China- Beijing

“Middle Kingdom”

Mongolia
l
Myanmar --- China --- Middle East
l
Japan

Source of living:
China is composed of a variety of landscapes with mostly
plateaus and mountains in the west and lower lands on the east.

Natural Resources:
Agriculture - China is the world’s largest producer of rice crop.
It is also well-known for its large produce of vegetables, cotton, tea,
wheat, and corn. Also, mostly located at the east, farmers raise
millions of goats, pigs, and sheep at the steppes and grasslands at
the northwestern part of the country.

Forest – Ten percent of China’s land is covered with forests.

However, forest yields are considered short when measured against
the size of its population. Thus mass afforestation has become a
regular feature of rural activities.

Fisheries – The seas of China contain varieties of fish, cod, hair

and tails, and cattle fish are in abundance in the northern and
southern seas. Shanghai, Canton, Chefoo, and Lushing remain to be
the principal fishing centers and areas for the processing of marine
products.

Wildlife – wide variety of species like birds, mammals, and fish

are found in China. The Tibetan border of China is famous for its
well-known panda, the giant salamander, and paddle fish.

Japan-Tokyo
“Land of the Rising Sun”

Russia
l
Pacific Ocean--- Japan --- Korea
l
Pacific Ocean
Source of living:
Agriculture, Mining and Manufacturing, Forestry and
Fishing.

Natural Resources:
Japan has had to build its enormous industrial output and high
standard of living on a comparatively small domestic resource base.
Most conspicuously lacking are fossil fuel resources, particularly
petroleum. Small domestic oil fields in northern Honshū and
Hokkaidō supply less than 1 percent of the country’s demand.
Domestic reserves of natural gas are similarly negligible. Coal
deposits in Hokkaidō and Kyūshū are more abundant but are
generally low grade, costly to mine, and inconveniently located with
respect to major cities and industrial areas (the areas of highest
demand). Japan does have abundant water and hydroelectric
potential, however, and as a result the country has developed one of
the world’s largest hydroelectric industries.
Japan is also short on metal and mineral resources. It was once a
leading producer of copper, but its great mines at Ashio in central
Honshū and Besshi on Shikoku have been depleted and are now
closed. Reserves of iron, lead, zinc, bauxite, and other ores are
negligible.
While the country is heavily forested, its demand for lumber,
pulp, paper, and other wood products exceeds domestic production.
Some forests in Hokkaidō and northern Honshū have been logged
excessively, causing local environmental problems. Japan is blessed
with bountiful coastal waters that provide the nation with fish and
other marine foods. However, demand is so large that local
resources must be supplemented with fish caught by Japanese
vessels in distant seas, as well as with imports. Although arable land
is limited, agricultural resources are significant. Japan’s crop yields
per land area sown are among the highest in the world, and the
country produces more than 60 percent of its food.

North Korea- Pyongyang

“Hermit Kingdom”

China
l
South Korea-- North Korea -- China
l
Pacific

Mineral Resources:
 North Korea is one of the richer nations in Asia in terms of
mineral resources. Major reserves are found of coal, iron ore,
tungsten, magnesite, and graphite. Among the other minerals
present are gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and molybdenum.

Agriculture

Large-scale mechanization, irrigation, and land

reclamation have increased crop yields. The principal crops
(with their yields in 2001) include rice (1.8 million metric tons),
corn (1.3 million), and potatoes (1 million). Other important
crops are millet, barley, wheat, vegetables, apples, sweet
potatoes, and soybeans. Livestock number about 3.4 million
pigs, 650,000 cattle, 185,000 sheep, and 16 million poultry.

Mining

Mining is an important sector of the North Korean

economy, and efforts are being made to develop new deposits.
The focus has been on iron ore and coal, which had, in 2000,
outputs of 3 million and 77.5 million metric tons, respectively.
Other important minerals include tungsten, magnesite, zinc,
copper, lead, silver, and gold.

South Korea - Seoul

“Land of the Morning Calm ’’

North Korea
l
Pacific --- South Korea --- China
l
Japan

Mineral Resources:
In contrast to North Korea, South Korea is relatively poor in mineral
resources. The principal resources are coal (mostly anthracite), iron
ore, and graphite. Other minerals include gold, silver, copper, lead,
tungsten, zinc, and uranium. Limestone is abundant.

Agriculture
Land distribution programs were carried out in the late
1940s, creating in South Korea an agricultural system composed
primarily of small, owner-operated farms. The rapid industrialization
of South Korea and increasing urbanization is diminishing the
importance of farming to the country’s economy, and the number of
families dependent on agriculture for their livelihood has steadily
declined since the 1970s. With 1.5 million farms, the average
cultivated land area for each is 1.3 hectares (3.3 acres). Some 17
percent of the land is under cultivation. The chief crop in the early
2000s was rice, grown on more than one-half of the agricultural land
and the country’s principal food crop. In terms of land area devoted
to their cultivation, other leading crops are soybeans, red peppers,
barley, cabbages, watermelons, garlic, onions, radishes, white
potatoes, red beans, maize, and sweet potatoes. An important
development has been the great expansion in the output of fruit,
notably apples, oranges, grapes, persimmons, pears, and peaches.
Other crops include cotton, hemp, and silk. The estimated livestock
population in 2001 was 8.4 million pigs, 2 million cattle, and 430,000
goats.

Mining
South Korea does not have extensive mineral resources. The
output of anthracite coal, the country’s leading mineral resource,
was 4.2 million metric tons in 1999. The production of coal, as most
other minerals, has declined since the mid-1980s. Zinc ore output
was 9,500 metric tons, and small amounts of graphite, iron ore, lead,
tungsten, gold, silver, and kaolin (a fine clay) were extracted.
Limestone mining is increasing, with much of it used in the
production of cement.
India–New Delhi
“Cradle of Hindus Civilization”

Afghanistan, China
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Arabian Sea --- India --- Baugla desu
l
Palk Strait

Source of living:
Agriculture, Mining, Forestry and Fishing ..

Natural Resources:
India’s most important natural resources are land and water. About
54.4 percent of the land area is arable, and groundwater resources are
considerable. The Gangetic Plain is one of India’s most fertile regions. The
soils of this region were formed by the alluvial deposits of the Ganges and
its tributaries. In this area, as well as in the peninsular deltas, groundwater
is plentiful and close to the surface, making year-round irrigation possible.
These regions may produce two or three harvests a year. Most of India’s
wheat and rice are grown here.
The black and red soils of the Deccan Plateau, although not as thick as
the Gangetic Plain alluvium, are also fertile. The groundwater resources of
the Deccan are significant but more difficult to reach, so most farmers rely
on the monsoons for water. Farmers typically grow a single crop, including
coarse grains such as sorghum, maize (corn), millet, and cotton.
Forests constitute another natural resource for India, with woodlands
covering 21.6 percent of its land area. India’s highly varied climate and
land produce diverse forests. The majority are deciduous, both tropical-dry,
experiencing a significant dry season, and tropical-moist, receiving
relatively uniform rainfall year-round. The remainder of forests range in
type from tropical evergreen to Himalayan temperate and alpine. Major
commercial tree species include teak, rosewood, and sal. Bamboo is a
widely used construction material. Despite significant overuse of forest
resources in the past, government and private efforts have reduced the
rate of deforestation in natural forests and increased new plantations of
trees, creating a modest net gain in forest cover since 1990.
The mineral resources of India include a vast belt of coal reserves
stretching from the eastern part of Mahārāshtra state through Chhattisgarh
and Jharkhand to West Bengal state. The same geographical area, with the
addition of Orissa state, contains major deposits of bauxite. Iron ore is also
found here, as well as in the Western Ghats in and around Goa. Other
mineral deposits include manganese (found mainly in central India),
copper, and chromite. There are significant oil and natural gas reserves in
Assam and Gujarāt states, and on the continental shelf off Mahārāshtra and
Gujarāt. India also has ample reserves of phosphate rock apatite, gypsum,
limestone, and mica.

Taiwan- Taipei
“Island of Greed”

China
l
Philippines -- Taiwan -- China
l
Japan

Source of life:
Almost half of Taiwan is mountainous. Hsinkao, which
measures up to 3,996.84 m, is the highest peak of the land.
Hills and plateaus made into terraces make up the 11% of the
land surface with the rest comprising the alluvial plains.

Natural Resources:

Agriculture – Taiwan’s agricultural sector had done much for

what Taiwan is economically achieving now. Taiwan’s monsoonal
climate makes it possible for them to produce crops such as rice,
potatoes, sugar cane, pineapples, bananas, and tropical vegetables.

Forest Resources – Because of its wide forest areas, Taiwan

became the world’s second largest producer of composition board,
timber, and plywood in 1969.
 Fish and Mineral Resources - To harness sources, Taiwan has
considerably modernized its fishing fleets.

Pakistan – Islamabad
“Land of the Pure”

l Corner of
India
--- Pakistan ---
l

Source of living:
The Pakistanis basically get their living through
agriculture.

Natural Resources:

More than 20 different types of minerals have been

identified in Pakistan, but few are of sufficient quality or
quantity to be commercially exploited. Most mineral deposits
are found in the mountainous regions. Pakistan’s exploited
natural resources include coal, natural gas, petroleum,
gypsum, limestone, chromite, iron ore, rock salt, and silica
sand. Pakistan has extensive natural gas reserves, notably in
the vicinity of Sui, Baluchistan, from where it is piped to most
of the large cities of Pakistan. Petroleum is limited, but
exploration for additional reserves holds promise. Most of the
country’s coal is of poor quality. The Salt Range in Punjab
Province has large deposits of pure salt. Only about 3.3
percent of Pakistan’s total land area is forested, and timber is
in short supply.
 Bangladesh – Dhaka
“The Bengal Nation”

Bay of Bengal
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Myanmar--- Bangladesh --- India
l
India
Mineral Resources
The mineral endowment of Bangladesh is meager. The principal energy
resource, natural gas, is found in several small fields in the northeast.
There is a coalfield in the northwest and large peat beds underlie most of
the delta. Limestone and pottery clays are found in the northeast.
Agriculture
About 24.6 percent of the gross domestic product derives from
agriculture. Most farms are small, and per-capita output is low. Rice, of
which two or three crops can be grown each year, is the leading food crop
in all areas and accounts for at least five-sixths of the cultivated area.
Some 35 million metric tons were harvested in 2001, placing Bangladesh
among the world’s leading producers of rice. Pulses, the main source of
vegetable protein, are the most important food crop after rice. Various
oilseeds (mainly for cooking oil), wheat, potatoes, sweet potatoes,
sugarcane, bananas, mangoes, and pineapples also are raised.
Manufacturing
The principal cash crop is jute (a plant used to make burlap and twine),
grown throughout the annually flooded portions of the Ganges-
Brahmaputra delta; the amount of jute harvested in 1991 was about
977,000 metric tons. Fish are raised in farm ponds throughout the country.
Tea, the third most valuable agricultural product, is grown almost
exclusively in the northeast, around Rājnagar (Sylhet). Cattle and buffalo
are numerous but are not raised for human consumption. Dairy products
and eggs are in short supply.
Fishing, Forestry, and Mining
Aquatic animals provide the chief source of animal protein in the
Bangladeshi diet. Hilsa (a kind of herring) and prawns are among the
principal commercial species. The amount of fish caught in 1997 was 1.3
million metric tons, mostly consisting of freshwater varieties. The leading
commercial types of trees are wild sundari, gewa, and teak. Bamboo is also
an important forest product. Mining and quarrying, apart from the modest
production of natural gas, are of negligible importance.
The manufacturing sector, which contributed 14.69 percent of
Bangladesh’s domestic product in 2000, is made up principally of
unmechanized, small-scale enterprises. The chief manufactures of the
country are jute products (such as cordage and sacks), textiles, processed
food, beverages, tobacco items, and goods made of wood, cane, or bamboo.
Large-scale factories process jute and sugarcane. Much of the nation’s
heavy industry, including a small steel mill, is in the port of Chittagong.
 Nepal – kathmandu
“Home of the Gods”

China
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Pakistan --- Nepal -- Bhutan
l
India

Source of living:
Farming ...

Natural Resources:
Though only 10% of the country is cultivated, farming is
generally the country’s source of income. These cultivated
lands include the middle Himalayas. Flat terraces rise up the
mountain ranges watered by irrigation. Rice, maize, wheat,
and some vegetables are cultivated for mere subsistence with
jute and sugar cane grown as cash crops. Many farms have
cattle, buffaloes, and goats which provide milk; otherwise, the
diet is mainly vegetarian. Over cultivation and over grazing
have caused serious soil depletion in the middle Himalayas,
but the flat and fertile terrain still has untouched reserves of
land.

Mongolia – ulan Bator

“Dead Heart of Asia”

Russia
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China --- Mongolia --- Kazakhstan
l
 Japan

Natural Resources:
Mongolia contains forests of larch, pine, and cedar in the
mountains, but these are of little economic importance. Furbearing
animals, especially marmot and squirrel, are abundant, and the
country has a well-developed fur industry. Rich prairie land in the
northeast and northwest supports large herds of cattle, sheep, and
goats. Mineral resources such as coal, iron, copper, fluorspar, gold,
uranium, and silver have not been fully exploited.

Agriculture
The Mongolians are primarily herders, and a majority of the
population is engaged in agriculture. Animals raised include sheep,
goats, cattle, horses, and camels. During the Communist era,
collective farms and state farms controlled all cultivated lands and
accounted for most of the nation’s livestock. Many of these farms
have since been privatized. Principal crops include wheat, potatoes,
barley, and oats.

Mining and Manufacturing

Mongolia’s rich iron ore deposits are located near Darhan, an
industrial center that was developed with assistance from the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Black coal production in 1999,
from mines near Ulaanbaatar and Darhan, totaled 5 million metric
tons. The mining of copper and molybdenum began in the late 1970s
near Erdenet. Other minerals produced include tungsten and
fluorspar. During the Communist period, manufacturing was small
and local in character but still formed an important sector of the
country’s economy. Major products included building materials,
processed food and alcoholic beverages, leather goods, woolen
textiles, furs, and wood items. While these products are still
produced, many manufacturing businesses have collapsed since
economic reforms were introduced in the 1990s.

Bhutan – Thimphu
“Land of the Thunder Dragon”

Tibet Region of India

l
India --- Bhutan --- India
l
India

Land and Resources:

Bhutan has an area of 47,000 sq km (18,100 sq mi). Despite its small

size, it is a land of great diversity, with dense, swampy jungles, valleys of
rice fields, bleak alpine highlands, and towering Himalayan snow peaks in
close proximity to one another.
Bhutan has three major land regions: the Great Himalayan region, in
the north; the Middle Himalayan region, in central Bhutan; and the Duars, a
plain along the southern border with India. The Great Himalayan region
rises more than 4,300 m (14,000 ft) along the Tibetan border and contains
Kula Kangri (7,554 m/24,783 ft), Bhutan’s highest peak. Northern Bhutan is
uninhabited except for a few scattered settlements in the high valleys,
where hardy Bhutanese yaks graze in the high mountain pastures in the
summer months.
The Great Himalayas radiate southward into central Bhutan, creating
the Middle Himalayan zone. The Middle Himalayas enclose fertile valleys
lying at elevations between about 1,500 and 2,800 m (about 4,900 and
9,200 ft). These are relatively broad and flat valleys, with moderate rainfall
and a temperate climate; they are well populated and cultivated.
South of the Middle Himalayan valleys and foothills lies the Duars,
which is a plain 8 to 13 km (5 to 8 mi) wide. Here rivers flowing to the south
have cut deep gorges into the mountains that rise sharply from the narrow
plain. The rainfall is heavy and the hillsides are covered with thick
vegetation. The climate of the Duars tract is unhealthy; the valleys are hot
and humid and the forested foothills are wet and misty. The southern
section of the Duars, once covered with dense savanna and bamboo jungle,
has been largely cleared for rice cultivation. The northern part of the
Duars, including the foothills, is rugged, irregular land that is covered with
dense vegetation; deer, tigers, and other wild animals roam this area.
Bhutan’s main rivers, from west to east, are the Torsa, Raidak,
Sankosh, and Manas. Rising in the Great Himalayas, these rivers flow south
through Bhutan to India. Flooding is rare in the upper courses but can be a
serious problem in the low-lying areas of the Duars. None of the rivers is
navigable.
In Bhutan, differences in altitude, exposure to sunlight, and rain-
bearing winds result in intricate variations in climate. The northern interior
has bitterly cold winters and cool, temperate summers; the southern
foothills and the Duars, less than 160 km (100 mi) away, have a humid,
tropical climate all year. In the capital, Thimphu, in west central Bhutan,
average temperatures range from about -4°C (25°F) to about 16°C (61°F) in
January and from about 15°C (59°F) to about 26°C (79°F) in July, during the
monsoon season. The average annual precipitation is about 650 mm (about
25 in), with most of it falling between June and September.
Mineral resources in Bhutan include limestone, dolomite, and coal.
Limestone and dolomite are mined in southwestern Bhutan; coal is
extracted in the southeast. Some 64 percent of Bhutan’s land area is
forested. Most of the forests are located in the Middle Himalayan ranges
and foothills of central and eastern Bhutan. Vegetation varies with altitude,
slope, moisture, and drainage. Deciduous woodlands are found in the
south, mixed forests in central Bhutan, and coniferous forests in the north.
Population growth is increasing the demand for fuelwood and causing
pressure on the small amount of land that can be used for farming or
pasture. The more accessible forests have been depleted through
overcutting, poor management, and soil erosion. Poor access to potable
water and sanitation are also serious problems in Bhutan. Nevertheless,
preservation of the environment is part of the country’s tradition and
government policy, and 21.2 percent (1997) of the land is protected.
 Maldives – male
“Fast 6rowing Dragon”

Northern: India Ocean

Southwest: Southern tip of India

Land and Resources

The islands are low-lying and have only small tracts of arable
land. Vegetation is dominated by coconut palms and breadfruit
trees. The climate is tropical and humid. The average annual
temperature is 26.7° C (80° F), with little seasonal variation. The
average annual precipitation is 1,500 mm (60 in), most of which falls
between May and November. The principal natural resource is the
marine life of the surrounding seas.

Economy
The Maldivian economy is dominated by fishing, and the total
catch in 1997 was 107,676 metric tons. The most valuable species is
tuna; corals and shells are also taken. Coconuts are the principal
agricultural product; most food must be imported. Industrial activity
is largely limited to fish processing and garment manufacturing. The
tourist industry is growing; in 2000 some 467,000 tourists visited
Maldives, adding $344 million to the economy. The national currency
is the rufiyaa which is made up of 100 laari (11.77 rufiyaa equal U.S.
$1; 2000 average).
Sri lanka – Colombo
“Resplendent Land”

Northwest: Bay of Ben6aL

South: Indian Ocean
West: Arabian Sea

Source of living:
Forestry and Fishing, Agriculture
Natural Resources:
Located at the tropical zone, Sri Lanka experiences high
temperature. Rainfall is very important to the country’s
farmers. It is in the wet zone where the southwest and the
northeast monsoons are experienced, thereby allowing the
growth of crops. Rice and tea compose most of the food crops
which depend largely on irrigation. Fruits, vegetables, cocoa,
cinnamon, citronella spices, and nuts are also grown in the
country.
Valuable timber and fuel come from its forests which
make up 40% of the country’s land area. Unique valuable and
precious stones are mined in Ceylon’s mountains and hills.
Pulmoddai is known as the “Gem City” of the country and
contains a large variety of stones like sapphire, topaz, ruby,
and zircon.

Brunei Darussalam - Bandar Seri Begawan

“OiL-rich Kingdom”

Northern: Island of Borneo

North: South China Sea

Source of living:

The economy of Brunei is overwhelmingly dependent on

the production of petroleum and natural gas.

Natural Resources:

The country is endemically rich in oil and natural gas. The

first oil field was discovered in Seria in 1929. However, Seria
has now passed its peak and most output is now coming from
the Ampa oil field. The country’s crop includes rice, sago, and
coconut. With an average income of 6.4 billion a year, Brunei is
considered the richest country in Southeast Asia.
 Cambodia – Phnom Penh

Northeast: Laos
East: Vietnam
Southeast: Thailand
West: Thailand
Northwest: Thailand
Southwest: Gulf of Thailand

Source of living:
Agriculture and Fishing, Mining and Manufacturing
Natural Resources

Of Cambodia’s total land area, only 21 percent is

cultivated. Areas surrounding the Mekong and the Tônlé Sap
are the most fertile regions. The country's once-ample timber
resources have been poorly managed and are being rapidly
depleted by local and foreign entrepreneurs. Although
Cambodia is not rich in mineral resources, Bătdâmbâng
province in northwestern Cambodia contains limited quantities
of zircons, sapphires, and rubies. The central part of the
country contains commercial deposits of salt, manganese, and
phosphate. The Gulf of Thailand is thought to contain
petroleum deposits, but the extent and accessibility of the
reserves have yet to be determined.
Name: Ann Justine H. Dela Cruz
Level: II- Philemon
Teacher: Teng Garing
East Asia

South
Asia
Southeast
Asia
Southwes
t Asia
North
Asia