manufacturer had to
obtain 40% of the screens from the second supplier and 15% from the third supplier.
Find the
(a) probability that a LED screen will meet specifications.
(b) probability that a LED screen that meets specifications, was sent by the second
supplier.
3.79 Engineers in charge of maintaining our nuclear fleet must continually check for
corrosion inside the pipes that are part of the cooling systems. The inside condition
of the pipes cannot be observed directly but a nondestructive test can give an
indication of possible corrosion. This test is not infallible. The test has probability 0.7
of detecting corrosion when it is present but it also has probability 0.2 of falsely
indicating internal corrosion. Suppose the probability that any section of pipe has
internal corrosion is 0.1.
(a) Determine the probability that a section of pipe has internal corrosion, given that
test indicates its presence.
(b) Determine the probability that a section of pipe has internal corrosion, given that
the test is negative.

3.97 An explosion in an LNG storage tank in the process of being repaired could have
occurred as the result of static electricity, malfunctioning electrical equipment, an
open flame in contact with the liner. Or purposeful action (industrial sabotage).
Interviews with engineers who were analyzing the risks involved led to estimates that
such a explosion would occur with probability 0.25 as a result of static electricity,
0.20 as a result of malfunctioning electric equipment, 0.40 as a result of an open
flame, and 0.75 as a result of purposeful action. These interviews also yielded
subjective estimates of the prior probabilities of these four causes of 0.30, 0.40, 0.15,
and 0.15, respectively. What was the most likely cause of the explosion?
3.99 Amy commutes to work by two different routes A and B. If she comes home by
route A, then she will be home no later than 6 P.M. with probability 0.8, but she
comes home by route B, then she will be home no later than 6 P.M. with probability
0.7. In the past, the proportion of times that Amy chose route A is 0.4.
(a) What proportion of times is Amy home no later than 6 P.M. ?
(b) If Amy is home after 6 P.M. today, what is the probability that she took route B?

4.5 Given that f(x)=k/2^x is a probability distribution for a random variable that can
take on the values x= 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, find k.

4.19 A milk processing unit claims that, of the processed milk converted to powdered
milk, 95% does not spoil. Find the probabilities that among 15 samples of powdered
milk
(a) all 15 will not spoil;
(b) at most 12 will not spoil;
(c) at least 9 will not spoil.
4.25 A maker of specialized instruments receives shipments of 24 circuit boards.
Suppose one shipment contains 4 that are defective. An engineer selects a random
sample of size 4. What are the probabilities that the sample will contain
(a) 0 defective circuit boards?
(b) 1 defective circuit board?
(c) 2 or more defective circuit boards?