AnnotatedBibliography

PRIMARYSOURCES
$5,580,000,000BillKeepsMarshallAidFlowingtoWesternEurope
.Perf.PresidentHarryS.Truman.British
Path,1947.Online.
Annotation:This newsreel
$5,580,000,000BillKeepsMarshallAidFlowingtoWesternEurope
British
Path shows President Trumansigning the European Recovery Program,later known asthe Marshall
Plan. I haveused this newsreelthe the Implementationpage of my website,anditis usedtomakemy
websitemoreinteractivefortheviewer.
Abelshauser,Werner.GermanEconomicHistorian.
"Foreignaidwasnotcrucialinstartingtherecoveryorin
keepingitgoing."
.
Annotation: This is a quote by German Economic Historian Werner Abelshauser, which reads:
"Foreign aid was notcrucialinstartingtherecoveryorinkeepingitgoing."
. Ihaveused thissource at
the Criticism page of my website. As said in my process paper, in every page of the website, I have
usedaquotetogiveareaderaninterestingperspectiveonthepagestopic.
Acheson,Dean,PresentattheCreation:MyYearsattheStateDepartment,NewYork:Norton,1969,Print.
Annotation:DeanAchesonwasSecretaryof Stateunder PresidentTruman.Hisbookdetailshistimein
office, including the period before, during and after implementation ofthe Marshall Plan. This book
helped me understand how necessary the primary authors of the Plan felt it was. Itgavemehistorical
contextandassistedinunderstandingtheUSperspectiveatthetime.
TheAustrianDelegationSignanAgreementregardingEconomicCooperationbetweenAustriaandtheUnited
StatesundertheMarshallPlan
.1948.CentreVirtuelDeLaConnaissanceDeL'Europe(CVCE),Paris.
AustriaSignsMarshallPlanAgreement.Web.20Sept.2015.

Annotation:This image shows AustrianViceChancellorAdolfSchrf,AustrianForeignMinisterKarl

Gruber, and U.S. Ambassador to Austria John George Erhardt, signing an agreement regarding
economic cooperation between Austria and the United States under theMarshall Planon the 2nd of
July 1948. Iusedthisimageonthe Reaction,SovietRejectionand Negotiationspage(s)ofmywebsite,
andthisimageshowsthesuccessoftheMarshallPlannegotiations.
Artist,Unknown.
DerMarshallplan,HilftEuropa.
MarshallPlanaidpackages.WestGermany.GeorgeC.
MarshallFoundation.1948to1951.Posterpresentation.
Annotation: This is a West German Poster called
"Der Marshallplan, Hilft Europa" (The Marshall
Plan, helping Europe), with the labeling usedon Marshall Plan aid packages. I usedthis posteronthe
Homepageof my website, and it represents WestGermancooperationwith theEconomicCooperation
Administration(ECA)duringtheMarshallPlan.
ATruckFurnishedthroughtheMarshallPlanIsLoadedwithPlasma
.1949.DutchNationalArchives,The
Netherlands.MarshallPlanAid.Web
Annotation:This image shows aMarshall plan truckloadedwithplasmainthe Netherlands.Iusedthis
image on the Implementation page of my website, and this image shows the kind of aidis covered
throughtheMarshallPlan.
AuthorUnknown.
"SixteeninaCircle."
Pravda1947:n.pag.Print.
Annotation: This Soviet political cartoon depicts American actions through the Marshall Plan, where
16 western European leaders somewhat worship a statue ofGeorge C. Marshall in the likings of the
Statue of Liberty but instead of of holding a torch, the statue is holdingabag/sack of money. This
politicalcartoonwas published in the Soviet Magazine Pravda, andIusedthispoliticalcartoononthe
Criticismpage of my website. Thiscartoonhelped me understandhowtheSovietUnion feltaboutthe
U.S.foreignpolicyactionsthroughtheMarshallPlan.
AuthorUnknown."WhereTo?"TRUMANDOCTRINECARTOON.N.p.,n.d.Web.30Aug.2015.

Annotation: This political cartoon illustrates that the Truman Doctrine aid countries fighting against
communism. I have used this political cartoon on the Truman Doctrine page of my website, and this
politicalcartoonhelpedmeunderstandtheshiftinU.S.foreignpolicyduringthattime.
AuthorUnknown.FoodSupplyUnloadedinLeHavre,France,fromtheUS
"FriendshipCargo"
asPartofthe
USAidtoEurope.18december1947.GeorgeC.MarshallFoundation,LeHavre,France.
BernardHenriLevy:AMarshallPlan.Web.5Sept.2015.
Annotation: This image shows food supplies are unloaded in Le Havre, France, from the US
"Friendship Cargo"
as part oftheUSaidtoEuropeduringtheMarshall Plan.Ihaveusedthisimagein
the implementation page ofmywebsite,and thisimagehelpedmeunderstandhow basicsupplies,such
asfood,weremuchsoughtafterduringthepostwarperiod.
Belair,Felix,Jr.
"TrumanActstoSaveNationsFromRedRule."
NewYorkTimes[NewYorkCity]12Mar.
1947:n.pag.Print.
Annotation: This was the headline on the New YorkTimes for its newspaper on the 12 Mar.1947. I
have used this source on the Truman Doctrine page of my website, and this headline provides the
viewerwiththereactionoftheTrumanDoctrineduringthattime.
BerlinEmergencyProgramwith[the]MarshallPlan.1948.GermanFederalArchives,Stuttgart.MarshallPlan
(1948).Web.25Aug.2015.
Annotation: This is a image of a worker in the foreground and a poster in the backgroundin West
Berlin,which reads: "Berlin emergencyprogramwith[the]MarshallPlan"
.Ihave usedthis imageon
theHomepageofmywebsite,andhelpedmeunderstandhowMarshallPlanaidwasused.
Bevin,Ernest.BritishSecretaryofState.
Alifelinetosinkingmen".
1947
Annotation: This is a quote was used on the Reaction, Soviet Rejection andNegotiations page of my
website. Ernest Bevin wasthe former British Secretary of State andastaunchanticommunist,perfect
for negotiation the terms of the Marshall Plan. This source gives the viewer perspective of how
politiciansofWesternEuropeancountriesatthattimefeltabouttheMarshallPlan.

BradfordDeLong,James.ProfessorofEconomicsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.
"TheMarshall
Plan:History'sMostSuccessfulStructuralAdjustmentProgram"
.November1991.
Annotation: This quote was used on the Effect and Success page of my website. James Bradford
DeLongis a Professor of Economics at the University ofCaliforniaBerkeley,andthisquotegivesthe
viewertheperspectiveofhowsomepeopleviewtheMarshallPlantoday.
Brandt,Willy.
"ThankingAmerica."
25thAnniversaryofMarshall'sSpeech.HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,
Massachusetts.5June1972.Speechtranscript.
Annotation: This address titled
Thanking America by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt at
Harvard University commemorating the 25th Anniversary of George Marshalls Speech. Ihave used
this source at the Effect and Success page of my website, and this helped my understanding on the
positiveeffectoftheMarshallPlantoWestGermany.
ColdWar.ByKenneth.Branagh.CNN,1998.Online.
Annotation: I have got a quote from this CNN Landmark documentary by an Italian communist
Giuseppe Mainardi. I have used this in the Post War Europe page of my website, and this quote
portraystheharshconditionspeoplefacedaftertheSecondWorldWarhasended.
Dirksen,Reijn.
"AllcolourstotheMast"
.EuropeanRecoveryProgram.UnitedKingdom.GeorgeC.Marshall
Foundation.1948to1951.Posterpresentation.
Annotation: This poster called
"All Our Colours tothe Mast
, was created by Reijn Dirksen for the
European Recovery Programme.Itshowsashipwithits mastmade upofdifferentEuropeanflags,and
IhaveusedthisposterontheHomepageofmywebsite.
Dirksen,Reijn.
"Whatevertheweather,weonlyreachwelfaretogether"
.EuropeanRecoveryProgram.United
Kingdom.GeorgeC.MarshallFoundation.1948to1951.Posterpresentation.
Annotation: This British poster called "
Whatever the weather, we only reach welfare together" was
created by ReijnDirksen for theEuropeanRecoveryProgramme.Itshowsawindmillwith theflagsof
European nations (whom are participating in the Marshall Plan), and I have used this poster on the

Homepage of my website. This poster helped me understand that food supplies were a keyresource
duringthepostwarperiod.
ForeignAssistanceActof1948,EconomicCooperationActof1948,
80thCongress,2ndSession,Chapter
169,April3,1948.
Annotation: These are the formal Acts that became known as the Marshall Plan which authorize
Congress to provide foreign aid to Europe after WWII. Reading the actual Act itself ensured that I
understood exactly whatCongress approved. This Act was an integral part of my research and forms
the foundation of all of the other information I learned about for my website. Because the Act
specifically states why the assistance was necessary, it also helped me understand what American
politiciansviewedastheimportanceoftheMarshallPlan.
Marshall,GeorgeCallate."MarshallPlan."GeorgeMarshall's'MarshallPlan'SpeechatHarvard.Harvard
University,Cambridge,Massachusetts.27Aug.2015.Speech.
Annotation: George Marshall was the secretary of State during Trumans presidency. The Marshall
Plan was his brainchild and was named after him. Marshall made a speech to Harvard that gave his
reasons for creating theMarshall Plan, and also detailssurrounding the MarshallPlan,whichallowed
me tounderstand the creators point of view. This document was critical toallaspectsofmyresearch
andmywebsite.
GianniAgnelli,ItalianIndustrialist.
"AndIdon'tsaythatwedidn'texpectit,butwewerepleasantlysurprisedto
seethegenerosityoftheirforeignpolicyandthegenerosityoftheirforeignpolicyatthatmomentwas
expressedthroughtheMarshallPlan."
.1950
Annotation: This quote wassaid by Italian Industrialist Gianni Agnelli, and I haveused this quote at
the Implementation page of our website. This quote outlines the far reaching effectsto the Marshall
Plan,especiallyeconomically.
Golven,
Andre.SeveNouvelleVieMeilleure".
EuropeanRecoveryProgram.France.GeorgeC.Marshall
Foundation.1948to1951.Posterpresentation.

Annotation: This French poster called

"Seve Nouvelle Vie Meilleure,"
(New Life, Life Better) was
created by Andre Golven for the European Recovery Programme. I have used this poster in the
Homepageof my website, and it showshowtheEuropeannationshadtocooperatewiththeEconomic
CooperationAdministration(ECA).
HarryS.Truman,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theWhiteHouse,Marsh12,
1947.
RecommendationforAssistancetoGreeceandTurkey
.80thCongress,1stSession.U.S.
DepartmentofForeignAffairs.DocumentNo.171.NationalArchivesBuilding,Washington,D.C.
Annotation:President Trumans address stateshis conviction about thenecessityforU.S.intervention
and assistance to Europe after the War. It explains how Greece had made an urgent plea for help,
emphasizing the poverty and devastation after the War. Additionally, it explains the importance of a
stable Turkey to ensure stability in the Middle East. This document provided important historical
contextformywebsite,aswellasspecificexplanationfortheUSinvolvementandaidaftertheWar
HarryTrumanandGeorgeMarshallattheWhiteHouse.1949.AssociatedPress,Washington,D.C.The
Original OctoberSurprise:HarryTrumanandtheVinsonPlan.Web.25Aug.2015.
Annotation: This image shows George C.Marshall shaking handswith President Harry S. Truman at
the White House, afterdiscussing the Marshall Plan. I have used this imageas a bannerimage onthe
Homepageof my website, as this image symbolizes the Marshall Plan as a whole, thatisasuccessful
agreement.
Hoover,Herbert,
TheGermanAgriculturalandFoodRequirements,
February28,1947,ReportNo.1from
ThePresidentsEconomicMissiontoGermanyandAustria.
Annotation:Thisreportby formerPresidentHooverwasthefirstinaseriescommissionedbyPresident
Truman to determine the food needs in Europe after the War. The Report details how poverty and
famine were pervasive at that time. It allowed me to better understand the adequate levels of aid
GermanyneededafterWWII,andhelpedmecontrastconditionsbeforeandaftertheMarshallPlan.

HousesandStructuresLayinRuins.1945.NationalArchives(UnitedKingdom),London.PostwarEurope.
Web.30Aug.2015.
Annotation: This image shows houses and structures in London layin ruins after being poundedby
German Luftwaffe bombing campaigns. I have used this image in the Post War Europe page of my
website,andthisimagehelpedmeunderstandtheUnitedKingdomssituationafterthewar.
Kempton,Greta.OfficialPresidentialPortraitofHarryS.Truman.1945.OilonCanvas.HarryS.Truman
Library, JacksonCounty,Missouri.
Annotation: This image is the official presidential portrait of Harry S. Truman painted by Greta
Kempton. I have used this image on the Homepage of my website, and this image represents how
TrumanwasanotherkeyplayerinthedevelopmentoftheMarshallPlan.
Kindleberger,Charles,
LetterBetweenMr.CohenandMr.KindlebergerIdentifyingSixMajorProblemsin
Europe,April5,1946,
HarryS.TrumanLibraryandMuseum.
Annotation: This letter is between Mr. Kindleberger and Benjamin Cohen, another American
economist involved in designing the plans to rebuild Europe after the War. The letterdescribes the
inevitable division of Europe between the East(USSR) and West (US) after the War. In particularit
discussesthe diplomatic offensive to be launched by the US and theUK againsttheUSSR.Theletter
helped me gain historical context and perspective, and allowed me toviewtheforeigners perspective
oftheMarshallPlan.
Kindleberger,Charles,
LetterbetweenMr.KindlebergerandMr.Galbraith,August13,1946,
HarryS.
Truman LibraryandMuseum.
Annotation: This is a letter from Mr. Kindleberger to John K. Galbraith, a Canadian economist and
head of Office of Price Administration after the War. These letters provided additional historical
context, as well as a better understanding of the importance of the Marshall Plan and economic
stimuluspackageafterWWII.
LeslieGilbertIllingworth.
"TrumanEtCia."
Pravda23Mar.1948:n.pag.Print.

Annotation: This is a political cartoon portraying Moscows reluctance at the idea of seeing the
countries of Central and Eastern Europe benefit from the US aid granted underthe Marshall Plan. I
have used this political cartoon at the Criticism page of my website, and this helped meunderstand
MoscowspositionontheMarshallPlan.
Low,David.
"SomeoneHasn'tGottheRightIdea."
BritishCartoonArchive,UniversityofKent.Evening
Standard,25Nov1947.Web.21Sep.2015.
Annotation: This is a political cartoon by David Low portraying Soviet Foreign Minister Vladimir
Yerofeyev during the initial Marshall Plan negotiations. I have used this political cartoon on the
Reaction,Soviet Rejection and Negotiations page of my website, and this politicalcartoonhelpedme
understandhowtheSovietUnionhaddivergentideaswithotherwestern Europeannationsontheterms
andagreementsoftheMarshallPlan.
Low,David.
"ThisIsaManSizedJob,Minister."
PublishedintheEveningStandard.N.p.,n.d.Web.10Sept.
2015.
Annotation:The political cartoon
"This is a ManSized Job,Minister" by DavidLowportraysGeorge
C. Marshall proposing the European Recovery Program (later known as the Marshall Plan) to
Congress. I have used this political cartoon at the Proposal page of the website, and it helped me
understandwhyMarshallbelievedthatsuchaprogramwouldbeanecessity.
Low,David."What!NoroundTable?"EveningStandard30July1947:n.pag.Print.
Annotation: This political cartoon "What! No round table?"
by David Low represents how French
politician Georges Bidault did not want the Marshall Plan to foster the reconstruction and
reindustrialization of West Germany. This political cartoon helped me understand the French
governmentspositionduringtheMarshallPlannegotiations.
Marcus,Edwin.
"CanHeBlockIt?"
U.S.LibraryofCongress1947.Web.

Annotation:Edwin Marcuss cartoon depicts Stalinasabasketballplayerhopingtoblockthe Marshall

Plan. It was drawn in response to SovietMinister Molotovs rejection of theMarshallPlanas totally
unacceptableandithelpedmeunderstandStalinsoppositiontotheMarshallPlan.
Marshall,George.U.S.SecretaryofState,GeorgeMarshallAddressingtheU.S.CongressaboutHisPlantoAid
EuropeanRecovery.BritishPath,1949.MarshallSpeechCongress.Web.23Sept.2015.
Annotation: This audio clip shows U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall addressing the U.S.
Congress about his planto aid European recovery. I have used thisaudio clip at the Reaction, Soviet
Rejection and Negotiations page ofmywebsite, and it helped me understandwhyMarshall believed
thataEuropeanRecoverysoimportant.
MarshallPlannegotiationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandWesternEuropeanleaders
.Perf.GeorgeC.Marshall.
WPAFilmLibrary,1948.
Annotation:This newsreelshows the negotiations that took place inParis onthetermand agreements
of the Marshall Plan. I have used this newsreel on the Reaction, Soviet Rejection and Negotiations
pageofmywebsite,andithelpedmeunderstandthenegotiationsthattookplaceinParis.
MarshallSpeedsPlan
.Perf.GeorgeC.Marshall.WPAFilmLibrary,1948.
Annotation: This newsreel shows U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall speaking before the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee on behalf of the Marshall Plan. I have used this newsreelat the
Reaction, Soviet Rejection and Negotiations page of my website, and it helped me understand
Marshallsargumentfortheplan.
PresidentHarryS.TrumanSpeechbeforeaJointSessionofCongressandtheTrumanDoctrine.Perf.President
HarryS.Truman.WPAFilmLibrary,1947.Online.
Annotation:This newsreelshowsPresidentHarryS.TrumanSpeechbeforeajoint sessionofCongress
on aidto Greeceand Turkey. I have used this newsreel on the Truman Doctrine page of my website,
andthisnewsreelhelpedmeunderstandTrumansargumentforhisproposal.

Rowe,Abbie.
TrumanConfersWithAdvisorsRegardingMarshallPlan
.November29,1948.TrumanLibrary
Photographs,Washington,D.C.
Annotation: This image shows President Harry S. Truman conferring with his advisers regarding
Marshall Plan. From Left to right:President Harry S. Truman,Secretary ofStateGeorgeC.Marshall,
PaulHoffmann,andAverellHarrimanintheOvalOffice.
ShipmentofGoodstoRebuildEuropeundertheMarshallPlan
.1949.U.S.NationalArchivesandRecords
Administration.MarshallPlan.Web.25Sept.2015.
Annotation:This image shows a shipment of goods to rebuild Europe under theMarshallPlan.Ihave
used this image on the Implementation page of our website, and it helped me understand the type of
goodsandservicesthatweresodesperatelyneededduringthepostwarperiod.
Swierczynski,M.DestroyedWarsaw,theCapitalofPoland,January1945.1945.PolishPublicDomain,
Warsaw.DestroyedWarsaw,CapitalofPoland.Web.30Aug.2015.
Annotation: This image shows the Polish capital of Warsaw in ruins after the Second World War. I
have used this image at the Historical Context page of my website, and this image helped me
understandtheEuropessituationafterthewar.
ThePeopleTaketotheStreetsofParisagainsttheMarshallPlan
.September15,1948.CentreVirtuelDeLa
ConnaissanceDeL'Europe,CVCE,Paris,France.MarshallPlan.Web.20Sept.2015.
Annotation:This image showspeopletakingtothestreetsofParis againstthe MarshallPlan(beforeits
implementation). I have used this image onthe Reaction, SovietRejectionand Negotiations page of
ourwebsite,andithelpedmeunderstandthecriticismagainsttheMarshallPlan.
TheRedevelopmentofNorrmalmandtheStockholmMetro
.N.d.NationalArchivesofSweden,Stockholm,
Sweden.MarshallPlan.Web.5Oct.2015.
Annotation: This image shows the redevelopment of Norrmalm and the Stockholm Metro using
Marshall Plan aid.I have usedthis image on the EffectandSuccesspageofourwebsite,andithelped
meunderstandhowtheaidwasused.

TrumanDoctrine.1947.LibraryofCongress,Washington,D.C.TrumanSpeakingbeforeaJointSessionof
Congress.Web.30Aug.2015.
Annotation:This speechrepresented a new era in American foreign policy to stopSovietimperialism
during the Cold War. It was announced to CongressbyPresidentHarryS.TrumanonMarch12, 1947
when he pledged to contain Soviet threats to Greece and Turkey, and Ihave used this source onthe
Truman Doctrine page of my website. This helped meunderstand whyachangeinforeignpolicywas
neededtocombatthenewSovietthreat.
UnknownU.S.ArmySoldier.GeorgeC.Marshall,OfficialMilitaryPhoto.1946.U.S.Army.GeorgeC.
Marshall.Web.25Aug.2015.
Annotation: This is the official military photo ofUnited States Army Chief ofStaff and Secretary of
StateGeorge C. Marshall. I have used this imageontheTheseandHomepageofmywebsite,andthis
imagehelpedmeunderstandthemanyhighrankingpositionsMarshalltook.
Vienne,Fabien.
"
CooperationInterEuropeenne"
.EuropeanRecoveryProgram.France.GeorgeC.Marshall
Foundation.1948to1951.Posterpresentation.
Annotation: This French poster called "
Cooperation Intereuropeenne" (Inter European Cooperation)
created by Fabien Vienne for the European Recovery Programme. I have used this poster on the
Homepageof my website, and it represents how the European nationshadtocooperateiftheywanted
theMarshallPlantobeasuccess.
Yerofeyev,Vladimir.
"WhyStalinRejectedMarshallAid."
AnInsider'sStatement.JohnD.Clare,n.d.Web.21
Sep.2016.
Annotation:I have usedaquotefromthiswebsitewhichreads:
"TheUSneverreallywanted theSoviet
Union and its satellites tobenefit from Marshall aid. They made no further efforttopersuade themto
take part!" by Vladimir Yerofeyev. I have used this quote on the Reaction, Soviet Rejection and
Negotiations page of my website, and it helped me understand the Soviets argument on why they
endedupdenouncingtheplan.

WesternEuropesRecovery
.MarshallPlanPaymentsinMillions.WesternEuropeanAgriculture,Industry
andForeignTrade1948to1951Statistics.Posterpresentation.
Annotation: This poster shows how much money worth of Marshall Plan aid was given to each
European nation which participated.IhaveusedthisposterontheImplementationpageofmywebsite,
andthishelpedmeunderstandthecostoftheMarshallPlan.

SECONDARYSOURCES
AuthorUnknown.
SovietOppositiontotheMarshallPlan,
LibraryofCongress1/22/13Web.
Annotation: This article discussed Stalins negative view on the Marshall Plan. Reading this article
allowed me to see the opposing views towards the Marshall Plan and helped me write about the
Sovietsfeelingtowards US foreign aid.Itprovidedaclearerandmoredefinedunderstandingon why
StalineventuallyopposedtheMarshallPlan.
AuthorUnknown.
TheMarshallPlan,
StanfordUniversity,1997.Web.
Annotation: This website outlined the basics of the Marshall Plan and also discussed domestic
opposition tothe Marshall Plan. By seeing the domestic oppositiontotheMarshallPlan,Iwasableto
understandthedifficultiesfacedbyMarshallandTrumanduringthecreationoftheMarshallPlan.
Baker,Kevin,America,
TheStoryofUs
,NewYork:A&ETelevisionNetworks,2010,Print.
Annotation:This book explains US history from the1940s to 2000. It discussestheMarshallPlan,its
historical development, and its political and socialsignificance. This bookhelped me understand the
developmentofthePlanaswellasthereasonsforitshistoricalimportanceandsignificance.
BBCStaff.
"TheTrumanDoctrineandMarshallPlan."
BBCNews.BBC,n.d.Web.21Oct.2015.
Annotation: This website overviews the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan, including their
development and opposition. This website gave me key background knowledge to the Doctrine and
Plan, and the Truman Doctrine aspectof the websitehelpedme writethetextfortheTrumanDoctrine

page of the website. Thiswebsitehelped meunderstandthe fundamentalprinciplesoftheDoctrineand

Plan.
Birdsall,Paul,
VersaillesTwentyYearsAfterHamden
,ArchonBooks,1941,Print.
Annotation:This book discussed the developmentandultimatefailureoftheTreatyofVersailles.This
bookhelped me realize the failures of theforeign aid program before the Marshall Plan and gave me
historicalcontextforthewayTrumanandMarshallimplementedthePlan.
Bostdorff,DeniseM.
ProclaimingtheTrumanDoctrine:TheColdWarCalltoArms
.CollegeStation:Texas
A&MUP,2008.Print.
Annotation:In this book, Denise M. Bostdorff considersPresidentTrumansaddresstoajointsession
of Congress on March 12, 1947, focusing on the public and private language that influenced
administration perceptions about the precipitatingeventsin Greece and Turkey andexploresthenews
management campaign that set the stage for Trumans speech. This helped me write the Truman
Doctrine page of my website, as it helped me understand all the aspects that went into Trumans
decision, and how the presidentshealth may have influencedhis policy decision and how it affected
hisdeliveryoftheaddressandcampaignforcongressionalapproval.
Brower,CharlesF.
GeorgeC.Marshall:ServantoftheAmericanNation.
NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,
2011.Print.
Annotation: This book examines the major roles assumed by Marshall over his fivedecadecareer
soldier statesman and peacemaker and leader and manager to illuminate key issues and themes
surrounding themanand his era. It gave mea snapshotofGeorge C.Marshallscareer,includinghow
his actions during the SecondWorldWarwould shape his decisions in the years to come.Becauseof
theverynatureofthisbook,ithelpedmewritethethesisandhistoricalcontextpage(s)ofmywebsite.
Chapman,Stephen.
"TheMarshallPlanRevisited."T
ribuneDigitalChicagoTribune.ChicagoTribune,09June
1985.Web.21Oct.2015.

Annotation: This Chicago Tribune article by Stephen Chapman outlines the key and fundamental
aspects of the Marshallplanfromitsinitialproposal,toitsdevelopment,andthenimplementationasa
result, this article helpedmechoosethe subheadingsformywebsite.Thisarticlehelpedmeunderstand
thefarreachinglegacyoftheMarshallplan,andservedasabasisfortheLegacypageofourwebsite.
EncyclopdiaBritannicaeditorialstaff.
"SmootHawleyTariffAct".
EncyclopdiaBritannica.Encyclopdia
BritannicaOnline.EncyclopdiaBritannicaInc.Web.1Sept.2015
Annotation: This web page clearly outlined the SmoothHawley Tariff Act. By understanding the
failures of the US diplomacybeforethe Second World War, it enabled meto see the turning pointof
theMarshallPlanfromAmerica'soldways.
Endy,Christopher
ColdWarHolidays:AmericanTourisminFrance
,UniversityofNorthCarolinaPress,2004,
Print.
Annotation: This book discussesthe culturalimpacts of Cold War by chronicling Americantravel to
France duringtheColdWar. Movingbeyondtraditionalstatecenteredconceptionsof foreignrelations,
this book approaches the Cold War era relationship between France and the UnitedStates from the
original perspective of tourism. Becausethe Marshall Plan improved foreignrelations andestablished
the West, this book helped meunderstand thecorrelationbetweencultureintegrationandtheMarshall
Plan.
Fossedal,GregoryA.
OurFinestHourWillClayton,theMarshallPlan,andtheTriumphofDemocracy
.Leland
StanfordJuniorUniversity:HooverInstitutionPressPublication,1992,Print.
Annotation: This book describesWill Claytons role in drafting andimplementingthe Marshall Plan.
The book gave me historical background information, aswellas helpingcreate historical context for
my website. It gave meaninsight toallthethoughtthatwentintodraftingtheplan,soallthecountries
thatareparticipatingintheplancanagreeonthetermsandconditionsoftheplan.
Freeland,RichardM.
TheTrumanDoctrineandtheOriginsofMcCarthyism
,NewYork:Alfred.A.KnopfInc.,
1970,Print.

Annotation: This book Traces the anticommunism of the fifties to political tactics in the Truman
administration, inparticular the U.S. Foreign Aid programs duringthePostWarEra. Thisbookgave
mehistoricalbackgroundinformationandhelpedmeunderstandthemotivesoftheMarshallPlan.
Freeman,JoshuaB.,
AmericanEmpire:TheRiseofaGlobalPower,theDemocraticRevolutionatHome
19452000
,London:PenguinBooks,2012,Print.
Annotation: Thiscompellingbookdiscusses theUSdevelopmentin the20th century asa superpower,
tracing the movements and developmentsthatpropelledAmericato worlddominance.In theearlypart
of the book, Freeman discussesthe Marshall Plan, and assisted me inputting theMarshallPlaninthe
bigpictureandbuildingbackgroundknowledgeformywebsite.
Gaddis,JohnLewis.
StrategiesofContainment:ACriticalAppraisalofPostwarAmericanNationalSecurity
Policy
.NewYork:OxfordUP,1982.Print.
Annotation: This book outlines the history ofU.S. cold war strategy of containment. Beginning with
Franklin D. Roosevelt's postwar plans, this book provides a thorough critical analysis of George F.
Kennan's original strategy of containment, NSC68, The EisenhowerDulles "New Look," the
KennedyJohnson "flexible response" strategy, the NixonKissinger strategy of detente, and now a
comprehensiveassessment of how Reagan completed theprocessofcontainment,therebybringingthe
Cold War to an end. This bookhas helped me throughout the website, most notably ontheHistorical
Context and Marshall Plan page(s). This gave me an in depth look into George F. Kennans plan for
containment, including the Marshall plan, and profoundly impacted my understanding of U.S.foreign
policyduringthistime.
GeorgeC.MarshallFoundationStaff.
"GeorgeCatlettMarshall."
GeorgeCMarshall.GeorgeC.Marshall
Foundation,n.d.Web.5Aug.2015.
Annotation: This web page clearly outlined the life of George C. Marshall. Thiswebsite gave me a
general overview of the key moments and hallmarks of Marshalls life, from his early years till his
death. Since this website was created by Marshalls organization, Iwas awarebias.Thiswebsitegave

me a deeper understanding of the man, which proved useful during the beginning stages of my
research.
Gimbel,John.
TheOriginsoftheMarshallPlan
.Stanford,CA:StanfordUP,1976.Print.
Annotation:This book provides a perspective on the Marshall Plan far more removedfromthepolicy
of containment than most people portray. This gave me a different perspective on the Marshall Plan
than most other sources I have studies, and this book has helped me when creating the Historical
Context and Proposal page(s) of my website. Since this book gave a divergent view onthe Marshall
Planthatmostothersources,itfurtherdeepenedmyunderstandingofthetopic.
History.comStaff.
"MarshallPlan."H
istory.com.A&ETelevisionNetworks,2009.Web.17Nov.2015.
Annotation: This web page presents key ideas of the Marshall Plan. This website gave mea general
overview ofthe Marshall Plan, includingthe process of implementation and costs. Thiswebsite gave
me a good understanding of the MarshallPlan,whichprovedusefulduringthebeginningstagesofmy
research.
Hitchcock,WilliamI.,
TheMarshallPlanandtheCreationoftheWestVolume1:Origins
,Cambridge
University,2010,Print.
Annotation: In this book, Hitchcock discusses the establishment of the sociopoliticalregionwhich
became known as the West. Thebook details how the MarshallPlan andthe Cold War influenced
this development. This allowed me to understand theenormous social impacts of the Marshall Plan,
andhelpedmecreatetheHistoricalContextpage(s)ofmywebsite.
Hogan,MichaelJ.
TheMarshallPlan:America,Britain,andtheReconstructionofWesternEurope
.
Cambridge:CambridgeUP,1987.Print.
Annotation:In this book, MichaelHoganshows how TheMarshallPlanwasmorethananeffort toput
American aid behind the economic reconstruction of Europe, asAmericanofficialshopedtorefashion
Western Europe into a smaller version of the integratedsinglemarket and mixed capitalisteconomy
that existed in the United States. This book greatly helped me on the Historical Context and

Implementation page(s) of my website, as Hogan's emphasis on integration is part of a major

reinterpretation that sees the Marshall Plan as an extension of American domestic. This book
profoundly shaped my knowledge and understanding ofthe origins of the MarshallPlan,andhowthe
MarshallPlanwasimplementedthroughoutwesternEurope.
Jones,Howard.
"ANewKindofWar"
America'sGlobalStrategyandtheTrumanDoctrineinGreece.New
York:OxfordUP,1997.Print.
Annotation:This bookoutlineshowAmerica'sexperienceinGreecehasoftenbeencitedasamodelby
those later policymakers in Washington who regard the involvement as a "victory" for American
foreign policy. This book helped we write the Truman Doctrine and Legacypage(s)ofthewebsite,as
PresidentJohnson and others referred toGreece as the model forAmerica'sdeepeninginvolvementin
Vietnam during the mid1960's. This book helped me understand how Greece was atest before the
world of America's resolve to protect the principle of selfdetermination. Jones makes several
arguments, including that Americanpolicy towardsGreecewasthefocalpointinthedevelopmentofa
global strategy designed to combat totalitarianismfurthermore,theWhiteHouseandothersdrawnthe
real "lessons" from the intervention in Greece, thedecisionsregardingVietnammighthavebeenmore
carefullythoughtout.
Judt,Tony.
Postwar:AHistoryofEuropesince1945
.NewYork:Penguin,2005.Print.
Annotation: This compelling Pulitzer Prize finalist outlines postwar Europeanhistoryfrom Lisbonto
Leningrad, integrating international relations, domestic politics, ideas, social change, economic
development, and culture high andlowintoasinglegrandnarrative.Thisbookisthecornerstoneof
my research on conditions during postwar Europe, and I couldnt have askedfor a better book. The
book immensely shaped my understanding on why Communism was able to flourish before the
MarshallPlan,ultimatelylinkingmyknowledgetootheraspectsofthewebsite.
Kissinger,HenryA.
"ReflectionsontheMarshallPlan."
ReflectionsontheMarshallPlan.HarvardGazette,22
May2015.Web.12Dec.2015.

Annotation:This articleby HenryS.KissingerfortheHarvardGazettereflects howMarshallextended

Americas hand to a battered Europe, helping to create a stable postwar order. This article was very
interesting to read as when Kissinger was National Security Advisor under Nixon,he pioneeredthe
policy of dtente with theSovietUnion, seekingarelaxation intensions betweenthetwosuperpowers.
ThishelpedwithmyunderstandingonthelegacyoftheMarshallPlan.
Marcus,J.S.
"PostwarEurope,UpCloseandPersonal."
WSJ.WallStreetJournal,24Apr.2015.Web.1Nov.
2015.
Annotation:This articleby J.S. Marcus discusses the the social disintegrationofpostwareurope.This
allowed metounderstandtheenormoussocialimpactsoftheSecondWorldWar,andhelpedmecreate
thePostWarEuropepageofmywebsite.
Miscamble,WilsonD.
GeorgeF.KennanandtheMakingofAmericanForeignPolicy
,19471950.Princeton,
NewJersey:PrincetonUniversityPress,1992,Print.
Annotation:George F.Kennan wasadiplomatandhistorianduringtheearlydaysofthe ColdWarera.
Miscambles book allowed me to understand Kennans role in devising foreign aid programs,
especiallytheMarshallPlan,underSecretaryofStateGeorgeMarshall
O'Brien,Sam.
"QuestioningtheMarshallPlanintheBuilduptotheColdWar."
InquiryJournal.Ed.Jennifer
Lee.UniversityofNewHampshire,07Apr.2014.Web.6Jan.2016.
Annotation:ThisarticlebySamOBrienfortheUniversityof NewHampshireInquiryJournalpresents
the MarshallPlaninahighlycriticalmanner,claimingthattheeffectsof theMarshallPlanwerehighly
exaggerated bymany historians. This article is thebackboneof mycounterargumentfortheMarshall
Plan, and this document helped me greatly when creating the Criticism page for my website. This
websitedefinitelybroadenedmyunderstandingoftheMarshallPlan,especiallyitseffects.
Payne,AngelaR.andThakka,Bharat,
TheMarshallPlanGlobalStrategyandForeignHumanitarianAid,
InTechOpenAccess,2015,Web.

Annotation:This scholarly article clearly outlinedtheMarshallPlanasaturningpoint.Thishelpedme

understand how theMarshall Plan fitinto thetheme of this years National History Day theme while
creatingthewebsite,andalsoprovidednecessarybackgroundknowledgeoftheMarshallPlan.
Provan,John,Dr.
"TheMarshallPlanandItsConsequences."
GeorgeMarshallGesellschaft(e.V.)VereinZur
FrderungDerDeutschamerikanischenBeziehungen.GeorgeMarshallSociety,n.d.Web.3Jan.2016.
Annotation: This web page outlines the far reaching impacts of theMarshall Plan, both socially and
economically. It providedthenecessarybackgroundknowledgeonthelegacy oftheMarshallplan, and
helpedmewhencreatingtheLegacypage(s)ofmywebsite.
Ritschl,Albrecht.
"Germany,GreeceandtheMarshallPlan."
TheEconomist.TheEconomistNewspaper,15
June2012.Web.1Sept.2015.
Annotation: This article by Albrecht Ritschl, professor of economic history at the LondonSchoolof
Economics, for the Newpaper/Magazine theEconomistoutlines the economic situation ofGreeceand
Germany during theMarshall Plan and today. Thearticle arguesthatthe successoftheMarshallPlan
to Greece and Germany should beconsideredby21stcenturypolicymakers.Thisarticledeepenedmy
understandingonthesuccessoftheMarshallPlanonawhole.
Stoler,MarkA.
GeorgeC.Marshall:SoldierstatesmanoftheAmericanCentury
.Boston:Twayne,1989.Print.
Annotation: This book highlights a career that paralleled the emergence of the United States as an
international power, George C.Marshallwas aparticipantineverysignificantevent contributingtothe
nation's status as a superpower. Stoler emphasizes the years 19391951, while Marshall served as
World War II army chief of staff, special presidential representative to China, secretary ofstateatthe
beginning of theColdWar, and Korean War secretary of defense. I have used keyaspectsand details
of this astounding book throughout my website, and this bookgreatlyhelpedmyunderstandingonthe
MarshallPlaninparticular.
Thompson,RachelYarnell.
Marshall:AStatesmanShapedintheCrucibleofWar
.NewYorkCity:Simon&
Schuster,2015.Print.

Annotation: This book presents Secretary of State Marshall, with hisglobal experience in two world
wars, asan enlightened andvisionary conceptforthereconstructionofEuropeinthepostwarperiod
the European Recovery Program,better known as theMarshall Plan. Yarnellpresentsanauthoritative
and superbly readable story of George C. Marshall's extraordinary journey, which helped me when
creating the Marshall Plan page(s) ofmywebsite.This book helped broadenmy understandingonthe
MarshallPlan.
TheMarshallPlaninterviewwithMarkA.Stoler.
Emailinterview.15Jan.2016.
Annotation: This is an interview Ihave personally conducted, viaelectronic mail, with University of
Vermont Professor Emeritus Mark A. Stoler and author of the book
George C. Marshall:
Soldierstatesman ofthe AmericanCentury
.Thisinterviewprovidedmewiththeanswers toanyofmy
questions when reading Stolers book, and Stolers responses solidified my understanding on the
MarshallPlan.
TheMarshallPlaninterviewwithJeffreyS.Kozak.
Emailinterview.15Jan.2016.
Annotation:This is an interview Ihave personally conducted, viaelectronic mail, withthedirectorof
Library and Archives at theGeorgeC.MarshallFoundation,JeffreyS.Kozak.Inthisinterview,Ihave
asked thesame questions as with Professor EmeritusMarkA.Stolertogivemeadifferentperspective
onthesubject.
Unger,Debi,IrwinUnger,andStanleyP.Hirshson.
GeorgeMarshall:ABiography
.NewYorkCity:
HarperCollins,2014.Print.
Annotation: This interpretive biography of George C. Marshall explores Marshalls successes and
failures during World War II, and his contributions through two critical yearsof the emerging Cold
Warincluding the transformative Marshall Plan, which saved Western Europe from Soviet
domination, and the utter failure to uniteChinasnationalistsandcommunists.Ihave usedkeyaspects
and details of this astounding book throughout my website, andthisbookbroadenedandstretchedmy
understandingofMarshallhimselfandhisambitiousplanprofoundly.

UnknownAuthors.
"NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO),194919451952MilestonesOfficeofthe
Historian."
OfficeoftheHistorian.NATO,n.d.Web.15Dec.2015.
Annotation:This website described the history of NATO, and alsodescribedNATOasthebrainchild
of the Marshall Plan. It helped me when creating the Legacy page(s) of my website. and further
assistedmyunderstandingonthefarreachingpoliticalimpactsoftheMarshallPlan.