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TheNeoSoulFamilyTree
by The AHHAlternatives Staff June 26th, 2008 @ 2:00pm
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British Soul
by Alex Henderson
Since the rise of the Beatles in the early '60s, England has had no problem
giving the United States a serious run for its money in the rock
department. It is hard to imagine rock music without the contributions of
Great Britain, which has given us everyone from the Rolling Stones and Led
Zeppelin to the Sex Pistols -- not to mention Black Sabbath, the Clash, the
Who, Judas Priest, Oasis and countless others. British rock has been the
subject of numerous articles and essays, but one subject that hasn't been
discussed nearly as much is British R&B. Perhaps England's contributions to
rock have been so great that the country's contributions to soul, funk and
urban contemporary have been overshadowed, and perhaps R&B is so
closely identified with the United States that American listeners usually
don't give much thought to the subject of non-American R&B. After all,
R&B is still dominated by the U.S., and it probably always will be. But
England is, in fact, the world's second largest market for R&B -historically, British listeners have spent more money on soul and urban
contemporary than any other country except the United States. From the
Temptations to Anita Baker to Mary J. Blige, American R&B singers have
enjoyed a great deal of support in England over the years. Great Britain
has also been highly supportive of rap, but that's the subject of another
essay. The main focus of this essay is British R&B singing -- soul, funk,
urban, disco and otherwise. The list of R&B-based (or at least R&B-minded)
artists who have come from England over the years is a long one; it's a list
that includes, among many others, Sade, Lisa Stansfield, Hot Chocolate,
Imagination, Junior, Loose Ends, the Brand New Heavies, Soul II Soul, Caron
Wheeler, Mica Paris, Billy Ocean, Cathy Dennis, Five Star, the Style Council,
David Grant, Jamiroquai and Rick Astley. How do British R&B artists differ
from American R&B artists? In most cases, their phrasing isn't all that
different; people who speak with British accents don't necessarily sing with
British accents. If any one thing separates British R&B singers (some of
them, anyway) from their American counterparts, it is a tendency to be
more eclectic. In the U.S., urban radio formats can be extremely rigid and
unforgiving; consequently, many American urban artists are likely to avoid
being too experimental (which isn't to say that American risk-takers like
Erykah Badu, the Fugees and Macy Gray haven't beaten the odds). In
England, America's urban radio formats are less of a consideration for R&B
artists -- British radio plays a lot of things that American stations won't
touch. Another big difference between British and American R&B artists is
the reggae factor -- a lot of British soul and urban singers have grown up
listening to reggae. In England, reggae has been mainstream for a long
time, whereas reggae has more of a cult following in the U.S. It should be
noted that in London's black community, the Afro-Caribbean culture is
quite strong; so it isn't uncommon for a British soul or urban singer to show
some reggae, Caribbean or Afro-pop influence even if R&B is his/her main
focus. In 1975, Americans got a taste of British R&B when Hot Chocolate's
"You Sexy Thing" because a big hit in the U.S. Hot Chocolate, a soul/funk
band with rock and pop influences, was never huge in the U.S.; their only
big hits on the American side of the Atlantic were "You Sexy Thing" and
1978's "Every 1's a Winner". Nonetheless, they had a strong following in the
U.K. and went down in history as the finest British soulsters of that era.
The '70s also gave us Hi-Tension, a British funk outfit whose influences
included Kool & the Gang, Earth, Wind & Fire and Brass Construction.
Although little known in the U.S., Hi-Tension recorded a noteworthy selftitled LP for Island in 1978. The early to mid-'80s was when England's R&B
scene really exploded -- that was the era that gave us major hits by Junior,
Imagination, Billy Ocean, Loose Ends and Sade. Americans who listened to
urban radio during that time are likely to remember Junior for "Mama Used
to Say," Imagination for "Just An Illusion" and Loose Ends for "Hanging on a
String". Comparing Ocean and Sade really underscores the diversity of
British R&B in the '80s; Ocean had Caribbean influences, while Sade
brought jazz sensibilities to hits like "Smooth Operator" and "The Sweetest
Taboo" -- and yet, both of them are part of British R&B. One of the most
risk-taking British urban/pop groups of the '80s was the Style Council, a
band that was founded by punk icon Paul Weller. Before the Style Council's
formation in 1983, Weller was part of the Jam -- a famous British punk
band of the late '70s and early '80s. Influenced by soul, pop and jazz, the
Style Council was a radical departure from Weller's work with the Jam (just
as Public Image was a serious departure from singer John Lydon's work with
the Sex Pistols). The Style Council weren't soul purists and never claimed
to be, but they were certainly unpredictable and ambitious. In fact, some
British rock critics felt that they could be too ambitious and eclectic for
their own good -- that creatively, they sometimes bit off more than they
could chew. Another frequent complaint about the Style Council was that
their sociopolitical lyrics could be preachy, but all things considered,
Weller's band built an impressive catalog in the '80s. Although the Style
Council had their share of British hits, urban stations in the U.S. were
generally unreceptive to their eclectic approach. Not that the Style
Council was unique in that sense -- many of England's urban, dance-pop
and neo-soul artists of the '80s and '90s were probably too eclectic for
urban radio in the U.S. Nonetheless, American listeners have heard a fair
amount of British R&B and dance music on the radio -- gems like Princess'
"Say I'm Your Number One" in 1986, Rick Astley's "Never Gonna Give You Up"
in 1987, Soul II Soul's "Keep on Movin'" in 1989 and Lisa Stansfield's "All
Around the World" in 1990. The '80s also gave us plenty of British artists
who were more pop than R&B but still had a definite soul influence,
including Wham!, George Michael, Culture Club, the Eurythmics,
Everything But the Girl, Swing Out Sister and Simply Red. Culture Club's
Motown-influenced "Church of the Poison Mind," the Eurythmics' "Missionary
Man," Simply Red's "Holding Back the Years" and Wham!'s "Careless Whisper"
aren't the work of soul purists, but they are the work of pop artists who
have a healthy appreciation of American R&B. In the early '90s, veteran Los
Angeles Times rock critic Robert Hilburn traveled to London and wrote an
article about a "new British invasion" -- and this time, the "invaders" that
he was describing were R&B-oriented instead of rock-oriented. Hilburn was
inspired to write the article by the wave of British R&B artists who
emerged in the late '80s and early '90s -- a wave that included, among
others, Soul II Soul, Caron Wheeler (who was a Soul II Soul participant
before she became a full-time solo artist), Mica Paris, the Brand New
Heavies, Cathy Dennis and Lisa Stansfield (who has often been described as
the most convincing white R&B singer to come along since Teena Marie).
Many of the British artists who emerged during that period had a neo-soul
outlook and were able to blend influences from different eras. Stansfield,
for example, combined a strong Barry White influence with a high-tech
urban/hip-hop production style on her debut album, Affection, which
included her breakthrough hit "All Around the World". Soul II Soul leader
Jazzie B., meanwhile, was influenced by Chic but was also influenced by
everything from hip-hop and house to African music. While Soul II Soul,
Paris and Stansfield were the essence of neo-soul, the Brand New Heavies
favored a totally retro approach on their '90s albums. If you didn't know for
a fact that their self-titled debut album was recorded in the early '90s, it
would be easy to assume that it was recorded in the '70s -- their sound was
right out of the era that gave us Tower Of Power, Rufus/Chaka Khan and
the Average White Band (who came from England's neighbor Scotland). The
Brand New Heavies were never innovative or groundbreaking, but they
were still great at what they did and had a jewel of a lead singer in N'Dea
Davenport (who was featured on the U.K. hits "Dream Come True" and "Stay
This Way"). Davenport, an American vocalist who had moved to England,
subsequently left the band and pursued a solo career. One can only
speculate on where R&B in general will go in the 21st Century. But it is a
safe bet that while the United States will continue to dominate the field,
England will remain a strong market for R&B as well as dance-pop and rap.
Recommended Recordings: Lisa Stansfield, Affection (Arista) Sade,
Diamond Life (Epic) Junior, Ji (Mercury) Brand New Heavies, The Brand
New Heavies (Delicious Vinyl) Soul II Soul, Keep On Movin' (Virgin) Soul II
Soul, Vol. II: 1990, A New Decade (Virgin) Imagination, Like It Is (RCA) Hot
Chocolate, Hot Chocolate (Big Tree) Caron Wheeler, U.K. Blak (EMI) Mica
Paris, Contribution (Island) Samantha Siva, Rhythm of the Voices (Genie)
Cathy Dennis, Move to This (Polydor) Princess, Princess (Next Plateau) HiTension, Hi-Tension (Island) Rick Astley, Whenever You Need Somebody
(RCA) David Grant, Anxious Edge (4th & Broadway) Billy Ocean, Suddenly
(Arista) The Style Council, My Ever Changing Moods (Geffen)
http://randb.about.com/od/rb12/p/NeoSoul.htm
What is Neo-Soul?
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See More About
neo-soul
soul music
neo-soul definition
john legend
jill scott
The Definition:
Neo-soul is a musical genre that fuses contemporary R&B and 1970sstyle soul with elements of hip-hop. As its name (new-soul) implies,
Neo-Soul music is essentially modern-day soul music, with
contemporary attitudes and sensibilities. It differs from contemporary
R&B in that it's obviously more soulful, and it also tends to have deeper
messages and meanings than R&B. In general, neo-soul has remained
almost exclusive to R&B outlets such as urban radio and Black
Entertainment Television.
Its Origins:
Many musicians in the genre however, dislike the term Neo-Soul and
have disassociated themselves from it, calling it nothing more than a
shallow marketing tool. Many of these artists refer to themselves simply
as Soul musicians. A perfect example of this is the singer Jaguar Wright,
who entitled her second album Divorcing Neo to Marry Soul.
Popular Artists:
http://randb.about.com/od/rb12/a/Neo_Soul.htm
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See More About
soul music
neo-soul
erykah badu
musiq soulchild
Neo-soul is a musical genre that fuses contemporary R&B and 1970sstyle soul with elements of hip-hop. The actual term is believed to have
originated with Kedar Massenburg of Motown Records in the late-1990s.
The genre itself however, is considered to have originated in the mid-
1990s with the work of Raphael Saadiq's band Tony! Toni! Ton! and
with D'Angelo's 1995 album Brown Sugar.
In 1997, Motown artist Erykah Badu released her debut album,
Baduizm, the success of which paved the way for new Motown chief
Kedar Massenburg to shift the direction of much of the company's
output towards Badu's style, which he dubbed neo-soul. To date, the
neo-soul artist to make a largest impact on the mainstream is Lauryn
Hill, whose 1998 The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill was a critical and
commercial smash and wound up winning five Grammy Awards.
As its name (new-soul) implies, Neo-Soul music is essentially modernday soul music, with contemporary attitudes and sensibilities. It differs
from contemporary R&B in that it's obviously more soulful, and it also
tends to have deeper messages and meanings than typical
contemporary R&B.
In general, neo-soul has remained almost exclusive to R&B outlets such
as urban radio and BET; most of its artists are unfamiliar to mainstream
audiences, and its sound generally focuses on artist expression rather
than pop orientation. While these artists have found major success in
those venues, they generally have yet to crossover to mainstream
American music listeners.
Many musicians in the genre, however, prefer to disassociate themselves
from the tag and simply refer to themselves as Soul musicians.
Examples of popular Neo-Soul artists include Erykah Badu, Musiq
Soulchild, India.Arie and Raphael Saadiq.