HEMATOLOGY

-arterial bld: 95% -> 95mmHg

- venous bld 70% -> 40mmHg
-p50 -> 26.6 26.6 mmHg

Angle of syringe: 15 degrees

Wintrobe (for ESR and macroHct) Westergren

A. Macro Hct

Tube: 115mm(11.5cm) 300mm (grad line is until 200mm)

Spun Hct 2000-2300g for 30 mins

Bore: 3mm Internal: 2.65mm External: 5.5mm

1st layer: Fatty layer - Barely visible unless pt is lipemic

Uses citrate: Original Westergren Uses EDTA: Modified

2nd layer: Plasma

Westergren

3rd layer: Buffy coat; 1mm = 10,000 wbcs/cumm

Dispette: Disposable Westergren EDTA - shrinkage of cells

Bottom: packed cells

Hct; ESR

B. MicroHct using Adam's or Capillary tube (blue/red)

Not for coagulation: - inhibit fibrinogen thrombin reaction -

Blue: for anticoag, wb

factor V is not stable

Red: cont heparin for non anti coag, wb

Turbidity false Hemoglobin

Over anticoagulated blood can: DECREASED ESR

1. High wbc - Remedy: centrifuge, read supernatant

2. Hbs and Hb - Remedy: dilute 1:1 with water and result x 2
3 Lipemia - Remedy: patient blank

In DIC, the D-dimer test would yield positive result after how

G6PD def

many hours? 4hoursGrade smear if the degree of

1. Ascorbate-cyanide test -Det enz def. involve in pentose

poikilocytosis is 20-50 per OIO/F? 3+

PO4 pathway
Rgt: sodium cyanide, sodium ascorbate

Grading for poikilocytosis: WNL: 0-2

A. Normal: red B. Enz def: brown

HMS - a. G6PD def: corrects with glucose only

1+: 3-10

EM - b. pyruvate kinase def: corrects with ADP only

2+: 10-20

C. HS corrects with glucose and ADP

3+: 20-50

Scatterplot electricity, conductivity and lights

4+: >50

Monocyte CD11 Stem Cell CD34

Leptocyte/mexican hat cells/codocyte

Pathological cause of leukopenia except Polycythemia

-or target cells; seen in thalassemia

Test done >2hours not falsely increased ESR

Stomatocyte
- mouth/opening; Rh null phenotype

HATSS (helmet, acanthocyte, teardrop, schisto and sphero)

1+ 1-5
2+ 5-10

How can you differentiate a rubricyte from a lymphocyte?

3+ >10
TOBES (target, ovalo, burr, ellipto, stomato)

Lymphocyte Rubricyte

1+ 3-10

- scant of cytoplasm - abundant cytoplasm

2+ 11-20

-robin egg blue of cytoplasm - polychromatophilic (start of

3+ >20

the prdxn of Hb) normoblast

- thin rim cytoplasm - reddish blue cytoplasm

10-15um, coarse, kidney shape Metamyelocyte

Hematopoiesis

3-4 aggregates of RBC are graded as: 1+

1. Mesoblastic period - 19th day of gestation

2. Hepatic period - 3rd month of gestation

Leukocytosis happens in nonpathologic conditions: smoking,

3. Myeloid period - 5th/6th months of gestation - adult BM

stress, after eating

Prekalikrein is detected APTT

1 pronormoblast: 16 rbcs

What is the effect of kaolin contaminated with thromboplastin

Hemoglobin Synthesis - Polychromatophilic normoblast

- Shortened PTT

(begins) -> retics (ends)

unfilled portion of capillary tube: 10-15mm Filled portion

OXyHb dissociation curve - sigmoid in shape

5cm. 0.05ml blood

What is the cell that is seen with nuclei with demarcating

Completed BGL, lactose bile broth

membrane- promegakaryocyte

S. aureus staphyloxanthin

What is seen in the second trimester of pregnancy

Assuming that the medtech in the lab who process fecalysis

neutrophilia

contaminated with ascaris without washing his hands -

What factor group is consumed during coag? Thrombin

nothing will happen

group

Blood diagnosis- schisto IFA

Rbc with ref to size: Microcytosis, anisocytosis, macrocytosis

Stool prep with cellophane immersed with malachite green

Not used in actual rbc description hyperchromia

and glycerol - kato thick

Stem cell to blast 5 days, life span with tissue phase 9-10

Stool for more than 1 hr is stored at: room temp

days. granulocyte

Chromatoid bodies on trichrome stains is colored - bright

Stem cell to blast 5 days, 8-11 days life span? Thrombocytes

orange to red

Length of lancet 1.75mm

Late chlamydia spx must be rejected

Canalicular system extends deeply inside

Lyophilization of pure culture - freeze at -20 to -30 deg

Most fragile lymphocyte (smudge)

Undercooked fish Clonorchis sinensis

Fibrinogen 150-400mg/dL

Metacercariae in waterplant Fasciola and Fasciolopsis

WBC with toxic materials toxic granulations

Crabs and crayfish P. westermanni

Initiated by drinking alcohol Taenia saginata
T. brucei - Winterbottom sign T. cruzi Romanas sign

MICROBIOLOGY

Ascaris larval migration (Loeffler pneumonitis)

Flukes and cestodes clinicaly hermaphroditic

SPS 0.025-0.05%

D. latum 1st IH (copepods), 2nd IH (fish)

Acetamide utilization test media is incubated at: 35 deg for 7

HEPA filter larger than 0.3um

days for P. aeruginosa

Paragonimus westermanii - 1st IH (snail), 2nd IH (crab)

70% KOH: mucolytic agent

Arthrobacter Brevibacterium

Sterilizing of glasswares using dry heat oven uses: 160 to

Grade A milk Raw 75,000/mL Pasteurized 15,000/mL

180 for 2 hrs

Volmer Patch Von Pirquet - Scratch

Color positive for VP - red (indole, MR,VP)

P. aeruginosa grows at: Both 35 and 42 degrees
(campylobacter)

HISTOPATHOLOGY/MEDTECH LAWS

CAP: Neisseria and Haemphilus

The ff are adhesives: 123

Positive CAMP test

1. Plasma

Listeria : postive rectangle (block) hemolysis

2. Gelatin - added in flotation water bath

S. agalactiae: positive arrow head beta hemolysis

3. Egg albumin - thymol crystals prevents growth of fungi

LOA acitivity of E. aerogenes: lysine and ornithine +

4. Canada balsam

Acetate test can be used to ID E.coli. This test uses acetate

as the sole source of CARBON if so, breakdown of sodium
acetate

Section 19 rating in the exam - In order to pass

Carbon alkaline range blue

- GWA of atleast 75; No rating below 50% in any major

Which of the ff larva of nematodes can be seen in Sputum

subjects

Sx - S. stercoralis

Fixative must not be sensitive to the subsequent processes

In collecting Sx for herpesviridae which should not be used?

Most common: 10% Neutral buffered formalin

Additive - formation of crosslinks, eg formalin

A. Calcium alginate

Non additive - removal of water

B. cotton

Methyl green - Stain for DNA, RNA

C. dacron

In order not to lose minute specimen, what can you do?

D. rayon

Picric acid

Used during presumptive tests - lactose broth or lauryl

Recommended knife for rotary: Biconcave

tryptose broth

Newborn screening - PKU, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia,

Confirmed test - BGL, Endo, Levine EMB

G6PD, Galactosemia, and Congenital Hypothyroidism

Prosector of autopsy: Pathologist

physiologic (normal)

No renewal for 5 years - removed from the roster

Types of discreet analyzer - VITROS, DIMENSION

Fixation is enhanced by Agitation and heat

Increased alcoholism - GGT, urates, TAG

Routinely used decalcifying agent Nitric acid

What are the conditions assoc in LD flipped pattern - MI, HA,

Most rapid decalcifying agent - Fluroglucin nitric acid

Renal infarction

Dehydration increasing grade of alcohol

Thyrotoxocosis/ plummers dses - dec TSH, N T4, inc FT3, t3

Removal of excess stain so that specific substance may be

Reference method for lipoproteins analysis - ultracentri with

stained - differentiation

K bromide 1.063 spG

Which of the ff conditions cannot cause the non-issuance of

Trough is being measured by: Blood drawn immediately or

license - SLE patients

30 mins before Rx adm

Pirma sa COR: PRC comm and the 3 BOMT

Newborn screening uses this spx - BLOOD SPOT

Clearing agent - Should be miscible with alcohol, paraffin

HE4 and CA 125 - malignancy in women presenting with

PNRI radioactive waste disposal

pelvic mass

AKO first word sa panunumpa

Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase Assoc lipocalin - Strongly

DIYOS last word sa panunumpa

expressed from DCT as soon as 2 hrs, post injury and

MAYKAPAL last word sa PAMET

rapidly elevated in the urine

Not done in a secondary lab - MICROBIOLOGY

ProGRP - marker for differential diagnosis between NSCLC

Lungs float fixative addition

and SCLC

Code of Ethics integrity, honesty and reliability

2,5 hydroxycholecalciferol - LCMS/MS - refrence method

Fixative not sensitive

What is the unit used for ethanol impairment? mg/dL

Picric Acid not to lose minute

Considered legally intoxicated for alcohol - 3-4 ounces of

Rotary biconcave

whisky, 100 mg/dl

Plane wedge frozen and hard specimen

IntraMusq injxn - inc CK MM

Nitric Acid 5-10%

2mgdl bilirubin - indicative of jaundice

Butschlii paraffin

25 mgdl bilirubin - icteric sample

Waldeyer hematoxylin

2-3 mgdl - normal value of Hb in plasma

Bevel Angle 27-32

2mg NaF/ml of blood inhibits - glycolysis

Clearance 0-15

10mg NaF/mL - Anticoagulant

LD4 and LD5 - labile at cold
Lithium Heparinized plasma - preferred sample for electrolyte

CHEMISTRY:

testing
Effects of absorbing molecules in fluorescence

In which condition does LDH exhibit a moderate elevation 35 times? MI

Which of these are used as substrate in lipase assay? Olive
oil and triolene
Caraway method: BUN CONWAY: ammonia
Allantoin + tungsten blue: URIC ACID NaOCl: BUN
Serum B HCG has a detection limit: 1-2 mIU/mL
Serum HCG: 1-2 mIU/mL
Urine HCG: 20mIU/mL
Home use: 50IU/mL
Paracetamol is analgesic or poison

-inc light exposure; inc the number ofnexcited molecules on

inc.light output
QC for ISE - Anion gap
Tests analyte that confirms conflicting thyroid result: rT3
RT3 is formed from the deiodonation of T4 in the blood
Hemoconcentration increased TAG
High-Low purity Anal Rgt-Chem Pure-Nat Formulary-US
Pharma-Commercial Grade
Biohazard insect vector bite
ProGRP (progastrin-relapsing peptide) nonsmall cell lung
cancer

Trisomy 18 - Edwards syndrome 13- pataw 8 warky

HPLC nonfasting whole blood EDTA
Analytes used in determine dehydration ALBUMIN AND
HEMOTOCRIT
In post direct rectal exam, increased ACP in the blood is:

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
Most to Least Broad/Waxy/Granular/RBC/Hyaline
Protein primary renal failure

Print cant be seen through urine turbid

Juxtamedullary arterioles

Vomiting For more than 8 hrs, expected urine? Alkaline

Macula densa DCT

Part of the microscope at regulates the intensity of the light?

Countecurrent maintain osmotic gradient

Rheostat

Normal serum 275-300mOsm

To adapt to the diff interpupillary distance? Oculars

Crystals might appear in the urine in cases of primary
hyperparathy - calcium phosphate
Kidney stone is organic - entirely consumed by flame

IMMUNOLOGY&SEROLOGY/BLOOD BANKING

Reagent used to identify renal calculi in a given specimen -

Membrane used for southern blot nitrocellulose

sodium bicarbonate + UA reagent (Folin Wu w/ PTA)

Ag is allowed to diffuse fully to achieve maximal ppt

Ammonium molydate

Mancini

Tails and tappering ends cylindriods

Blood group Abs - M, G, A

Meconium green

Antibody diversity Susumo Tonegawa

PH of feces - 7-8 pH

Monoclonal Antibody George Kohler

Phase contrast microscope differentiate casts

Western blot p24, GP41, GP160/120 (2 out of 3 positive)

Urine centrifuge 5 mins, RCF of 400

VDRL only serologic test approved for CSF

(+) PROTEIN Blue to Green

Lutheran does not cause HDN

Purple Leukocyte and Ketones

Washed RBC plasma protein Ab and febrile reactions

(+) acidic pH orange

The px develop transfusion rxn,

Pink nitrate

Xm test on pre transfusion sample: neg

Cylinduria presence of cast in urine

Xm test on post transfusion sample : pos

STRUVITE Triple Phosphate

What could be the possible reason?

HYDROXYAPATITE Calcium Phosphate

- the Abs were neutralized during the procedure

WHEWELLITE Monohydrate Calcium Oxalate

ChidoRogers Complement/ C4

WEDDELITE Dihydrate Calcium Oxalate

AutoAb autologous control

BRUSHITE CaHPO4

George Kohler monoclonal

HCL pepsinogen to pepsin

Lutheran HDN neg

Nitrosonapthol test screening test for Tyrosinuria

Medavar immune complex

Buthri Bacterial Inhibition Test PKU (B. subtilis)

Acquiared B Vulgaris, C. tertium, E. coli

DNPH test Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Influenza (3months ago0 accepted) = no signs and symtoms

Ferric Chloride Test - Alkaptonuria

RF factor Rose Walter test

Semen liquefy due to proteolytic enzyme

MNSs fatenrity

Synovial less than 35mL

Fibrin glue used arrest surgical bledding (throm and cryo)

Gastric few mL to 50mL (30mL)

A to O most severe

IRIS 2mL

C1 largest

Levine smallest diameter

C3 numerous

Refhuss with metal

Ca2+ - classical

Red-orange in body fluids anti-TB meds

Mg2+ - alternate

Waxy degenerative from all cast