INDUSTRIAL SAFETY &

HEALTH
CKB 30103

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, you will be able to;
1.

Understand the definition of hazard.

2.

Understand the definition of accident.

3.

Understand the definition of risk.

4.

Identify the hazard and its type (specific & class)

Process Plant Disaster

SKIKDA, ALGERIA
19

January 2004 at 6.40 pm

Explosion

at LNG plant ( 6 trains)

Damage

almost the whole plant facilities

Affect

to human being

27 death

72 injured

7 missing

Effect

to the surrounding/neighbouring area:-

Damaged of Power station

Refinery on fire and need to be close.

SKIKDA, ALGERIA
4

SKIKDA, ALGERIA
5

PORT KEMBLA, NSW,

AUSTRALIA
28

January 2004

Ethanol

on fire

storage tank

(7 millions litre)
One

worker injured

GHISLENGHEN, BELGIUM
30

July 2004. 9.00 am

Gas pipeline exploded.
Effect to human being
18 death
120 injured

03 December 1984
BHOPAL, INDIA
Union Carbide Plant
Southern part of India at Madhya Pradesh
Plant manufactured pesticide, in operation
since 1969
Methyl Isocyanate(MIC) immediate product

Leakage at MIC storage tank

25 tonnes metyl isocyanate were released.
Effect to human being
2000 death
20,000 injured
Effect to environment / surrounding
No damage to plant facilities.

HISTORY PROCESS PLANT DISASTER

Flixboro,

UK

June

1974

Nypro

Limited

Cyclohexane

as raw material

Plant

capacity 70,000 ton/year

cyprolactam

reactors

Leakage

at reactor 5 caused
release of 30 tonnes of hazardous
materials.
9

FLIXBORO, UK

Effect to human being

28

death

36

injured

Damage

lots

55

1821 houses and 167 shop

public were injured.

10

LATEST INDUSTRIAL DISASTER

Food Industry: Dust

Explosion at Imperial Sugar
in Port Wentworth Georgia,
United States.
Losses: Thirteen people were
killed and 42 injured

Chemical Plant : Explosion

at West Fertilizer Company
in West Texas

Losses: At least 14 people

were killed, more than 160
were injured and more than
150 buildings were damaged
or destroyed.

Date: 17.4.2013

Date: 7.2.2008

11

CHEMICAL TANKER EXPLODES OFF

MALAYSIA
The Bunga Alpina
ablaze in Labuan,
Malaysia

12

Hazard :
Any sources, situations or acts
with a potential for harm in
terms of human injury or ill
health, damage to property,
damage to the workplace,
environment, or combination of
these
13

Accident :
Unplanned event or sequence
of events that has undesirable
consequences that could lead to
health effects, economical
losses and public relation
losses.
14

Risk :
Combination of the probability or
likelihood and severity or
consequence(s) of a specified
hazardous event occurring .

15

Types of Hazards :

Physical

Hazard

Chemical

Hazard

Biological

Hazard [biohazard]
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Types of Hazards :

Electrical Hazard.

Environmental Hazard.

Psycho-social Hazard stress, sexual

harassment etc.

Radiation

Ergonomic awkward posture,

standing at work, manual handling
etc.

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Physical Hazards
Slippery

surfaces (floor)- cause slip,

trip and fall

Moving

hazards

Falling

equipment / Mechanical

objects

Protruding

/ sharp object

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FAILURE TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS

19

WORKING AT HEIGHTS

Worker could fall and sustain injury.

HOISTING EQUIPMENT

Load could shift or fall.

FRAYED CONNECTIONS

Corrosion.

Chemical Hazards
Corrosive
Flammable

Reactive
Toxic
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Biological Hazards
Bacteria
Fungi
Poisonous

animal

Virus

25

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that pose

the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of the worker.

Examples of musculoskeletal injuries include tennis elbow (an

inflammation of a tendon in the elbow) and carpal tunnel
syndrome (a condition affecting the hand and wrist).

Ergonomic hazards include repetitive and forceful

movements, vibration, temperature extremes, glare (light
illumination) and awkward postures that arise from improper
work methods and improperly designed workstations, tools,
and equipment.
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Bad sitting posture

Good sitting posture

AWKWARD POSTURE
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FAILURE TO IDENTIFY/MANAGE HAZARDS

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