Seeders

FARM EQUIPMENTS

There are

several different types of seeders used to spread seeds

into the ground. The types of seeders used will depend
on the type of soil, type of plant and land area. Disc
seeders are used on clay and clay loam soils. These
are known as once-over seeders; they place the seed
in the ground very fast, and only one pass on the
field is needed. Double-disc seeders are used when the seed needs to be
placed very accurately into the soil. It is not suitable for hard soils, as tillage
is needed before using the double-disc seeder. A double-disc press drill is like
a double-disc drill with the addition of press wheels. The press wheel will
pack the soil over the seed once it has been placed in the ground. Cultivator
seeders are also known as air seeders and use a stream of air to place the
seed onto the field.

Threshers
There are several different types of threshers as
these machines are classified based on how the crop
is fed through the machine. A feeding type in which
only a part of the crop is fed into the machine allows
for the straw to remain intact but has a low
throughput. A crop flow thresher moves the crop
through the thresher, where it is separated from the straw by being crushed
between a drum and outer casing. Threshing elements, or the drum in the
center of the thresher, can have rasp bars, peg teeth or wire loops attached.

Irrigation
There are several different machines that can be
used for irrigation on the farm. Sprayers, pumps and
tubing are used. Irrigation water will require pumps to
transfer the water through the system to the desired
field. There are several types of sprinkler systems to
provide water for irrigation. These sprinklers can be

fixed in place or portable, normally towers on wheels that carry the sprinkler
system to different fields. Watering cans can even be used for smaller farm
land where manual irrigation is used.

Tractors
Tractors are used for towing, drawing and pulling heavy
objects and other pieces of farm machinery, such
as tillers. There are many different types of
tractors, as specific tractors were designed for
specific jobs. The compact utility tractor is used for
land management and landscaping. The backhoe
loader has many uses, though it has a loader assembly on the front and a
backhoe on the back. This tractor can be used for loading trucks,
construction, digging and tasks that require very precise control. Garden
tractors are small types of agricultural tractors that are used to cut grass or
for tilling, fertilizing and other tasks.

FARM TOOLS
A rake (Old English raca, cognate with Dutch raak, German Rechen, from
the root meaning "to scrape together," "heap up") is a broomfor outside use;
a horticultural implement consisting of a toothed bar fixed transversely to a
handle, and used to collect leaves, hay, grass, etc., and, in gardening, for
loosening the soil, light weeding and levelling, removing dead grass from
lawns, and generally for purposes performed in agriculture by the harrow.
A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural hand tool used to shape the
soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. Shaping the soil can be
piling soil around the base of plants (hilling), creating narrow furrows (drills)
and shallow trenches for planting seeds and bulbs. Weed control with a hoe
can be by agitating the surface of the soil or by cutting foliage from the
roots, and clearing soil of old roots and crop residues. Hoes for digging and
moving soil are used harvesting root crops such as potatoes. Large
"mechanized" versions of rakes are used in farming, called hay rakes, are
built in many different forms (e.g. star-wheel rakes, rotary rakes etc.). Nonmechanized farming may be done with various forms of a hand rake.
A garden fork, spading fork, digging fork or graip is a gardening
implement, with a handle and several (usually four) short, sturdy tines. It is
used for loosening, lifting and turning over soil in gardening and farming. It is
used similarly to a spade, but in many circumstances it is more appropriate
than a spade: the tines allow the implement to be pushed more easily into
the ground, it can rake out stones and weeds and break up clods, it is not so
easily stopped by stones, and it does not cut through weed roots or rootcrops. Garden forks were originally made of wood, but the majority are now
made of carbon steel or stainless steel.
A shovel is a tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such
as soil, coal, gravel, snow, sand, or ore. Shovels are used extensively
inagriculture, construction, and gardening. Most shovels are hand
tools consisting of a broad blade fixed to a medium-length handle. Shovel
blades are usually made of sheet steel or hard plastics and are very strong.
Shovel handles are usually made of wood (especially specific varieties such
as ash or maple) or glass-reinforced plastic (fibreglass).

A spade is a tool primarily for digging or removing earth and fixing soil.
[1]
Early spades were made of riven wood. After the art of metalworking was
discovered, spades were made with sharper tips of metal. Before the
introduction of metal spades manual labor was less efficient at moving earth,
with picks being required to break up the soil in addition to a spade for
moving the dirt. With a metal tip, a spade can both break and move the
earth in most situations, increasing efficiency.
A wheelbarrow is a small hand-propelled vehicle, usually with just
one wheel, designed to be pushed and guided by a single person using two
handles at the rear, or by a sail to push the ancient wheelbarrow by wind.
The term "wheelbarrow" is made of two words: "wheel" and "barrow."
"Barrow" is a derivation of the Old English "bearwe" which was a device used
for carrying loads. The wheelbarrow is designed to distribute the weight of its
load between the wheel and the operator so enabling the convenient
carriage of heavier and bulkier loads than would be possible were the weight
carried entirely by the operator. As such it is a second-class lever. Traditional
Chinese wheelbarrows, however, had a central wheel supporting the whole
load. Use of wheelbarrows is common in theconstruction industry and
in gardening. Typical capacity is approximately 100 liters (4 cubic feet) of
material.
A watering can (or watering pot) is a portable container, usually with a
handle and a spout, used to water plants by hand. It has been in use from at
least the 17th century and has since seen many improvements in design.
Apart from watering plants, it has varied uses, as it is a fairly versatile tool.

FARM IMPLEMENTS

A cultivator is any of several types of farm implement used for secondary

tillage. One sense of the name refers to frames with teeth (also called
shanks) that pierce the soil as they are dragged through it linearly.
Threshing machine (or thresher), a device that first separates the head of
a stalk of grain from the straw, and then further separates the kernel from
the rest of the head: is a component of a plow (or plough). It is the cutting or
leading edge of a moldboard which closely follows the coulter (one or more
ground-breaking spikes) when plowing.

The plowshare or share plough is often a hardened blade dressed into an

integral moldboard (by the blacksmith) so making a unified combination of
plowshare and moldboard, the whole being responsible for entering the cleft
in the earth (made by the coulter's first cutting-through) and turning the
earth over.
A disc harrow is a farm implement that is used to till the soil where crops
are to be planted. It is also used to chop up unwanted weeds or
crop remainders. It consists of many carbon steel and sometimes the longer
lasting boron discs, which have many varying concavities and disc blade
sizes and spacing (the choices of the later being determined by the final
result required in a given soil type) and which are arranged into two sections
("offset disc harrow") or four sections ("tandem disc harrow"). When viewed
from above, the four sections would appear to form an "X" which has been
flattened to be wider than it is tall. The discs are also offset so that they are
not parallel with the overall direction of the implement. This arrangement
ensures that the discs will repeatedly slice any ground to which they are
applied, in order to optimize the result. The concavity of the discs as well as
their offset angle causes them to loosen and lift the soil that they cut.
A rotary tiller, also known as a rototiller, rotavator, rotary hoe, power
tiller, or rotary plow (rotary plough in British English), is a motorized
cultivator that works the soil by means of rotating tines or blades. Rotary
tillers are either self-propelled or drawn as an attachment behind either a
two-wheel tractor or four-wheel tractor.