A Report

on
City Interactions in Ahmedabad

National Technical Advisory Group

JNNURM

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

INTRODUCTION

The National Technical Advisory Group

(TAG) for Jawaharlal Nehru Urban
Renewal Mission (JNNURM) has been
established, with the intent of bringing in
greater
citizen
involvement
into
JNNURM, establishing volunteer technical corps in participating cities, and
generally ensuring greater stakeholder
engagement in the JNNURM process at
various levels. One of the central
activities of TAG is go to each of the
JNNURM cities, and create more stakeholder involvement in the JNNURM
activities. This is primarily among
citizens, but also extends to other
stakeholders in the cities civil society
institutions, business communities etc.
This is also related to one of the terms of
reference of the TAG: to help set up
Volunteer
Technical
Corps
in
participating cities.

In this connection, TAG held the first of

its preliminary series of City Interactions
in the JNNURM cities in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat, in AMA Management House
premises on 29th and 30th of January

2007. The objective was to better

understand the method of stakeholder
consultations that have been undertaken
for preparation of City Development
Plans (CDPs) and Detailed Project
Reports (DPRs), as well as the kind of
mechanisms
that
Ahmedabad
is
envisaging for ongoing engagement of
such stakeholders specifically citizen
communities,
and
civil
society
institutions. The event was scheduled in
three sessions spread over two days. It
was
attended
by
about
125
representatives from a wide crosssection of stakeholders ranging from
Union
Government,
Ahmedabad
Municipal Corporation and State
Government to industry associations,
academia, Civil Society Organisations,
including grassroots players and CBOs.

Apart from five of the six TAG

members,
namely,
Mr.
Ramesh
Ramanathan, Prof. O.P. Mathur, Ms.
Sheela Patel, Mr. Vasimalai, and Prof.
R.V. Ramarao; and a host of senior
officials from the State, district and
AMC, such as Mr. Rajamani, the
Mission Director, Mr. Anirudh Kumar
and
Mr.
I.P,
Gautam,
City
Commissioner, Ahmedabad., some of
the prominent participants to the City
Interactions in Ahmedabad were: Mr.
Prem Pangotra, Mr. Vimal Ambani, Ms.
Nafisa Barot, Mr. Kartikeya Sarabhai,
Ms Manvita,, just to name a few.

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

SESSION 1: JOINT
(January 29, 2007)

SESSION

Addressing the joint session of different

stakeholders, Mr. S.R. Rao, Principal
Secretary, Government of Gujarat, said
that a new paradigm in development,
i.e., development through partnership
was initiated by the Government of
Gujarat in February 2005. The main
elements the new strategies of urban
governance in the State comprise
partnership of the people, a set of new
reform measures, and good governance.
Gujarat government believes that
citizens must be delivered what is due to
them on a proactive basis. JNNURM has
been envisaged to empower every Indian
people. For the first time the Union
Government has come out with a
substantial package to change the
fortunes of urban areas.
The urbanisation trends in Gujarat show
that nearly 28% of the urban population
in Gujarat (2001) contributed to 56% of
States GDP. But it is unfortunate that as
compared to rural Gujarat where poverty
levels have now come down to 11%, the
fall in poverty is rather less steep in
urban areas. We are still talking about
28% of our population living in abject
poverty and denied of fundamental
services. We still talk of areas where
there is no access to water, sewerage,
sanitation, and public conveniences like
pay and use toilets he opined.

Mr. I.P. Gautam, Commissioner, AMC,

informed that a formal consultation that
is required with the stakeholders under
the guidelines issued under JNNURM
was somewhat missing while framing
the City Development Plan (CDP) of
Ahmedabad. But based on our learnings
from the first year, the areas that have
remained neglected would be duly taken
care of, he assured.
Mr. Ramesh Ramanathan, National
Technical Advisor, JNNURM and
Chairperson, TAG, in his brief
presentation on role of the Technical
Advisory Group for JNNURM, stated
that contrary to the popular belief that
the Government gives you a bear hug
whenever you decide to work with it,
TAG is basically an irritant to the
system. The day TAG stops being an
irritant; it would loose its value to the
Mission. He also believed that Gujarat
may well be one of the best governed
States in the country; but it still has
many miles to go between the reality of
where it is today and the potential of
where it should go.

He called upon various stakeholders to

truly engage themselves with JNNURM
the Mission that seems to be different.
We do not say that this is different and
you must participate in it. But it can be
different, if we give it one chance and

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

each of us make up our mind on whether

it is something we would like to invest
your time on.
As we become a mature democracy we
must realise democracy is not like
cricket, it is not a spectators sport. We
have to do something - we have a role to
play. It is not a one way street. If we
want to criticise, write letters to the
editor and criticise but when the
Government is giving us a chance to be a
part of it then it is our responsibility to
get involved, he argued.

clearance. Besides, there are problems

concerning traffic congestion, water
supply, and inadequate drainage system.
Around 70% of the drainage system of
Ahmedabad is inadequate. The concept
of Mission and urbanisation is good but
it should be properly planned, he
suggested.

Involvement of the poor essential

Mr. I.P. Gautam then made a

presentation on City Development Plan
(CDP) of Ahmedabad.
Open House
The brief presentations by Mr.
Ramanathan and Mr. I.P. Gautam were
followed by an open house involving
comments and opinions of the
participants and a question & answer
session.
Planned urbanisation is the need of
the hour
Mr. Mahesh Pandya, an Environmental
Engineer and currently working with an
NGO, observed that most of the
shopping malls coming up in
Ahmedabad had not taken environment

NGOs are not representatives of the

poor, said Mr. Binoy Acharya of
UNNATI. They could only facilitate
participation by the poor. He therefore,
requested TAG to involve poor peoples
associations in JNNURM. Involvement
of associations is very important be it
commercial
associations;
teachers
associations;
doctors
associations;
lawyers associations; environmental
associations; slum dwellers associations,
etc. Everybody needs to participate in
the Mission. Only then it would be
called real stakeholders participation.
Each city has to produce a different
model
Ms. Sheela Patel responded by saying
that involvement of the poor is essential
but the answer also lies in the hearts and
minds of people.. No external individual
can come and ensure participation. So if
NGOs are agents of change then they
would also have to produce a
methodology that is local and involves a
well laid process. It is very easy to say -

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

promote participation, have engagement.

We sat all morning today to discuss this
process as to how do you create this
participation in a city where there are so
many levels of inequality. So I feel that
what you are talking about different
projects, different stakeholders, different
people, I think that each city has to
produce a different model.

all the 10 approved projects and the

other 4-5 projects submitted. He also
called upon the participants to form a
group of 4 to 5 persons by the end of the
programme, which would work with
AMC to design its schedule as to what
all would be presented, how, how much
information would be given, etc. Mr.
Prem agreed to anchor a group of 4-5
people to sit with AMC and prepare a
presentation that lives up to their
satisfaction.
Incorporate
upfront

Improve the quality of presentation

Mr. Prem Pangotra suggested that in
order to have a meaningful consultation,
efforts should be made to improve the
quality of the presentation. For example,
if there are 10 projects proposed in the
CDP of Ahmedabad, there should be 10
slides per project and those 10 slides
should cover an adequate description of
the project itself. It should also have a
spatial distribution of the drainage
system that is being proposed - which
zones and (or) which wards get covered.
It should also have a statistics on before
the project what is the condition and
after the project what would be the
situation with certain parameters like
coverage. Now this is the amount of
information that needs to be presented in
a meeting before people can meaningfully react to it before criticising it.

the

equity

concept

According to Ms Renu Khanna from

Baroda, a major concern is that while the
NURM is happening, large scale
demolition of slums is also taking place
at the same time and that too without any
alternative housing and rehabilitation
arrangements being made. Therefore,
whenever we talk about CDPs, certain
indicators of urban development with
equity have to be incorporated upfront. It
is unfortunate that what is more visible
today are the malls and the multiplexes
and what is not visible is what is
happening to the poor. Slum free city
maybe a great idea but we should not
remove all the urban poor, and make
them invisible. The other point of
concern, according to Ms Renu is that
participation is becoming tokenistic.

Mr. Pangotra to anchor formation of

group
Mr. Ramesh Ramanathan said that since
AMC was ready to do a presentation on
CDP, it should make a presentation on
Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

We need to redefine the requirements

of the people
Mr. Kartikeya Sarabhai from Centre for
Environment Education commented that
the when we create a new shopping mall
or say a new garden, there is no place or
provision for a paani poori person in that
area. This is despite knowing fully well
that he would sure encroach upon that
area. Similarly, we create a very
wonderful river front plan but there are
no ghats in it. Therefore, there is a need
to redefine the requirements of the
people and we also need to learn how
people use things.
Mr. Ramesh Ramanathan suggested that
it would be better if we could also come
up with possible solutions to the
problems we describe.

place? How can money be spent like

that? These are the questions we would
really like answers to and also would
like to know if JNNNURM would keep
meeting expenses for such projects or
what?
Mr. Ramanathan replied that if anyone
has a specific issue on the project to not
get sanctioned because something has
not been done, he or she should write to
TAG. If you write to us and give us
sufficient details we commit to you as
the National Technical Advisory Group,
we are not here to come and give some
sweet talk and disappear. Please write to
us and give us the data. We will bring it
up when the project comes up for
discussion to say this is what we are
hearing from the city, and how do you
address this? We cant say that we can
stop the project for you but we shall
certainly represent and come back to you
with the status.
Time to integrate & implement
housing schemes for the poor

What about projects where in-depth

planning has not gone in?
Mr. Jehangir Cama wanted to know if
JNNURM would still go on financing
such projects where the proper in-depth
planning has not gone in? What about
the projects which have no consideration
for rehabilitation of the slum dwellers?
What is going to happen on the river
front? How in the absence of a parking
policy for a city like Ahmedabad where
there are 600 vehicles registered each
day, can the road development take

Mr. Vimal Ambani, Convenor of the

infrastructure panel, CII, said that a time
has come where we start thinking about
not slum clearance, not slum upgradation but more of how do we
integrate poor housing - economically

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

priced housing in each of the respective

cities. If we design houses for the upper
income group, then we better design for
the maids and the servants too to live
around. Otherwise they are going to live
wherever space is available. We need to
integrate that into our planning and the
plans may be there but they are not
implemented it seems and we need to
somehow or the other make sure that the
implementation takes place. He also
wanted to know how credible are the
recommendations of TAG to the
Ministry or Mission Directorate?

On the credibility of the TAG, Mr.

Rajamani, Mission Director, commented
that one of the best features of JNNURM
besides its many other features is
citizens participation. It is so explicitly
stated in JNNURM. Other programmes
might have been paying lip service to
community participation but certainly
not JNNURM. The Technical Advisory
Group (TAG) is the mechanism to
enhance community participation in the
overall scheme of JNNURM. It has been
part and parcel of the Ministry since its
creation, in the sense it has been working
with the Ministry very closely on a dayto-day basis and the Ministry values its
advice and recommendations very much.
Some of the other important observations and comments made during the
session were concerning need to prepare
long term projects (lasting 25 30 year);
worsening traffic problem in Ahme-

dabad; water management & sew-erage

planning issues; lack of trans-parency,
etc. Ms. Swati Vyas from SEWA (Self
Employed Womens Association) said
that since SEWA is working on the slum
networking
with
the
Municipal
Corporation, it would be happy to join
hands with the Corporation as far as the
Insurance Programme is concerned.
According to Mr. Dakshah, Municipal
Councillor, we should increasingly apply
web technology in projects like sewage
water treatment etc. If we move a step
further then we could also generate
electricity through this, he believed.

Mr. Ramesh Ramanathan called upon

the participants to take leadership roles
to address the problems of the city. He
favoured formation of a City Connect
kind of platform in Ahmedabad as well.
This is one platform which is being
operationalised in Bangalore. Established with the help of the local CII
Chapter, here people do get themselves
involved with the Municipality and the
Urban Department. Incidentally, it is a
platform not only for industry. Even
NGOs and the urban poor could be
asked to join in such platform because if
we rare only going to ask for airports
and flyovers then the city wont
improve.

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

of elected representatives?
problems do they face?

He promised funding support and

serious
commitment
to
ensure
involvement from the part of the Union
Government, the State Government and
the Local Government. The process
would involve discussion, debates even
amongst the group of outside
government. Nobody said democracy is
about consensus. It is about agreeing
how to disagree and finally finding some
common ground, said Mr. Ramanathan.
Mr. Vimal Advani on behalf of CII
agreed to anchor a meeting to create a
city connect on February 8th. A followup meeting anchored by Dr. Prem
Pangotra took place in the adjacent room
to work on the type of information that
they would like to be presented in
consultation meeting with to be
organised shortly by AMC on CDP and
DPRs.

What

In his initial address, Mr. I.P. Gautam

gave a brief description of the role of the
Standing Committee in the overall
functioning of Ahmedabad Municipal
Corporation and narrated the practical
difficulties in meeting with the demand
of JNNURM in supplying water 8 hours
per day. Converting water supply
capability from 2 hours per day to 8
hours or 24 hours per day huge
investments would be required. There
are also some operational problems
involved.
The problem of water supply was also
flagged by the Chairperson of the
Standing Committee, AMC. She also
briefly touched upon Ahmedabads
problems concerning traffic congestion,
health; poor drainage system, solid waste
management, etc. In her view, there is a
need to create awareness about where to
throw the garbage, where to place the
trash bins, amongst all regarding this.
People litter the places as far as 25 feet
around the trash bins, she complained.

SESSION 2: INTERACTIONS WITH

CORPORATORS (January 30, 2007)
Setting the tone of the session, Mr.
Ramanathan informed that the objective
of the interaction was to take suggestions
from the corporators and members of the
Standing Committee, AMC, basically on
four-five issues what do they think
about the JNNURM? There exists a City
Development Plan for Ahmedabad.
Around 10 to 15 projects have already
been submitted. Out of these 10 projects
have been approved, while 2-3 others are
under assessment. What is their take on
that? Moreover, what about the capacity

One of the corporators spoke about the

weak financial position and limited
funding options of the Ahmedabad
Municipal Corporation. Apart from
property tax and octroi, AMC does not
have much option to raise extra
resources for its kitty. So the funding
from the Central Government, State
Government and the other outside

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

sources is always like a blessing. Being

the grassroots representatives of the
citizens, corporators are best suited to
know their daily problems. The
Councillors may not be Technical
Experts but they sure are Social Experts,
he claimed.

Rehabilitation of the slums should be

given a priority. Encroachments have not
happened over night. But those who
have been living at a place, say for the
last 20 25 years, they have definitely
been contributing to the urban
development. The question is - who
makes our city clean? Its the poor
labour. If we move him far away from
the city he would not do so and would
return back, he further argued.

According to another Councillor, who

had been Mayor at one point of time,
whatever resolutions are passed in the
Mayor Council, is never implemented. It
is not implemented by the States Chief
Minister or the Central Government
either. With a view to stop frequent
changes
in
the
positing
of

Commissioners, which badly affects

their motivation and efficiency level, he
called upon the Central Government to
pass an Act mandating the term of a
Commissioner at least for 5 Years.
According to Dr. Jaisukh Sawariya, a
first time corporator from Ahmedabad,
though all the projects running under
JNNURM are excellent, but the problem
is non-cooperation and apathy being
shown by the common citizens. There is
a need to create awareness amongst the
citizens. If need be, the offenders must
be punished. On the other hand, the
eastern part of Ahmedabad, which is
primarily inhabited by the middle class
and people belonging to the lower socio
economic group, should be given extra
attention. This neglected part of the city
must be provided with affordable good
quality health services and hospitals.
There must also be provision for
educational institutes in Eastern
Ahmedabad.

Some of the other problems discussed

during the session included slum
management & resettlement, problems
of mosquitoes, rodents, etc. how do we
solve this problem; non-compliance of
the high-court order of day to day
garbage collection , etc.

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

Summing up the session, Mr.

Ramanathan stated that the eastern part
of Ahmedabad definitely needs more
attention. Therefore, changes in the CDP
of Ahmedabad, if any, should mention
that the next round of projects coming
from Ahmedabad must address this
issue. Secondly, the corporators could
also provide their feedback on guidelines
on the housing projects for the Urban
Poor.
SESSION 3: DIALOGUE
CSOs (January 30, 2007)

concern on the deteriorating condition of

Eastern Ahmedabad. In response to the
suggestion of Mr. Ramesh Ramanathan
to form different sub-groups to deal with
different problems of the city, he also
offered his institute to work as a hub for
built environment, particularly on
transport
where
all
interested
organisations, including NGOs could
come together and hold meetings on
urban transport at regular intervals.

WITH

The session started with Mr. Ramesh

Ramanathan recapitulating the discussion/action points of the joint session.
The main objective of the session was to
take forward the ideas that came up for
discussion yesterday. The participating
CSOs/their represent-tatives were asked
to focus not only on the problems of
Ahmedabad but also on their feasible
solutions. We all know different kinds
of problems that are there. We will not
be able to move ahead just by talking
about the problems. Think about what
kinds of solutions we can offer, he said.

Socio-economic mapping of the city a

must
Mr. Shobhit Tayal, a Planning Consultant, opined that while preparing CDPs,
socio-economic mapping of the city
must also be prepared and included in
the same. This helps in deciding whether
projects have been distributed equitably
over space or not. Ms. Sheela Patel,
Member, Technical Advisory Group,
welcomed his views and also
emphasised on the critical importance of
socio-economic mapping of the city as
an ongoing monitoring and assessment
tools.
Integrate micro-level plans into DPRs

Mr. Sunil Parikh, CRISIL, who was part

of the follow-up meeting anchored by
Dr. Prem Pangotra yesterday evening,
wanted to define the scope of peoples
involvement with CDP and DPRs. On
the other hand, Mr. M. K. Patel, an
Urban Planner from Indian Institute of
Town Planners in India, expressed his

Mr. Subendhu, CARE, reflected on the

need for implementing 74th Amendment
Act in Ahmedabd and Gujarat so that
citizens could be empowered at the
micro-level to be able to really able to
participate in the preparations of DPRs.
The issue is: how best do we involve
community in preparing DPR, and is

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

there any possibility to integrate microlevel plans into DPRs?

Develop slums into properly developed properties
Mr. Vimal Ambani, the CII representtative from Ahmedabad, opined that
instead of talking about slum legislations
and slum up-gradations, what we needed
to do is to develop slums into properly
developed properties. Lifting slums and
slum dwellers from specific areas and
asking them resettle far away from the
city would not solve the problem. Why
cannot Ahmedabd have Slum TDRs
(Transferable Development Rights) as
being implemented in Mumbai?

Mr. Ramanathan commented that the

only way for us to move ahead is when
we listen to each other and listening
takes time. He urged the gathering to
form a group on Affordable Housing or
Urban Poor Settlements which could
deliberate on affordable housing,
services to the slum areas and so on. One
of the interesting things is that whatever
be the idea, we have to first convince
other group members that the idea is
worth pursuing. Somebody who has
worked in slum areas knows how
complicated this problem is he
believed.

Ms. Beejal Bhatt from MHT, an

organisation working on Housing and
Water and Sanitation for the urban poor,
suggested that there was no need for
relocating or removing slums away from
the cities. It is possible to reorganise
such settlements properly while working
with the urban planners. He also offered
MHT to become a hub for Housing,
Water and Sanitation issues in Gujarat.
Platform for government establishments required
Ms. Thara, Collector, Ahmedabad was
of the view that the issue of urban
administration is more complex and
what is being said actually is only 0.1%
of what it has to be. Various suggestion
are very good but when we talk about
more ideas coming from outside and
being participative and the ones looking
at solutions, one must not forget that
there are so many vacuums in the
Government set ups which cannot
address issues which come to the
Government per say. She therefore
stressed on the need to have a forum of
the official stakeholders on a single
platform. In response, Mr. I.P. Gautam,
Commissioner, AMC, agreed to organise
such a forum for the official stakeholders.
Emphasis on urban poor missing
According to Mr. Uma, Faculty Member, Gujarat Institute of Development
Research, though there has been a lot of
emphasis on urban development and
urban infrastructure in recent years, the
emphasis on urban poor is somewhat
missing. He demanded that the work that
has been done by different groups on
this issue must be considered while
reworking the CDP for Ahmedabd.

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

10

However, Mr. Gautam was not

convinced that the government was
spending less on the urban poor was
wrong. He went on to explain how for
the first time in Ahmedabad, with a total
cost of Rs. 9000 crore AMC was
planning to acquire 6 lakh sq. m land
(within the city) to construct 20,000
houses for the urban poor.

Ahmedabad, suggested decentralising

some powers for small sanctions to the
state level authorities to deal with this
problem.
Some more suggestions

Ms. Maithali from CEPT University

said that there is a lot of expertise
and research work done by NGOs
and Institutions like CEPT which is
lying in cupboards. We could create
a forum or a platform which is
accessible to the Municipalities and
the Municipal Corporations in the
small and medium towns during
preparations of their DPRs, she
suggested.

Ms. Archana Shrivastav, Handicap

International, Access Group, offered
to provide the expertise of her
organisation to make project designs
for the city, especially those relating
to transportation, to be barrier free.
She also agreed to anchor a group on
Universal design and Access.

Impressed with idea of City Connect,

Ms Madhavi Joshi, Centre for
Environment Education., expressed
her desire to be on that group and try
and work on the process together
with the other people.

Another participant from Unnati

asked AMC to publish a monthly

Need to strengthen IEC portfolio

Ms. Rita Mishra, CHF International,
emphasised on the need to strengthen the
IEC portfolio and the awareness
amongst the community on which the
DPRs are to be implemented. She
suggested that the available IEC under
the SNP could well be utilised under the
JNNURM.
Inter ministerial coordination mechanism
Mr. Manu, Municipal Councillor and
Chairperson of Water Supply and
Sewage Committee, raised the concern
that under the JNNURM, when a project
is undertaken, the city authorities face a
number of problems from various
government agencies such as airports
authority, highway authority, railway
authority, etc. Sometimes due to the
complicity of the problems, it becomes
difficult to complete projects on time.
According to Mr. Aniruddha Kumar,
Director, MoUD, in case there are
problems, the government can certainly
take these up at the inter ministerial
level. There is an inter ministry coordination mechanism also but so far
none of the agencies, none of the states
have highlighted these problems and
brought them to our notice. Well be
very happy to set up inter ministerial coordination mechanism for this, he said.
On the other hand, Ms. Thara, Collector,

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

11

newsmagazine or newsletter on
relevant urban governance issues
with write-ups from wide crosssections of the society. Mr. Gautam
thought that it was a wonderful
suggestion. Mr. Ramanathan promised even partial funding support
from JNNURM (as part of IEC
activities) for such an effort.

could also be brought to this platform

including architects, disabled people,
etc, he said.

The anchor persons for the sub groups

that have been formed during the session
are as under:

Mr. Tapan Patel, Centre for

Integrated
Development,
fully
endorsed the idea of forming a
technical core group in the city and
formation of sub-committees to
address
various
problems
of
Ahmedabad. He expressed his desire
to be part of the group which works
on environmental services like Solid
Waste Management, Water supply
and Drainage. He even agreed to
anchor such group.

FORMATION OF SUB-GROUPS
In view of the various suggestions and
comments that came up for discussion
during the deliberations of the session,
Mr. Ramesh Ramanathan pitched in for
a common platform for the people of
Ahmedabad where everybody is
participant to its progress. Under this
platform there would be sub-groups on
spatial issues, such as economic
profiling, low income housing, traffic
and transport. If required, groups could
also be formed on universal design and
access for the disabled. The access group

Economic Profile - CRISIL: Sunil

Parikh, Parikh@icenet.net
Environmental Services - Mr. Tapan
Patel : cfidahmedabad@yahoo.com
Participation - Mr. Rajendra Joshi:
rajendra@saath.org
Traffic & Transport - Mr. N.K.Patel:
nkpatel@resma.org
IEC - Ms. R. Misra
rmisra@chfin.org
Housing, Water and Sanitation;
mahilashg@icenet.net
Review of CDPs: Prof. Prem
Pangotra - prempangotra@iim
Government:
ipgautam@egovamc.com
City Connect CII:
vambani@yahoo.com

TAGs E-Mail : jnnurm-tag@nic.in

It was decided that all the groups would
be formed by the end of February 2007
and
they
would
all
include
Commissioner of AMC as one of their
Members.
The session ended with the vote of
thanks by Mr. I.P. Gautam.
Prepared by Dr. Rakesh K Singh, Sr. Coordinator
(TAG) & Ms Nivedita Datta, Project Coordinator,
Voluntary Action Network India (VANI), New Delhi.

Report on City Interactions in Ahmedabad

12