Television

Television is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting sound with moving images
in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions. It can refer to
a television set, a television program, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass
medium, for entertainment, education, news and advertising.
Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, an
improved form became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became
commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary
medium for influencing public opinion.[1] In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the
US and most other developed countries. The availability of storage media such as VHS tape
(1976), DVDs (1997), and high-definition Blu-ray Discs (2006) enabled viewers to watch recorded
material such as movies. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions
greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the move from standard-definition
television (SDTV) (576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution and 480i) to high-definition television
(HDTV), which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various
formats: 1080p, 1080i and 720p. Since 2010, with the invention of smart television, Internet
television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through
services such as Netflix, iPlayer, Hulu, Roku andChromecast.

History

Mechanical television
Main article: Mechanical television
Facsimile transmission systems for still photographs pioneered methods of mechanical scanning of
images in the early 19th century. Alexander Bain introduced the facsimile machine between 1843
and 1846. Frederick Bakewelldemonstrated a working laboratory version in 1851. [citation needed] Willoughby
Smith discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium in 1873.
The Nipkow disk. This schematic shows the circular paths traced by the holes that may also be square for
greater precision. The area of the disk outlined in black shows the region scanned.

As a 23-year-old German university student, Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow proposed and patented
the Nipkow disk in 1884.[11] This was a spinning disk with a spiral pattern of holes in it, so each hole
scanned a line of the image. Although he never built a working model of the system, variations of
Nipkow's spinning-disk "image rasterizer" became exceedingly common.[12] Constantin Perskyi had

coined the word television in a paper read to the International Electricity Congress at
the International World Fair in Paris on 25 August 1900. Perskyi's paper reviewed the existing
electromechanical technologies, mentioning the work of Nipkow and others. [13] However, it was not
until 1907 that developments in amplification tube technology by Lee de Forest and Arthur Korn,
among others, made the design practical.[14]

Mobile phone
A mobile phone is a telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency carrier while
the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a
connection to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to the public
switched telephone network (PSTN). Most modern mobile telephone services use a cellular
network architecture, and therefore mobile telephones are often also called cellular
telephones or cell phones. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones support a variety of
other services, such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless
communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming, and photography. Mobile
phones which offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell[1][2] and Martin
Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing c. 4.4 lbs (2 kg).[3] In 1983, the DynaTAC
8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide
mobile phone subscriptions grew to over seven billion, penetrating 100% of the global population
and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.[4] In 2014, the top mobile phone manufacturers
were Samsung, Nokia, Apple, and LG.[5]

History
A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering.
In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very
thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio
communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began
after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile
telephony have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early "0G" (zeroth
generation) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor,
the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These "0G" systems were not cellular, supported few
simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.

Missile

In modern usage, a missile is a self-propelled precision-guided munition system, as opposed to an

unguided self-propelled munition, referred to as a rocket (although these too can also be guided).
Missiles have four system components: targeting and/or missile guidance, flight system, engine, and
warhead. Missiles come in types adapted for different purposes: surface-to-surface and air-tosurface missiles (ballistic, cruise, anti-ship, anti-tank, etc.), surface-to-air missiles (and antiballistic), air-to-air missiles, and anti-satellite weapons. All known existing missiles are designed to
be propelled during powered flight by chemical reactions inside a rocket engine, jet engine, or other
type of engine.[citation needed] Non-self-propelled airborneexplosive devices are generally referred to
as shells and usually have a shorter range than missiles.
In ordinary British-English usage predating guided weapons, a missile is "any thrown object", such
as objects thrown at players by rowdy spectators at a sporting event. [1]