MATCHING TIDAL CURRENT POTENTIAL

WITH LOCAL ELECTRICITY

CONDITIONS
AT LARANTUKA-ADONARA ISLAND
H.Wahyono, M.Firmansyah, B.S. Munir, Zamrisyaf,H.Indrawan
Muhammad.firmansyah@pln.co.id

PT PLN (Persero) Electric Power Research and Development Centre

Presentation Out line :

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

VI.

Introduction
Marine Current Energy potential in Indonesia
Basic Principle of energy conversion
Calculation Energy Production at Flores Strait
Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and
Load.
Conclusions

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia consist of 17,508 islands, about 6,000 of

which are inhabited.
Electricity generation in Indonesia is domination
by fossil fuel such as coal, oil and gas.

Current and Target Fuel Mix Electric Power Generation (source RUPTL 2011-2020)

INTRODUCTION

Most of Indonesian territory was Ocean, total

land boundary length is 2,830 km (1,758 mi). Its
coastline is 54, 716 km (33,999 mi).
One of the promising energy resources is energy
from the ocean and 70 % of Indonesia territory
is ocean

INTRODUCTION

Why Marine Current ?

High energy density (water density around

1000 times air density)

Better predictability (less influence by local

wheather condition)

Enviromental fiendly

MARINE CURRENT ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDONESIA

Two methodologies marine current assessment,

Numerical simulation (for initial prediction)
Site measurement

Figure 1 Maximum current Velocity on Indonesian seas (Ray, Egbert, Eroveefa 2005)

MARINE CURRENT ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDONESIA

General requirement site location for marine current energy
conveter (MCEC):
1.
Minimum average current speed 1m/s (EU Commission
1996)
2.
Adequate water deep, (25 m 45 m for sub merge
construction)
3.
Wide enough for MCT Farm array
4.
Not Major shipping lane
5.
Near Existing electrical grid
Most of straits on east Indonesia is potential location
for marine current energy converter

MARINE CURRENT ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDONESIA

Table 1 Recommended site for Marine Current Energy Converter
No

Strait

Location

Current Velocity Speed

Range (m/s)

Lombok Strait

Between Bali and Lombok Island

0.2 2.3

Alas Strait

Between Lombok and Sumbawa

island

0.2 2.4

Sape Strait

Between Sumbawa and Komodo

Island

0.2 3.2

Linta Strait

Between Komodo and Rinja Island

0.2 3.2

Flores Strait

Between Flores and Adonara Island

0.3 3.8

Boleng Strait

Between Adonara and Lembata

Island

0.3 3.6

7
8

Lamakera Strait
Alor Strait

Solor and Lembata

Between Lembata and Pantar Island

0.3 3.2
0.3 3.2

Pantar Strait

Between Pantar and Alor Island

0.3 3.2

BASIC PRINCIPLE ENERGY CONVERSION

MCEC Turbine Power Extracted

P = Power extracted (watt),

= Water mass density (kg/m3)
A = Cross sectional of the rotor called swept area (m2)
V = Free stream fluid velocity (m/sec)
Cp = Coefficient of hydrodynamic power

Turbine with 14 m Diameter, with Moderate Cp 0.4 and

water speed 3.2 m/s ,
Generate around 1 MW power at turbine

Calculation Energy Production at Flores Strait

Speed Linearization (cm/s)
12
Speed (cm/s)

10
8
6
4
2
0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
Time

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Calculation Energy Production at Flores Strait

Half hour avarange speed
12
Speed (cm/s)

10
8
6
4
2
0
Time

Power Generated by MCT

Power Generated (KW)

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Time

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

Four criteria in the preparation of plant scheduling:
1. PMCT > P Load
A more efficient system is one in which the load is connected to a set of batteries and the excess
power during over-generation due to excessive current velocity, can be used to charge the battery
bank.
Power balance for this condition is:
PMCT + PDGs = P Load + PBESS
(4)
PDGs = 0,
Then,
PMCT = PLoad + PBESS
(5)

2. PMCT equal PLoad

This condition only occurs within a relatively short time, because it likely will be small once the load
curve can follow the curve of PMCT.

PDGs=0, PBESS = 0.
(6)

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

3. PMCT < P Load

PRest = PMCT - P Load

(7)

There are two options in this statement:

a. PBESS > P Rest
In this statement, the first option is to discharge BESS with the goal of reducing fuel consumption
and simultaneously reducing overall production costs. Other reasons include a desire to use
renewable energy, or to reduce production of CO2 emission.
For this situation, we can apply the equation (8)
PMCT + PBESS = PLoad
(8)

b.PBESS < P Rest

For the second condition, if the energy stored in the BESS is smaller than the prediction of deficit
energy the next half hour, then the DGS will be operated and BESS are on stand-by position.
Power Balance equation for this statement:
PMCT + PDGs = PLoad
(9)

4. Tidal current velocity below Vcut-in

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

Based on Load Forecasting for Larantuka-adonara system at 2015,
peak adn avarange load at this system around 8,9 MW and 4,26 MW
with capacity factor 47,84 %. .
12
10

Load (MW)

8
6
4
2
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Time

Fig 5 Larantuka-Adonara Daily load profile

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

Energy management simulation based on the daily load profile with theree scenarios :
- 12 MW MCT and Diesel Generation System (DGS)
- 12 MW MCT, DGS and Battery storage system (BSS)
19 MW MCT and BSS
Analysis Result :
1.
How Much energy generated by each power generation
2.
How Much Minimum BSS need for this schenario ?

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

12

Power (Mw)

10
8
6
4
2
0

(a) Scenario 1

At scenario 1, un absorb MCT energy due to mismatch demand and

supply reach 12.41 MWH, this system shoulbe cheapest on investation
budged due to lack of energy system but the operational cost shouldbe
highest due to Diesel power generation cost

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

12

Power (MW)

10
8
6
4
2
0

(b) Scenario 2

Scenario 2 prevent MCT energy lost by embbeded battery energy

storage system. This scenario reduce diesel energy production until
36.27 MWH or 25 % from previous scenario. The minimum size of
BSS is 5.3 MW

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

12
10

Power (MW)

8
6
4
2

(b) Scenario 3
0

Scenario 3 eliminate DGs from the system, 10.57 MW minimum BSS

should installed to balance between load and generation

Larantuka-Adonara Power Generation and Load

Table 2 Energy Balance comparison between three scenarios
Scenario1

Scenario2

Scenario3

MCT Peak Power (MW)

8.58

9.3

14.72

DGs Peak Power (MW)

6.53

6.53

MCT Energy Daily (MWH)

54.19

79.03

102.88

DGs Energy Daily (MWH)

48.69

36.27

Un Absorb MCT Energy Daily (MWH)

12.41

BSS Size minimum (MW)

5.3

10.57

CONCLUSIONS

East Indonesia have potential marine current energy resource, due to

alot of strait adjacent between island.
Marine current energy have a lot of advatages to fulfill energy
demand for alot of small island on east indonesia.
Energy management need to balance between load and power
genertion for Marine Current power generation due to intermittent
condition of the marine current speed.

Thank you