Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Learn more about the symptoms of hypertension. High blood pressure or hypertension is a common
condition in which the blood fluid in the body suppress the arterial wall is strong enough to eventually
cause health problems, such as heart disease. Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood the
heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart
pumps and the narrower your arteries, blood pressure will rise.
You can get high blood pressure (hypertension) for years without experiencing symptoms. Uncontrolled
blood pressure increases the risk of serious health problems, including heart attack and stroke.
High blood pressure will usually develops over several years, and in turn affect health. Luckily, high
blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can arrange
with your doctor to control it.

Symptoms of Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or experiencing symptoms, although blood pressure
reaches high levels that endanger health.
Although some people with early stage hypertension may experience a "dull headaches", dizziness or a
few more nosebleeds, signs and symptoms usually do not appear until it reaches the stage of severe
hypertension even life-threatening levels.
In general, people with hypertension seen mostly does not cause symptoms. But there are also early
symptoms that may arise from hypertension are:

Headache
Bleeding from the nose
Dizziness
Facial redness
Fatigue

Hypertension Causes and Risk Factors

To determine the cause of high blood pressure, it would be easier if we divide it into two.

Primary hypertension (essential)

For most adults, there is no identification of the causes of high blood pressure. This type of high blood
pressure, called hypertension "essential" or primary hypertension, tends to develop gradually over the
years.

Secondary hypertension
Some people have hypertension because of the conditions / disorders that are the main cause (underlying
conditon). This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and
cause higher blood pressure than in primary hypertension. Various conditions and medications can cause
secondary hypertension, including:
Kidney problems

Tumors "adrenal gland"

Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold medications, decongestants, pain relievers
and some prescription drugs.
Certain abnormalities in the blood vessels acquired since birth (congenital)
Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and "amphetamines"

Risk factors
High blood pressure has several risk factors, among others:

Age. Increased risk of high blood pressure.

Ras. High blood pressure
Family background
Being overweight or obese.
Not physically active. The heart rate of people who are inactive tend to be higher. So the harder
your heart must work with each contraction and the stronger the force on your arteries. Shortage
of physical activity also increases the risk of overweight.
smoke
Too much salt (sodium) in your diet. Too much sodium in your diet can cause your body to retain
fluid which increases blood pressure.
Too little potassium in your diet. Pottasium help balance the amount of sodium in your cells. If
you do not get enough potassium in your diet or hold potassium, your bias accumulate too much
sodium in the blood.
Too little vitamin D in your blood. It is uncertain whether it has too little vitamin D in your diet
can lead to high blood pressure. Vitamin D can affect the enzyme produced by the kidneys that
affect your blood pressure.
Too much alcohol
stress
Certain chronic conditions. Such as, high cholesterol, diabetes, kidney disease, and "sleep apnea".
Sometimes pregnancy also contribute to high blood pressure.

Although high blood pressure is most common in adults, children also have the risk of having high blood
pressure. For some children, high blood pressure disebabkkan by problems in the heart and liver. But for
some children, lifestyle habits are bad life (such as an unhealthy diet and lack of exercise) to contribute to
high blood pressure.

1. Primary high blood pressure

Nearly 95% of all cases of hypertension were found is high blood pressure is also called primary or
essential hypertension. The cause is a combination of several factors which genes, lifestyle, weight, and
others. Usually, doctors recommend to make modifications in lifestyle and diet. If lifestyle changes do not
lower your blood pressure, your doctor will usually give medicine to normalize blood pressure.
2. Secondary high blood pressure
Secondary hypertension is caused by several factors. Factors that cause secondary hypertension is the
most common damage and renal dysfunction. Other causes include tumors, thyroid gland problems, the
condition during pregnancy, and others. Typically, this type of hypertension can be cured if the cause is
first cured.
3. Malignant high blood pressure
This is the most severe type of hypertension and rapidly evolving. Malignant hypertension is very fast to
damage organs in the body. If within five years of untreated malignant hypertension, the consequence is
death caused by damage to the brain, heart, and kidney failure. However, this type of hypertension can be
treated with medication records intensively and continuously. A person suffering from this type of
hypertension in the whole body felt numb, blurred vision, anxiety, and very tired.
4. Isolated systolic hypertension
This type of hypertension is caused by age, tobacco consumption, diabetes, and a diet that is wrong. In
hypertension, the arteries become stiff, causing systolic blood pressure (when the heart contracts) is very
high, while diastolic blood pressure (when the heart is resting) normal.
5. White coat hypertension
Hypertension of this type only occurs if the patient was at the center of the clinic or hospital. This type of
high blood pressure caused by nervousness when will be checked by the hospital. Outside the hospital,
the patient's blood pressure is quite normal. If the same thing happens in the re-examination of the type of
hypertension is not treated.
6. Resistant hypertension
Patients with resistant hypertension does not respond to any medication anymore. Hypertension is said to
be resistant if the three types of drugs are not able to lower blood pressure. It would require four types of
drugs to lower blood pressure.

Dialogue Nurse and Patient

Nurse

: Good Morning Mrs Ana

Patient

: Good morning, Nurse

Nurse

: it is time for me to check your blood pressure

Patient

: Sure.

Nurse

: did you sleep well last night?

Patient

: not really, cause I still got a problem with my headache.

Nurse

: you got a problem with your headache? OK, I will report this to your doctor. Now,
please roll your sleeve up

Patient

: Sure.

Nurse

: (Checking the blood pressure) your blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Now I can have
check your pulse rate? I need to check your pulse.

Patient

: What is my blood pressure, nurse?

Nurse

: it is still in the normal range.

QUESTION TAG
with auxiliaries
You've got a car, haven't you?
without auxiliaries (use: don't, doesn't, didn't)
They play football on Sundays, don't they?
She plays football on Sundays, doesn't she?
They played football on Sundays, didn't they?
Questions tags are used to keep a conversation going. You can agree or refuse to a sentence with a
question tag.
You go to school, don't you?
You agree.

You refuse.

Yes, I do.

No, I don't.

You aren't from Germany, are you?

You agree.

You refuse.

No, I'm not.

Yes, I am.

Questions tags - Special

Although the negative word not is not in the sentence, the sentence can be negative. Then we use the
"positive" question tag.
He never goes out with his dog, does he?
have is a main verb in the sentence -> two possibilities (when referring to states)
We have a car, _____?
We have a car, haven't we?

We have a car, don't we?

mostly British English

mostly American English

We use will/would with the imperative (Simple Present).

Open the window, will you?
Open the window, would you?
We use won't with a polite request.
Open the window, won't you?

Don't open your books, will you?

We use shall after Let's.

Let's take the next bus, shall we?
Auxiliary must
We must be at home at 8 pm, mustn't we?
Yes, we must.

No, we needn't.

Procedure adding a question tag

Look at the sentence.
1

Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?

yes

no

auxiliary or form of to be affirmative

-> negate auxiliary (add n't)

affirmative sentence
-> Negate sentence (e.g. don't; doesn't;
didn't)

auxiliary or form of to be negative

-> (delete n't)
2

Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?

yes

no

Use the personal pronoun.

Form the personal pronoun.

Complete the sentence.

Example 1: He can play football, ________.

1

Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?

yes -> can
auxiliary or form of to be affirmative
-> negate auxiliary (add n't)
can't

Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?

yes
Use the personal pronoun.

negative sentence
-> (delete n't)

He can play football, can't he?

Example 2: Peter can play football, ________.

1

Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?

yes -> can
auxiliary or form of to be affirmative
-> negate auxiliary (add n't)
can't

Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?

no
Form the personal pronoun.
Peter -> he

Peter can play football, can't he?

Example 3: Peter plays football, ________.

1

Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?

no
affirmative sentence
-> Negate the verb.
verb plays -> Negation: doesn't play
We only use the auxiliary doesn't.

Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?

no
Form the personal pronoun.
Peter -> he

Peter plays football, doesn't he?

Kepala
Rambut
Telinga
Leher
Bahu
Lengan
Puting Susu
Ketiak
Siku
Lengan Bawah
Back
Perut
Puser
Pinggang
Pinggul
Paha
Pantat
Paha
Lutut
Betis
Tumit
Kura-Kura Kaki
Kuku Jari Kaki
Tapak Kaki
Kaki
Pergelangan Kaki

: Head
: Hair
: Ear
: Neck
: Shoulder
: Arm
: Nipple
: Armpit
: Elbow
: Forearm
: Punggung
: Stomach
: Navel
: Waist
: Hip
: Groin
: Buttock
: Thigh
: Knee
: Calf
: Heel
: Instep
: Toenail
: Sole
: Foot
: Ankle