Tip #1

Carbon is one of the most important non metallic elements. This is because all
the bio molecules invariably posses carbon and hydrogen as the major
constituents. The electron configuration of Carbon allows it to form very stable
bonds with oxygen and hydrogen. These bonds can store an enormous amount of
energy. Formation and combustion of these bonds (the carbon cycle) drives life
on earth

Tip #2
The special significance of carbon lies in the fact that it forms two types of
compounds- organic and inorganic compounds, The compounds which are
analogous with the corresponding compounds of other non-metallic elements are
studied under the branch of inorganic chemistry,

Tip #3

Tip #4

Tip #5
Carbon is very popular for having many allotropes Carbon has several solid state
allotropes: graphite, diamond and In graphite, sheets of carbon rings can easily
slide past each other, making this allotrope ubiquitous in pencils. Graphite is also
used in lubricant because it is arranged in planes that can easily slide pass one
another. Graphite is also the most thermodynamically stable allotrope of carbon.

Tip #6

Tip #7
The various compounds of carbon being responsible for the growth and the
development of living organisms. Though the various life processes involve
complex organic Reactions, carbon dioxide, which is basically an inorganic
compound, is invariably associated with them.

Tip #8
Atmosphere acts as a reservoir of carbon dioxide, and Plants make use of this
gas for the pieces of photosynthesis thereby producing carbohydrates. These
carbohydrates, being the sources of energy, are consumed by animal during the
process of respiration, they break down and carbon dioxide gas is released back
into the atmosphere.

Tip #9

Tip #10

Tip #11

Occurrence
Carbon occurs in both Free State and combined state,

Tip #12
Carbon exists as the native element in the form of coal in earth's crust as the
native element. It occurs in a very small amount in its allotropic forms like
diamond and graphite. Diamond and graphite are in a very small amount in its
allotropic forms Diamond and graphite are pure forms of carbon.

Tip #13
Coal is an impure form of carbon another allotropic form of carbon, fullerene, has
been discovered by geologists in a crater made by a meteorite in Germany and
in ancient rocks in New Zealand.

Tip #14

Tip #15
A wide variety of hydrocarbons occur naturally. The naturally occurring
hydrocarbons are natural gas, petroleum gas, marsh gas and others, Carbon
dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is present in all kinds of
natural waters.

Tip #16
Allotropy
(i)Allotropy is a phenomenon in which an element exhibits different physical

forms, with almost similar chemical properties .Some elements like carbon,
phosphorous, sulphur, iron ,etc ,exhibit this phenomenon
(ii)Carbon is an element that can exhibit various .allotropic forms which have a
wide variety of applications. The allotropic forms exhibited by carbon are broadly
of two types namely crystalline forms and non crystalline forms or amorphous
forms.

Tip #17
Crystalline allotropic forms of carbon
(i) They have well defined regular Geometrical arrangements of carbon atoms.
Diamond and graphite are the widely known crystalline allotropes of carbon
(ii) A third form of crystalline allotrope carbon is called fullerene was discovered
in the recent times They have extensive technological applications in various
fields.

Tip #18