Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Şenol Okumuş - Coursebook Evaluation
Şenol Okumuş - Coursebook Evaluation
Abstract
The aim of this study is to reveal how the 4 th grade Turkish EFL students
evaluate the coursebook ngilizce 4.
To achieve this purpose, a
questionnaire was administered to a total of 41 4 th grade EFL students. (18
students from Oymaltepe Primary School and 23 students from zdil
Primary School). Then, a comparison was made between these two groups
(schools) to find out the differences in their views. The results of the study
showed that students are generally content with the coursebook ngilizce
4 as they expressed their agreement on the items of the questionnaire
related to the categories such as the visual elements/layout of the book,
the presentation of vocabulary and language items, the activities and
exercises and the supporting sources of the book. Based the mean scores
of these categories; it was also observed that the students agree to all
these categories. When analyzed from a different point of view, students
do not agree on the idea that the coursebook ngilize 4 fully (strongly
agree) meet their needs in terms of language learning. Moreover, the
comparison between the two groups (schools) showed that students of
both groups reflected similar views about the coursebook.
1. INTRODUCTION
Coursebooks are the one of the units of language education. Thus, they
are considered as significant fort he studies related to language learning
and teaching. According to Demir & Erta (2004), as they are the unique
contributors to content learning, coursebooks are at the core of any
curriculum and they are, perhaps, the most widely used materials in order
to transmit knowledge and skills. For example, Tomlinson (2003), states
that a coursebook helps provide a route map for both teachers and
learners, making it possible for them to look ahead to what will be done in
a lesson as well as to look back on what has been done (p. 39). That is to
say, coursebooks provide a plan for both teachers and students informing
them what to do, what to learn or what to teach.
In addition, coursebooks guide teachers and students in the education
process and mark out the limits and boundaries of the curriculum
supplying standardization throughout a region or a country. Coursebooks
not only serve as the general framework for teachers to follow in
accordance with the curriculum, but they also function as a guide through
the courses offering a wide collection of relevant examples and practices
regardless of the subject matter. (Demir & Erta 2004, 243).
1.1. Purpose of the Study
The aim of this study is to reveal how do the 4th grade Turkish EFL students evaluate the
coursebook ngilizce 4. The study will seek answers to the following questions:
1. What are the students views on the coursebook ngilizce 4?
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the book ngilizce
4 according to students?
3. To what extend does the coursebook ngilizce 4 meet the
needs of the students?
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In English teaching, coursebooks are indispensable materials representing
the the visible heart of any ELT program (Sheldon 1988). In this sense, ELT
coursebooks have multiple roles in the process of language teaching. As to
Cunningsworth (1995), ELT coursebooks promote interaction, serve
necessary vocabulary and grammar, provide written and spoken materials,
act as a source for classroom activities and supply the learners with the
chance of self-access and self-directed learning. Thus, it can be said that
coursebooks have an inevitable effect on language learning process. For
this reason, as Demir & Erta (2004) state, choosing the most appropriate
coursebook is a serious issue and which can only be made possible with a
comprehensive and elaborative evaluation. (p. 244)
The significant role of coursebooks cannot be denied in terms of language
education. According to Harmer (1991):
Where a textbook is involved there are obvious advantages for both
teacher and students. Good textbooks often contain lively and
interesting material; they provide a sensible progression of language
items, clearly showing what has to be learnt and in some cases
summarizing what has been studied so that students can revise
grammatical and functional points that they have been concentrating
on. Textbooks can be systematic about the amount of vocabulary
presented to the student and allow students to study on their own
outside the class. Good textbooks also relieve the teacher from the
pressure of having to think of original material for every class (p.
257).
2.1. Coursebook Evaluation
Jafarigohar & Ghaderi (2013) state that evaluation is carried out to determine the degree to
which a program or intervention is worthwhile. It is the process of purposeful gathering of
information to make a sound decision which is analyzed and reported to stakeholders or
interested parties. (p.195) That is to say, evaluation is the process by which the quality of the
textbook is assessed in in order to make necessary changes on it and give textbook writers an
idea about what to take into consideration while preparing a textbook.
Evaluation, as a term, does not have the same meaning with assesment. Harmer (2001) states
that the assessment of a coursebook is an out-of-class judgment as to how well a new book
will perform in class. On the other hand, coursebook evaluation is a judgment on how well a
book has performed in fact (p. 301).
There are many reasons for evaluating textbooks. Littlejohn (1998) claims that materials
analysis and evaluation give us a chance to take more control over the material design and
use. Sheldon (1988) points out that we should evaluate textbooks for two reasons. First, the
evaluation helps the program developer or teacher choose the most appropriate textbooks for
the learners. Moreover, evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of the coursebook enables
teachers to see the probable strengths and weaknesses of it. It is also an important issue that
the suggestions and ideas of teachers should be taken into consideration in the process of
evaluation as they are the implementers of the coursebooks and they are familiar with the
classroom dynamics. (Jafarigohar & Ghaderi, 2013)
2.2. Coursebook Evaluation Tools
Coursebook selection is a significant issue in the process of language teaching and teachers
need to decide on the most appropriate coursebook suitable for students level. Nunan (1991)
states:
The selection process can be greatly facilitated by the use of systematic materials
evaluation procedures which help ensure that materials are consistent with the needs
and interests of the learners they are intended to serve, as well as being in harmony
with institutional ideologies on the nature of language and learning. (p. 209)
According to Cunningsworth (1995), an effective evaluation of coursebooks
requires asking appropriate questions and providing the answers to them.
Thus, using evaluation checklists provided by various experts is a good
way for teachers to evaluate the coursebooks.
Cunningsworth (1995) created a checklist for evaluation and selection of
coursebooks and it contains 45 questions. The checklist includes a number
of
criteria
such
as
design,
aims,
language
content,
skills,
and
4. Affective depth: The extent to which the content affects the inner
person.
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Participants
The participants in this study include 41 4 th grade EFL students: 18
students from Oymaltepe Primary School and 23 students from the zdil
Primary School. Both schools are located in Yomra, a district of Trabzon.
3.2. Data Collection and Analysis
This is a descriptive research study. As Ruane (2005, 12) states
descriptive research offers a detailed picture of some social phenomenon,
setting, experience, group, etc. Descriptive research is also considered as
a survey research and it is defined as a procedure for systematically
collecting
information
about
the
attitudes,
beliefs,
background,
used
to
collect
the
necessary
data.
The
questionnaire
was
Categories
Number of Items
Visual Elements in the Book
8 (1-8)
9 (9-
17)
Activities and Exercises
7 (18-
24)
Supporting Sources
(25-30)
4. ANALYSIS OF DATA
The responses taken from 41 4th grade primary EFL students were
analyzed through SPSS software and the findings were shown in tables.
Then, necessary conclusions are deduced from the tables and interpreted
as qualitative data.
STUDENTS VIEWS
41
4,3415
1,28544
Agree
41
3,8103
0,82636
Agree
Presentation of Vocabulary
and Language Items
9 items (9-17)
Mean
SD
Agreemen
t/
Disagreem
ent
41
3,8362
,82596
Agree
Supporting Sources
6 items (25-30)
41
4,3333
1,64063
Agree
When Table 1 analyzed, it is seen that students are positive about the
visual design of the book and they agree that it has a good layout (M=4,
3415). Based on the related items in the questionnaire, it can be said that
students like the appearance of the book and they think that the pictures
in the book are attractive and beautiful. In addition, they agree that the
coursebook is sturdy enough because the paper used in the book is strong
enough and cannot be
students do not find the book heavy to carry. Based on all these criteria, it
can be concluded that students have positive feelings towards the visual
design and layout of the English book ngilizce 4.
With regard to students thoughts about the presentation of vocabulary
and language items in the book, students agree (M=3,8103) that the book
is good at teaching the vocabulary and language items in the way they
can learn because the topics in the book move from easy to difficult.
Based on the related items on the questionnaire, it can be asserted that
students like the way the book presents
word and new words are used in the sentences in the later units. That is
to say, it gives the students the chance to see and revise the same
vocabulary in the later units and ensure the vocabulary retention.
Moreover, students agree that the book helps them learn different
language items such as greeting in English, saying the names of the
objects and counting from one to ten.
In terms of the activities and exercises included in the book, students also
expressed agreement with a mean score of (M=3, 8362). Based on the
related items, it can be stated that there are various activities and
exercises in the coursebook and they are not boring for them. Also, they
agree that activities and exercises in the book help them reinforce the
newly learnt items and games and craft activities included in the
coursebook are enjoyable and helpful in reinforcing the language point.
Regarding the supporting sources of the book, it can be claimed students
have positive thoughts about activities supplied in their coursebook (M=4,
3333). Specifically, it can be drawn from the related items in the
questionnaire that previous topics are regularly reviewed and there are
various kinds of activities in the workbook. Students also agree that the
number of activities in the workbook is enough for them to meet their
needs. In addition to these, they agree on the item that the workbook
provides them with exercises that help them understand the topic better.
Considering all the categories together, it is clearly seen from Table 1 that
the highest mean scores belong to categories of visual elements in the
book (M=4, 3415) and supporting sources (M=4, 3333). Thus, it is obvious
that students like the visual elements/the layout of the book and the
supporting
sources
of
the
book
more
than
presentation
of
Mean
Std. Deviation
2- zdil Primary
18
4,4028
1,87650
,44229
23
4,2935
,52712
,10991
Presentation of Vocabulary
18
3,9444
,72235
,17026
23
3,7053
,90118
,18791
18
4,1270
,70309
,16572
23
3,6087
,85738
,17878
18
4,2222
,73653
,17360
23
4,4203
2,11110
,44019
Supporting Sources
Variances
Mean
Std. Error
Difference
Difference
,791
,10930
,40930
39
,364
,23913
,26057
2,075
39
,045
,51829
,24981
-,380
39
,706
-,19807
,52191
Sig.
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
2,180
,148
,267
39
2,340
,134
,918
,702
,407
Supporting Sources
1,322
,257
Presentation of Vocabulary
and Language Items
The results of the t-test for equality of means show that there is no
significant difference between two groups in terms of students views on
visual elements in the book. (sig.= ,751 MD= ,10930). The similar case is
valid for the presentation of vocabulary and language items in the
coursebook because the mean difference between groups is not very high
(sig. = ,364 MD=,23913). However, it can be observed from Table 3 that
the significance level of the Activities and Exercises category is relatively
high and there is a more explicit difference between the views of the two
groups.
As for the supporting sources, it can be said that the mean difference
between the two groups is not high in terms of their perceptions about the
supporting sources (sig.= ,706 MD=-,19807) Thus, it can be concluded for
Table 3 that there is only a noticeable difference between the two groups
(schools) in terms of their thoughts about the activities and the exercises
supplied in the coursebook.
5. CONCLUSION
Coursebooks are one of the main materials used by teachers and students
in the process of language teaching learning. Thus, coursebook evaluation
is one of the most important issues which needs to be taken into
consideration to decide on the strenghts and weaknesses of the
coursebook. By this way, necessary changes or developments can be
implemented for the coursebook and a more effective language teaching
may be ensured. Now that the evaluation of the coursebooks is of high
importance for the language teaching process, students views constitute
a significant part in this issure. For this reason, this study aimed to reveal
how the 4th grade Turkish EFL students evaluate the coursebook ngilizce
4. The study sought answers to the following questions:
1. What are the students views on the coursebook ngilizce 4?
2. What are the strenghts and weaknesses of the book ngilizce
4 according to students?
3. To what extend does the coursebook ngilizce 4 meet the
needs of the students?
The findings of this study revealed that students are generally
content with the coursebook ngilizce 4 as they expressed their
agreement on the items of the questionnaire related to
the categories
the idea that the coursebook ngilize 4 fully (strongly agree) meet their
needs in terms of language learning. In addition, the comparison between
the two groups (schools) showed that students of the both groups
reflected smilar views about the coursebook. Yet, the biggest difference
was observed between the two groups perception of the coursebook in
terms of activities and exercises provided by the coursebook. (Mean
Scores= Oymaltepe Primary School: 4, 1270 / zdil Primary School: 3,
6087)
References
Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Oxford: Heinemann.
Demir, Y. & Erta, A (2004) A Suggested eclectic checklist for ELT
coursebook evaluation. The Reading Matrix, 14 (2), 243-252
Dougill, J. (1987) ELT Textbooks and Materials: Problems in Evaluation and
Development (ELT Documents 126). Oxford: Modern English
Publications/The British Council.
Gray, P. S., Williamson, J. B., Karp, D. A. & Dalphin, J. B. (2007), The
Research
Imagination: An Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Methods,
USA: Cambridge University Press.
Harmer, J. (1991). The Practice of English Language Teaching: London.
Longman.
Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English language teaching. Essex:
Pearson Education Limited.
Snf:
B. YNERGELER
Sevgili renciler,
Aada, bu sene ngilizce dersinizde kullandnz ngilizce 4 adl kitap
hakkndaki dncelerinizi yanstabileceiniz bir anket yer almaktadr. Ankete
vereceiniz cevaplar bir aratrmada kullanlacaktr. Ltfen sorular dikkatlice
okuyup size uygun gelen kutunun iine bir adet arp koyunuz. Katklarnz iin
imdiden teekkrler.
Hi
Tamamen
KatlmyorumKararszmKatlyorum
Katlmyorum
katlyorum
KTABIN GRNM
1. Kitabn grnmn genelde
beeniyorum.
2. Kitap olduka salam ve dayanakldr.
3. Kitapta kullanlan kt kalitelidir.
4. Kitapta kullanlan yaz tipini
kolaylkla okuyabiliyorum.
5. Kitab rahatlkla tayabiliyorum;
kitap ar deil.
6. Kitaptaki resimler olduka renkli
ve gzel.
7. Kitaptaki resimler konuyu
anlamama yardmc oluyor.
8. Kitaptaki sayfa dzenini rahata
anlayp takip edebiliyorum.
KELME VE KONU ANLATIMI
9. Kitap bilmediim kelimelerin anlamlarn
veriyor.
10. Kitap kelimeleri benim
anlayabileceim ekilde anlatm.
11. Yeni kelimeler daha sonraki
konularda deiik cmlelerde
geiyor.
12. Konular ok ilgi ekici buluyorum ve
beeniyorum.
13. Kitapta islenen konular kolaydan zora
doru gidiyor.
Hi
Katlmyorum
Katlmyorum
Kararszm
Katlyorum
Tamamen
katlyorum
Class:
This is a questionnaire which aims to collect information about 4th grade EFL
students views about
English the coursebook ngilizce 4 . Please fill out the following questionnaire,
checking the box
which best describes whether you agree or disagree with each statement. Thanks for
your participation.
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Undecided Agree
Strongly
Agree
English and
understand
the English
greeting
words thanks
to the
coursebook.
15. I can say the names of the objects
in the classroom and identify them
thanks to the coursebook.
16. I can introduce my family members
in English thanks to the things I have
learnt in the coursebook
17. I can count from one to ten in
English thanks to the things I have
learnt from the coursebook.
ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISES
18. Activities and exercises in the
coursebook are not varied and they are
boring.
19. Activities and exercises help me
reinforce the newly learnt items.
20. I can understand the instructions
related to the exercises easily.
21 There are enjoyable songs in the
coursebook related to
different topics.
22. Exercises and activities are suitable to my
level
of English.
23. Games in the coursebook are both
enjoyable and helpful in reinforcing the
language point.
24. Craft activities in the coursebook
are both enjoyable and helpful in
reinforcing the language point.
SUPPORTING SOURCES
25. Previous topics are regularly reviewed in
the
coursebook.
26. The vocabulary list in the
coursebook helped me to learn and
review the words I learnt.