Sampling of Wastes

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos
Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Institute of Waste Management
Marion Huber-Humer
Gudrun Obersteiner
Maxim Akhmadiev
Peter Beigl
Erwin Binner
Marlies Hrad
Gnther Kraus
Peter Lechner
Sabine Lenz
Peter Mostbauer
Florian Part
Alexandra Pukhnyuk
Roland Ramusch
Stefan Salhofer
Silvia Scherhaufer
Elisabeth Schmied
Felicitas Schneider
Margarete Staudner
Benjamin Steuer
Nina Degischer
Thomas Ebner
Reinhold Ottner
Zorica Stamenkovic
Erwin Binner MSc.

1
BOKUBOKU-University / Vienna
of Waste Management
Erwin Binner
Institute
Anna Happenhofer
Christian Hochhauer
Aleksander Jandric
Julia Zeilinger
La Molina 2015
Outlook
Sampling of Wastes
Inhomogeneity
Representative Sample
Sampling Plan
Material Properties
Increment Samples (number and amount)
Mixed Sample (amount)
Analyses of Water Content
2
Erwin Binner
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 1

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
wastes in most cases are

very inhomogeneous
particle size
water content
content of hazardous compounds

the problem is to get a

representative sample
3
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) - Delivery
Erwin Binner
photo: Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 2

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) - Delivery
Erwin Binner
photo: Binner, 2008
La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Biowaste Delivery
Erwin Binner
photo: Binner, 2008
La Molina 2015
page 3

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Biowaste Compost
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
photo: Binner, 2010
Sampling of Wastes
Wastes from Abandoned Sites
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
photo: ABF-BOKU
page 4

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Sampling Plan
first we need a sampling plan (concept):
goal of investigation (why?)
which parameters do we have to analyse?
- needed sample amount
- adequate pre-treatment and stabilisation of
samples
knowledge about properties of waste

- homogeneity
- bulk density
- maximum grain size, grain size distribution
9
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Sampling Plan
first we need a sampling plan (concept):
how to do sampling?
- location and date of sampling
- proper tools for sampling
execution of sampling
10
journal of sampling (note important items)

taking sub-samples
mixing sub samples to field sample
laboratory sample
retain sample
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 5

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Sampling Plan Number of Increments
number of increments: very important
- an increment sample is part of the population by
which via statistic data a characterisation of the
population shall be done.
compromise between accuracy and effort
- every element of population has to have the same
chance to become part of the sample
the less the homogeneity, the larger the
number of increment samples
calculation of number by statistical
criteria
choose of increments by chance (luck)
11
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Statistic Procedure: -NORM EN 14899

Increment Size (Amount/Volume)
for D95 > 3mm
M inc 109 (3D95)3 2.7 108 D95
Minc minimum amount for increments, in kg

D95 max. grain size (95-Percentil), in mm (MBT 10 to 60)
12
bulk density of waste, in kg/m3 (MBT ~ 700)
max. grain
size (MBT)
10 mm
20 mm
30 mm
40 mm
50 mm
60 mm
amount of
increment
0.02 kg
0.15 kg
0.5 kg
1.2 kg
2.4 kg
4.1 kg
volume of
increment
0.05 l
0.2 l
1.0 l
2.0 l
3.5 l
6l
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 6

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes / Example MBT Wastes

Increment Size (Amount/Volume)
approximation:
Minc = 0.06 x max. grain size
Minc minimum amount of increment, in kg
max. grain size, in mm
10 mm
20 mm
30 mm
40 mm
50 mm
60 mm
amount of
increment
0.6 kg
1.2 kg
1.8 kg
2.4 kg
3.0 kg
3.6 kg
volume of
increment
0.9 l
1.7 l
2.6 l
3.4 l
4.3 l
5.1 l
max. grain
size (MBT)
13
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015

Increment Sample Mixed Sample
Increment 3
Increment 2
Increment 5
Increment 6
Increment 4
Increment 1
Mixed Sample
photo: Erwin Binner
14
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 7

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015

Sample Size (Amount) for Mixed Sample
1
(1 p )
M sam ( D95 ) 3 g
6
CV 2 p
Msam
D95
g
p
CV
15
minimum amount for sample, in g

max. grain size (95-Percentil), in cm
density of particles, in g/cm3
factor for grain size distribution
m/m percentage of particles with defined characteristic
wanted coefficient of variation
max. grain
size (MBT)
10 mm
20 mm
30 mm
40 mm
50 mm
60 mm
amount of
sample
0.3 kg
2.4 kg
8 kg
30 kg
38 kg
66 kg
3.5 l
11.5 l
43 l
volume of
Erwin Binner 0.5
sample
54Lal Molina 2015

94 l
Sampling of Wastes
Sample Size (Amount/Volume)
10 increments
approximation for MSW:

Ms = 0.6 x max. grain size
Ms minimum amount of sample, in kg

16
max. grain
size
20 mm
50 mm
100 mm
200 mm
300 mm
400 mm
amount of
sample
12 kg
30 kg
60 kg
120 kg
180 kg
240 kg
density (kg/l)
1)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
volume of
sample
15 l
43 l
100 l
240 l
450 l
800 l
Erwin Binner
1)
very rough estimation!!
La Molina 2015
page 8

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Particle Size Reduction - Shredding
shredding of wet samples:
~ 10,000
17
Erwin Binner
photo: Binner, 2004

La Molina 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Coning and Quartering Procedure
coning and quartering procedure:
mix all the increments and build a cone
divide the cone into 4 similar parts
throw away
2 parts (1+3)
mix the other
two parts
(2+4) carefully
divide again into
4 similar parts
throw away 2 parts
mix the other two parts carefully
18
repeat
often as necessary
Erwin as
Binner
La Molina 2015
page 9

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Coning and Quartering Procedure
19
Erwin Binner
photo: ABF-BOKU
La Molina 2015
Analysis of
Water Content
20
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 10

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling of Wastes
Subsample for Analyses (Amount)
approximation for MSW:
Ms = 0.06 x max. grain size
Ms minimum amount of sample, in kg
21
max. grain
size
20 mm
50 mm
100 mm
200 mm
300 mm
400 mm
amount of
sample
1.2 kg
3.0 kg
6.0 kg
12 kg
18 kg
24 kg
Erwin Binner
120 kg sample to
laboratory
La Molina 2015
Analysis of Wastes
Water Content
Water Content (WC)
Fresh Laboratory Sample (< 20 mm)
200 mm
2 x 6 kg!
500 - 1,000 g (balance accurate to 0.1 g)

drying at 105 C until weight is constant (24 - 48 hours)
weighing again (warm, because material catches water from
atmosphere)
WC [% WM] =
100 * (weight wet weight dry)

weight wet
result in: % WM (wet matter) accuracy: 1 decimal place (e.g. 25.4 %WM)
repetitions: 2
allowed difference: + 2.5 %
22
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 11

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Analysis of Wastes
Water Content
Balance BA 160B
~ 2,300
23
Erwin Binner
photo: Binner, 2011
La Molina 2015
Analysis of Wastes
Water Content
Memmert UM 600 ~ 1,600
Erwin Binner
24
photo: Binner, 2011
La Molina
2015
Memmert UML 800
~ 3,500
page 12

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Analysis of Wastes
Water Content
25
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
Sampling and Pretreatment of Wastes

Conclusions
sampling concept
goal of investigation, parameters, location, time,
needed equipment,
information about waste (max. grain size resp. its
distribution, homogeneity, physical
requirements)
calculation of minimum sample amounts,
number of increment samples, number of
qualified mixed samples, number and amount of
laboratory sample
26
Erwin
sample
-20C)
Binner stabilisation (cooling 4C, freezing
La Molina 2015
page 13

Sampling of Wastes
September 2015
Sampling and Pretreatment of Wastes

Conclusions
sample pretreatment
which parameters should be analysed
stabilisation of samples
drying, cooling 4C, freezing -20C
drying temperature
air drying, 45 C, 105 C
equipment for grinding (size reduction)

Centrifugal Mill (contamination, heat), Agate Vibratory Disk
Mill
elution media and period

deionized water, CaCl2, pyrophosphate,
27
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
e.binner@boku.ac.at
http://www.wau.boku.ac.at
Sustainable MBT-Landfill
Muchas
Gracias por
Su Atencin
Miscantus
1-2 m mature compost
0,5 m non calcareous gravel
mechanical-biological
pretreated waste
landfill liner (DVO)
drainage system for surface runoff

free leachate discharge
28
Erwin Binner
La Molina 2015
page 14

Sampling of Wastes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sampling of Wastes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

Erwin Binner MSc.

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

wastes in most cases are

the problem is to get a

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

knowledge about properties of waste

journal of sampling (note important items)

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos

Statistic Procedure: -NORM EN 14899

M inc 109 (3D95)3 2.7 108 D95

Minc minimum amount for increments, in kg

bulk density of waste, in kg/m3 (MBT ~ 700)

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner

IV Congreso Residuos Slidos