1

[(i) adulterant means any material which is or could be employed for the purpose of

adulteration;]
2

[(i-a)] adulteratedan article of food shall be deemed to be adulterated-

(a) If the article sold by a vendor is not of the nature, substance or quality, demanded by the
purchaser and is to his prejudice, or is not of the nature, substance or quality, which it purports
or is, represented to be;
(b) If the article contains any other substance which affect, or if the article is so processed as to
affect injuriously the nature, substance or quality thereof;
ACT 68 OF 1986
The Consumer Protection Bill, 1986 was passed by both the Houses of Parliament and it
received the assent of the President on 24th December,1986. It came on the Statutes
Book as the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (68 of 1986).
LIST OF AMENDING ACTS
1. The Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 1991 (34 of 1991).
2. The Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 1993 (50 of 1993).
THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT,1986
(68 of 1986)
An Act to provide for better protection of the interests of consumers and for that purpose
to make provision for the establishment of consumer councils and other authorities for
the settlement of consumer' disputes and for matters connected therewith.

(d) "consumer' means any person who(i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly
paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes
any user of such goods other then the person who buys such goods for
consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any
person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for
any commercial purpose; or
(ii) [hires or avails of] any services for a consideration which has been paid or
promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred
payment and includes any beneficiary of such services other
then the person who [hires or avails of] the services for consideration paid or
promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred
payment,

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND LAW

The relationship between law and economic development has been a central
concern of moder social theory, providing a focal point for the analyses of Marx,
Durkheim, and Weber. In the 1970s, law and society scholars drew on these

traditions to inform international development policy in what was then called the
"Law and Development Movement." These scholars, who focused primarily on
Latin America and who were informed by an activist vision of law as a tool for
social change, sought to export U.S. models of law and legal education,
suggesting the possibility of a theoretically informed development policy focused
on law (Tamanaha 1995). The Law and Development Movement ultimately fizzled
(Gardner 1980; Trubek and Galanter 1974), and with it went the budgets for legal
policy reform in developing countries.
The new wave of law and development activity corresponds with a shift toward
market-oriented economic policies in the developing world (Chua 1998). Reform
of legal institutions is now seen as one pillar of a tripartite package of reforms
that also includes democracy and economic liberalization.
Typologies of legal systems. Allocative Dimension Market State Procedural Rules
market/rule-based state/rule-based Dimension Discretion market/discretionary
state/discretionary