Localization Techniques

Introduction
Localization techniques are very useful for smart interaction system
Smart interaction means controlling electrical devices in a room through mobile
application with good user interface.
In existing system user needs to know devices ids its intricate task
In Mobile application based smart interaction system user can understand
devices by observing positions of the devices in mobile application
Research task here is, to get locations of the devices in room . For that we
proposed 3D localization algorithms.

Implemented 3D localization algorithm

1.Centroid based localization
2.Antenna Radiation Pattern Based 3D Localization Technique

Problems Accuracy is very less

Proposed Algorithm
1. Collection of RSSI values at all beacon positions on 2D plane.
2. Average RSSI values of beacon positions from target node over each
grid.
3. Find centroid of beacon locations which are in maximum average
RSSI value of grid. It will give 2D location of Target node.
4. Estimating height by using distances between Target node and
beacon locations. To find distances path-loss model used.

Proposed Algorithm
Estimating distance by using path-loss model:
Revised Hata Okumara model (2) is used.

Proposed Algorithm

Proposed Algorithm

Results analysis

Predicted location error

Antenna Radiation Pattern Based 3D Localization Technique- Antenna radiation

effect also considered and got up to 50cm accuracy . To improve following
technology can be an alternative in future
Ultra wide band technology range accuracy (2 cm to 15 cm)

Ultra wide band system

It is an emerging wireless communication technology that can transmit data at
very high speed around 200 Mbps ( up to 10 meter),low power , low cost .
Technology for short range wireless radio communications (up to 100 meter)
7.5 GHZ of free spectrum
Generation of extremely short digital pulses in the nanosecond range
Limited transmit power of -41dbm/MHZ
Advantage- Multipath immunity to fading
ChallengesInterference with other licensed bands
Low power operation

Principles of positioning
Three Principles of positioning
TOA(Time of Arrival)&RTD(Round trip delay)
TDOA(time difference of arrival)
AOA(Angle of arrival)
Application
UWB as WPAN(IEEE 802.15.3a)
UWB as localization device

A 3D Ad Hoc Localization systems

Local coordinate system determination

After linearization

 Aerial node Deployment and Localization

Aerial node must find its position using only the ground sensor nodes, for this
following two condition must satisfy
it least four sensor required on ground
Initial guess of an aerial node position should have a positive height to prevent
an incorrectly converged position below the ground due to the vertical ambiguity

 Convergence of successive refinement

As the number of iteration increases ,[2,1 ] and [2,2 ] will become lower and
converge to some values.

 User positioning performance -TDOA positioning Accuracy

Where H denoting the partial derivative

Work
Antenna implemented in MATLAB to calculate Pt (transmitted power by antenna
) in different direction.
Using Pt antenna radiation pattern localization technique developed.
want to do more literature survey to understand UWB technology
Trying to develop new algorithm which can reduced error.

Thank you

Question & Answer

Q.1 What is your contribution?

Ans -Implemented dipole antenna in matlab and calculated transmitted power for different
azimuthal and elevation angle which is very useful to minimize error due to antenna radiation
pattern.
Q.2 How did you use this method(Ad hoc) in your to localization system?
Ans- In this method Ad hoc network used in which each sensor node works as server and using
angle of arrival and other aerial node localize itself and broadcast this information. To increase
accuracy and to make localization system immune to multipath fading this method can be used .
Q.3 how much did you get accuracy so far? How much error can you reduces using UWB
technology?
Ans- In antenna radiation paper(wpmc) we got up to 50 cm accuracy .Using UWB technology we
can get 2 to 15 cm accurate result.

 Q.4 How do you use Pt which depending on azimuthal and elevation angle to
localize target?
Ans- using friis equation and received rssi by Roomba we can calculate distance
between Roomba(IITH mote ) and target node with minimum error.
Q.5 How much this method useful for you?
Ans- UWB is an emerging technology which used for short distance communication
(up to 100m) . UWB has two application WPAN and localization. In dense network
accuracy needed . So this can be very useful for indoor localization to get more
accurate result.
Q.6 how much accurate result did you get so far and how will you increase this ?
Ans- So far 50 cm accurately localized the target. This accuracy can be increased
up to 2 cm using UWB.
Q.7 what are challenges?
Ans. Time synchronization is the main challenge in this technology. For this we
need a good circuitry .