Essential Referencing Guide (from MHRA Style Guide, pg.

49-56)
Use the following referencing style to cite quotations from primary and secondary
sources in footnotes following a quotation (i.e. I had seen birth and death | But had
thought they were different1, muses Eliots Wise Man.). All direct quotations from
primary and secondary sources should be followed by a footnote containing
information about the source. The bibliography should appear at the end of the
essay and should contain a list of all primary and secondary sources cited and
consulted in the essay in alphabetical order by the authors last name. Each entry in
the bibliography should be left justified and should have a hanging indent (so that
each line following the first line is indented by one tab).
Book:
Initial ref:

Tom McArthur, World of Reference: Lexicography, Learning and

Learning from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 59.

Subsequent refs:

McArthur, p. 62.

Bibliography:

McArthur, Tom, World of Reference: Lexicography, Learning

and Learning from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1986).

Book (with an editor):

Initial ref:

David Bevington, ed., English Renaissance Drama: A Norton

Anthology (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002).

Subsequent ref(s): Bevington, p. 5.

Bibliography:

Bevington, David, ed., English Renaissance Drama: A Norton

Anthology (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002).

Chapters in books:
Initial ref:

Martin Elsky, Words, Things, and Names: Jonsons Poetry and

Philosophical Grammar, in Classic and Cavalier: Essays on
Jonson and the Sons of Ben, ed. by Claude J. Summers and
Ted-Larry Pebworth (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, 1982),
pp. 31-55 (p. 41).

Subsequent refs:

Elsky, p. 47.

Bibliography:

Elsky, Martin, Words, Things, and Names: Jonsons Poetry and

Philosophical Grammar, in Classic and Cavalier: Essays on

Eliot, p. 57.

Jonson and the Sons of Ben, ed. by Claude J. Summers and

Ted- Larry Pebworth (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, 1982),
pp. 31-55.
Articles in journals:
Initial ref (print):

Richard Hillyer, In More than Name Only: Jonsons To Sir

Horace Vere, MLR, 85 (1990), 1-11 (p. 8).

Initial ref (online):

Richard Hillyer, In More than Name Only: Jonsons To Sir

Horace Vere, MLR, 85 (1990) <INSERT FULL URL> [accessed
28 January 2012] 1-11 (p. 8).

Subsequent entries: Hillyer, p. 10.

Bibliography (print): Hillyer, Richard, In More than Name Only: Jonsons To Sir
Horace Vere, MLR, 85 (1990), 1-11.
Bibliography (online): Hillyer, Richard, In More than Name Only: Jonsons To Sir
Horace Vere, MLR, 85 (1990) <INSERT FULL URL>[accessed
28 January 2012] 1-11.
Plays or poems from an anthology or collection:
Initial ref:

Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy, in English Renaissance

Drama: A Norton Anthology, ed. by David Bevington (New York:
W.W. Norton & Company, 2002), pp. 8-73 (I.i.20-25)

Subsequent refs:

Kyd, I.iv.87.

Bibliography:

Kyd, Thomas, The Spanish Tragedy, in English Renaissance

Drama: A Norton Anthology, ed. by David Bevington (New York:
W.W. Norton & Company, 2002), pp. 8-73.

Course booklet
Initial ref:

John Bale, King Johan, in EN302 Early Drama course booklet

(University of Kent, 2012), p. 14.

Subsequent refs:

Bale, p. 14.

Bibliography:

Bale, John, King Johan, in EN302 Early Drama course booklet

(University of Kent, 2012), pp. 10-50.

Webpage (entries or images):

Initial ref:

Sharon Thesen, Phyllis Webb, The Canadian Encyclopedia (23

April 2014)
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/phyllis-webb/
[acessed 24 September 2014] (para. 2 of 2)

Subsequent refs:

Thesen, para. 1 of 2.

Bibliography:

Thesen, Sharon, Phyllis Webb, The Canadian Encyclopedia

(23 April 2014)
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/phyllis- webb/
[acessed 24 September 2014]

Films:
Initial ref:

The Grapes of Wrath, dir. by John Ford (20

1940).

th

Century Fox,

Subsequent refs: The Grapes of Wrath.

Bibliography:

The Grapes of Wrath, dir. by John Ford (20

1940).

th

Century Fox,

Quotations (from MHRA Style Guide, pp. 42-46)

Short quotations are enclosed within single quotation marks and integrated within
your own sentences. If the quotation is in verse, add an upright stroke ( | ) to show
the separation of the lines.
Example: I had seen birth and death | But had thought they were different, muses
Eliots Wise Man.
Long quotations are offset from the main paragraph by one space (down) and two
tabs (to the right). These quotations are normally longer than two lines of text (or
forty words) and should not be enclosed in quotation marks.
Example:

This play [writes Dr Johnson, referring to Cymbeline] has many just

sentiments some natural dialogues, and some pleasing scenes, but
they are obtained at the expense of much incongruity.
Quotations from a play or poetry that are more than two lines long should be
offset from the main text (one space down and two tabs to the right) and should
include the speakers names but should not be enclosed in quotation marks:
Macbeth

Prithee, peace!I dare do all that may become a man;

Who dares do more, is none.
Lady Macbeth
What beast wast then That
made you break this enterprise to me?
When you durst do it, then you were a man; And to be
more than what you were, you would Be so much more
the man.

Please note:
If the addition of words are required to make the quotation grammatically correct
within your sentence, or if additional precision is required, include any necessary
additions by using square brackets.

Example: Flanigan notes that conventions of medieval [religious] ritual were

complex.
If parts of the quotation are unnecessary then these should be replaced with ellipses.
Example: Flanigans argument emphasises that Sunday processions are based on
... the entry of the pope into the church in Rome.