Teacher : Bilel Faleh

School :Bou Omran S School

Lesson 6
The Brain Drain

Level : 4th Forms

I / Pre- Reading :
1 Match these confusing words with their right definitions :
A

B
1/Move from one place to another (indoors
or outdoors)

A+B
a+

a/im.gr.
te
To depart/leave ones country/ homeland
to another one.

b+

To enter a new country in which youre

considered as a stranger in order to live
there.

c+

b/em..g...te

c/ mgrte

2 Complete the table with the right word form :

Verb
To migrate
To emigrate
To immigrate
.. ..
Noun
Personal noun .. ..
3 Fill in the blanks with words from the box :
immigration involuntary with within native encouraging migration incentives
Emigration is the act of leaving ones .. country or region to settle in another .
It is the same as .. but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human
movement before the establishment of political boundaries or .. one state, is
termed .. . Even though definitions may be vague and vary somewhat,
emigration / immigration / migration should not be confused with the phenomenon of
..migration, such as instances of population transfer or ethnic cleansing.
Motives to migrate can be either .. attracting people away, known as pull
factors , or circumstances .. a person to leave, known as push factors.
4 Here are some reasons why people might choose to emigrate. Put them under the
appropriate headings :
1. People leave their home countries in search of a better quality of life for themselves and their
families.
2. To ensure better living conditions for their children.
3. To flee / escape / run away unbearable family situations.

To flee poverty / misery / hardship / starvation .

To escape prosecution / trial ( in a court ) and persecution / discrimination .
To flee political turmoil / chaos / disorder / trouble / agitation / unrest / strict laws
To flee religious persecution , religious intolerance , oppression / tyranny
To look for the freedom to practise one s faith / belief .
People run away from wars, revolutions , disasters( They are called refugees )
To seek adventure.
To search for economic, educational and scientific opportunities : to pursue ones specialities / to
study
12. they are tempted / attracted by more attractive career opportunities.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Push Factors

Pull Factors

5 look at the pictures and develop these notes to get a definition of The Brain Drain :

The brain drain / movement / highly / skill / qualify / people / developing / nation / developed
countries / they can / to earn more money.
..

..

II / Reading :
Text A :
1. Complete the table with the right information :
Phenomenon

Consequences
.
.
.

Possible solutions

2. Lexical focus : Do tasks 3 and 4 page 162

3. Express the following sentence differently. Begin as given :
Efforts to reduce skill shortage may be largely futile ( unsuccessful ) unless measures are
taken to offset ( balance) existing incentives for highly educated people to migrate .
If measures are taken to offset existing incentives for highly educated people to migrate
.

Text B :
1.

Complete the table with the right information :

Phenomenon

Major Reasons

Benefits for the

sending countries

Benefits for the

receiving countries

..

....

.
.

....
....

2.

Correct the following false statement with the right information from the text :

According to the World Bank, reducing human migration is avoidable .

3.

Focus on the following sentence and say what the underlined part expresses :

Developed and developing nations improve their cooperation on the issue sothat developing
nations are not unnecessary hurt by a brain drain of skilled workers. (..)
4. Do task 2 page 165

Text C :
1. Complete the table with the right information :
Phenomenon

Reasons

.
.

Benefits for the home

country

2. Express the following sentence differently. Begin as given :

Both sending nations and host countries can benefit from brain drain if they play their cards
right.
Unless they play their cards right ,
3. Lexical Focus : Do tasks 1 and 2 page 165

III / Post - Reading :

Order these scrambled paragraphs in order to get a coherent writing on the brain drain.
(.)Indeed, investment in higher education is lost when a trained individual leaves
and does not return. Also, whatever social capital the individual has been a part of is
reduced by his or her departure. Brain drain can occur either when individuals who study
abroad and complete their education do not return to their home country, or when
individuals educated in their home country emigrate for higher wages or better
opportunities.
(.)However, the second form is arguably worse, because it drains more resources
from the home country.
This phenomenon is perhaps most problematic for developing nations, where it is
widespread. In these countries, higher education and professional certification are often
viewed as the surest way to escape from a troubled economy or difficult political
situation.
(.)A brain drain or human capital flight is an emigration of trained and talented
individuals ("human capital") to other nations due to conflicts, lack of opportunity, health
hazards where they are living or other reasons. It parallels the term "capital flight" which
refers to financial capital that is no longer invested in the country where its owner lived
and earned it

(.)To conclude, I believe that brain drain is a major problem that our continent has
to face up to. It is obvious that developing countries such as Morocco are even losing
more human capital than developed countries
(.)Even though little has been discussed about the effects of brain drain in Africa, it
is believed to be one of the biggest issues to the developing nations. Each year millions of
Africans escape to Europe and the states; therefore, the continent is using lot of its
human capital