Page 1

Environmental Weeds of Knox

The table below lists 233 naturalised plant species that were recorded within
remnant vegetation during fieldwork for the Knox Sites of Biological Significance
study conducted by Dr. Graeme Lorimer (2004). A few inconsequential weeds
that appear occasionally after recent soil disturbance have been omitted from the
list.
The scientific names of weeds covered by the Catchment and Land Protection Act
1994 are underlined.
The column headed Severity in Victoria generally is taken from Carr G.W.,
Yugovic J.V. and Robinson K.E. (1992). Environmental Weed Invasions
in Victoria: Conservation and Management Implications. 1st. Edition.
Department of Conservation & Environment, Melbourne. The categories
defined by Carr et al. are:
V
Very serious threat to one or more vegetation formations;
S
Serious threat to one or more vegetation formations;
P
Potential threat to one or more vegetation formations;
N
Not a threat, but may have negative visual impact.
Presumably, category P also includes weeds that pose some threat but are not
serious.
An equivalent categorisation of weeds in Knox appears in the last column of the
table below. The author has drawn heavily on this projects fieldwork
observations particularly the frequency of each species occurrence and the
highest severity category that was assigned to it.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Acacia baileyana
Cootamundra Wattle
Acacia decurrens
Early Black Wattle
Acacia elata
Cedar Wattle
Acacia floribunda
White-sallow Wattle
Acacia longifolia v. longifoliaSallow Wattle
Acacia prominens
Gosford Wattle
Acacia retinodes
Wirilda
Acanthus mollis
Bears Breach
Acer negundo
Box Elder
Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Maple
Agapanthus praecox
Agapanthus
Agrostis capillaris
Brown-top Bent
Aira caryophyllea
Silvery Hair-grass
Aira cupaniana
Small Hair-grass
Aira elegantissima
Elegant Hair-grass
Allium triquetrum
Angled Onion
Alopecurus geniculatus
Marsh Fox-tail
Alopecurus pratensis
Meadow Fox-tail
Anagallis arvensis
Pimpernel
Anagallis minima
Chaffweed
Anthoxanthum odoratumSweet Vernal-grass
Arbutus unedo
Irish Strawberry Tree
Arctotheca calendula
Cape Weed
Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum
Onion Twitch, False Oat-grass
Arundo donax
Giant Reed
Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper
Asparagus scandens
Asparagus Fern

Severity in
Victoria

Severity in
Knox

V
V
V
P
V
S
S
P
P
V
S
V
S
P
S
V
S
P
S
P
V
P
S

P
N
P
N
V
N
N
N
S
S
S
S
P
P
P
V
P
P
P
P
V
P
P

P
V
V

S
S
V

Page 2

Scientific Name

Common Name

Aster subulatus
Aster-weed
Atriplex prostrata
Hastate Orache
Avena barbata
Bearded Oat
Berberis darwinii
Darwins Barberry
Brassica sp. (Lysterfield Rd roadside)brassica
Briza maxima
Large Quaking-grass
Briza minor
Lesser Quaking-grass
Bromus catharticus
Prairie Grass
Bromus diandrus
Great Brome
Bromus hordeaceus
Soft Brome
Buddleja davidii
Butterfly-bush
Callitriche stagnalis
Water Starwort
Calystegia silvatica
Greater Bindweed
Cardamine flexuosa Wood Bitter-cress
Cardamine hirsuta
Hairy Wood-cress
Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury
Centaurium tenuiflorumBranched Centaury
Cerastium glomeratum
Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
Cestrum elegans
Red Cestrum
Chamaecytisus palmensis Tree Lucerne
Chlorophytum comosum
Spider Plant
Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera
Boneseed
Cicendia filiformis
Slender Cicendia
Cirsium vulgare
Spear Thistle
Conium maculatum
Hemlock
Conyza albida
Fleabane
Conyza bonariensis
Tall Fleabane
Coprosma repens
Mirror-bush
Coprosma robusta
Karamu
Cordyline australis
NZ Cabbage Tree
Cortaderia selloana
Pampas Grass
Cotoneaster divaricatus
Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster franchetii Grey Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Cotoneaster
Cotoneaster pannosus
Cotoneaster
Cotula coronopifolia
Water Buttons
Crassula multicava
Shade Crassula
Crataegus monogyna
Hawthorn
Crepis capillaris
Smooth Hawksbeard
Crocosmia crocosmiiflora Montbretia
Cynara cardunculus Spanish Artichoke
Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Couch
Cynosurus echinatus
Rough Dogs-tail
Cyperus eragrostis
Drain Flat-sedge
Cyperus tenellus
Tiny Flat-sedge
Cytisus scoparius
English Broom
Dactylis glomerata
Cocksfoot
Delairea odorata
Cape Ivy
Dodonaea viscosa
Sticky Hop-bush
Duchesnea indica
Indian Strawberry
Echinochloa crus-galli
Barnyard Grass
Echium plantagineum Patersons Curse
Egeria densa
Dense Waterweed
Ehrharta erecta
Panic Veldt-grass
Ehrharta longiflora
Annual Veldt-grass
Epilobium ciliatum Glandular Willow-herb
Erica lusitanica
Spanish Heath
Erigeron karvinskianus Bony-tip Fleabane
Eriobotrya japonica
Loquat
Euphorbia peplus
Petty Spurge
Festuca arundinacea
Tall Fescue
Festuca rubra
Red Fescue

Severity in
Victoria

Severity in
Knox

S
S
S
P
V
P
V
V
S
S
P
S
P
S
S

P
N
N
P
S
V
N
S
S
N
P
S
V
N
N
S
N

S
V
-

V
S
P

P
S
S
S
V
V
P
V
V
V
V
S
P
V
S
V
V
V
S
S
P
V
S
V
S
S
V
V
P
V
S
P

N
S
P
S
N
S
V
P
S
S
N
S
S
P
N
V
P
V
N
S
P
S
P
V
S
V
N
P
P
P
S
V
S
P
V
P
N
N
P
N

Page 3

Scientific Name

Common Name

Foeniculum vulgare
Fennel
Fraxinus angustifolia
Desert Ash
Freesia alba x leichtlinii
Freesia
Fumaria bastardii
Bastards Fumitory
Fumaria capreolata
Ramping Fumitory
Galium aparine
Cleavers
Gamochaeta purpurea Spiked Cudweed
Genista linifolia
Flax-leafed Broom
Genista monspessulanaMontpellier Broom
Gladiolus undulatus
Wild Gladiolus
Glyceria declinata
Manna Grass
Grevillea Grevillea hybrids and cultivars
Grevillea rosmarinifoliaRosemary Grevillea
Hakea salicifolia
Willow-leaf Hakea
Hedera helix
Ivy
Helminthotheca echioides
Ox-tongue
Holcus lanatus
Yorkshire Fog
Hypericum androsaemum
Tutsan
Hypericum tetrapterum St Peters Wort or
Square-stem St Johns Wort
Hypochoeris glabra
Smooth Cats Ear
Hypochoeris radicata
Cats Ear
Ilex aquifolium
Holly
Ipomoea indica
Lears Morning-glory
Ixia polystachya
Variable Ixia
Jasminum ?polyanthum
Jasmine
Juncus acutus
Sharp (or Spiny) Rush
Juncus articulatus
Jointed Rush
Juncus bulbosus
Bulbous Rush
Juncus capitatus
Dwarf Rush
Juncus microcephalus
Tiny Rush
Juncus tenuis
Slender Rush
Kennedia rubicunda
Dusky Coral-pea
Kniphofia uvaria
Red Hot Pokers
Lactuca serriola
Prickly Lettuce
Leontodon taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit
Leycesteria formosaHimalayan Honeysuckle
Ligustrum lucidum
Large-leafed Privet
Lilium formosanum
Lily
Linum trigynum
French Flax
Lolium perenne
Perennial Rye-grass
Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle
Lotus corniculatus
Birds-foot Trefoil
Lotus suaveolens Hairy Birds-foot Trefoil
Lotus uliginosusGreater Birds-foot Trefoil
Lythrum junceumMediterranean Loosestrife
Malus domestica
Domestic Apple
Medicago polymorpha
Burr Medic
Melaleuca armillarisBracelet Honey-myrtle
Melilotus indicus
Sweet Melilot
Mentha pulegium
Pennyroyal
Mentha spicata
Spearmint
Mentha piperitaPeppermint or Lemon Mint
Modiola caroliniana
Carolina Mallow
Myoporum insulare Common Boobialla
Myosotis laxa subsp. caespitosa
Water Forget-me-not
Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not
Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrots-feather
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Fishbone Fern
Omalanthus nutans
Bleeding Heart
Oxalis incarnata
Pale Wood-sorrel
Oxalis pes-caprae
Soursob
Oxalis purpureaLarge-flower Wood-sorrel

Severity in
Victoria

Severity in
Knox

V
V
V
P
V
S
V
V
V
P
S
S
V
V
S
V
V

P
S
N
P
P
V
N
S
V
S
P
N
N
P
V
N
S
P

S
S
V
S
P
V
V
S
P
S
P
P
P
S
V
P
P
P
S
V
V
S
V
S
N
S
V
S
S
S
S
P
-

N
S
P
P
P
P
P
V
P
P
P
P
P
N
N
P
P
P
P
S
N
V
P
P
S
P
N
N
S
N
N
P
P
N
N

S
P
S
V
S

P
V
N
N
V
V
P

Page 4

Scientific Name

Common Name

Paraserianthes lophantha Cape Wattle

Parentucellia viscosa
Sticky Bartsia
Paspalum dilatatum
Paspalum
Paspalum distichum
Water Couch
Passiflora mollissimaBanana Passionfruit
Pennisetum clandestinum
Kikuyu
Persicaria maculosa
Persicaria
Phalaris aquaticaToowoomba Canary-grass
Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass
Phalaris minor
Lesser Canary-grass
Phytolacca octandra
Red-ink Weed
Pinus pinaster
Maritime Pine
Pinus radiata
Monterey Pine
Pittosporum undulatumSweet Pittosporum
Plantago coronopus Bucks-horn Plantain
Plantago lanceolata
Ribwort
Plantago major
Greater Plantain
Polygala myrtifolia
Myrtle-leaf Milkwort
Populus alba
White Poplar
Prunella vulgaris
Self-heal
Prunus cerasifera
Cherry-plum
Prunus laurocerasus
Cherry Laurel
Psoralea pinnata
Blue Psoralea
Pyracantha sp.
unidentified Fire-thorn
Quercus robur
English Oak
Ranunculus muricatus Sharp Buttercup
Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup
Raphanus raphanistrum
Wild Radish
Rhaphiolepis indica
Indian Hawthorn
Romulea rosea
Common Onion-grass
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticumWatercress
Rorippa palustris
Yellow Marsh-cress
Rosa rubiginosa
Sweet Briar
Rubus discolor
Blackberry
Rubus ulmifolius
Blackberry
Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock
Rumex crispus
Curled Dock
Rumex pulcher subsp. pulcherFiddle Dock
Salix babylonica s.l.
Weeping Willow
Salix cinerea
Grey Sallow
Salix fragilis
Crack Willow
Salix reichardtii
Pussy Willow
Salix rubens
White Crack Willow
Salpichroa origanifolia
Pampas Lily-of-the-Valley
Selaginella kraussianaGarden Selaginella
Senecio jacobaea
Ragwort
Sieglingia decumbens
Heath Grass
Sisyrinchium iridifolium Striped Rush-leaf
Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade
Solanum mauritianum
Tobacco-bush
Solanum nigrum s.l.
Black Nightshade
Solanum pseudocapsicum
Madeira Winter-cherry
Sollya heterophylla
Bluebell Creeper
Sonchus asper s.l.
Rough Sow-thistle
Sonchus oleraceus
Sow-thistle
Spergularia rubra s.l. Red Sand-spurrey
Sporobolus indicus Indian Rat-tail Grass
Stellaria media
Chickweed
Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass
Taraxacum sp.
Dandelion
Tradescantia albiflora
Wandering Jew
Tragopogon porrifolius
Salsify

Severity in
Victoria

Severity in
Knox

V
P
V
V
V
V
P
V
V
S
S
V
V
V
S
S
P
V
P
V
V
V
V
S
V
S
S
V
V
V
S
S
S
V
V

P
N
V
V
S
S
P
V
P
P
P
P
V
V
P
S
P
P
P
P
S
P
P
P
N
N
V
N
N
V
S
S
P
V
S
S
S
N
P
S
S
S
V

P
P
P
P
P
P
S

S
P
P
P
P
P
S

V
S
S
P
S
S
P
V
P

S
N
P
N
S
N
P
N
V
N

Page 5

Scientific Name

Common Name

Trifolium campestre
Hop Clover
Trifolium dubium
Suckling Clover
Trifolium glomeratum
Cluster Clover
Trifolium pratense
Red Clover
Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover
Trifolium subterraneumSubterranean Clover
Tropaeolum majus
Nasturtium
Typha latifolia
Great Reedmace
Ulex europaeus
Gorse (Furze)
Verbena bonariensis Purple-top Verbena
Viburnum tinus
Laurustinus
Vicia disperma
French Tiny Vetch
Vicia hirsuta
Tiny Vetch
Vicia sativa
Common Vetch
Vinca major
Blue Periwinkle
Viola odorata
Fragrant Violet
Vulpia bromoides
Squirrel-tail Fescue
Watsonia borbonica
Rosy Watsonia
Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera
Bulbil Watsonia
Zantedeschia aethiopica White Arum Lily

Severity in
Victoria

Severity in
Knox

S
S
S
P
V
S
P
V
V
S
P
P
S
V
P
V
S

N
P
N
N
P
N
P
P
V
P
N
S
S
S
S
P
S
P