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IN PAKISTAN 2001-2012
Pakistans military is one of the countrys most powerful institutions, and has played a strong role since its inception.
civilian regimes, been in power in Pakistan for half of the
% GDP
Billion $
7,000
4.5
4.0
6,000
3.5
5,000
3.0
4,000
2.5
3,000
2.0
1.5
2,000
always argued it is against national interest to publicly discuss the defence budget.
Before the war on terror, the threat from India was al-
1.0
1,000
0.5
2011
2012
2010
2011
2009
2010
2008
2009
2007
2008
2006
2007
2005
2006
2004
2005
0.0
2003
2004
0
2002
2003
2001
2002
about 18 percent for the first half of the decade, but then
nomic boom wearing off, with the latter being the lowest
TABLE I. EXPENDITURE
ON DIFFERENT HEADS
AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL
Year/Head of
Expenditure1
Current
Development
Defence
Debt
Servicing
2001-02
84.7
15.3
18.1
2002-03
88.1
14.4
17.8
2003-04
81.1
16.8
2004-05
77.4
2005-06
2006-07
Million Rs.
52.5
2001-02
149,254
2,377
126,250
2,010
31.6
2002-03
159,700
2,666
129,200
2,157
19.3
36.6
2003-04
184,904
3,216
161,000
2,800
20.4
19
26.2
2004-05
211,717
3,682
227,718
3,960
73.8
26
17.2
24.4
2005-06
241,063
4,045
365,100
6,126
76.4
24.1
13.9
25.4
2006-07
249,858
4,144
433,658
7,192
2007-08
81.4
19.9
12.2
25.4
2007-08
277,300
4,591
451,896
7,482
2008-09
80.7
19
20.5
34.8
2008-09
329,902
4,627
480,282
6,736
2009-10
78.6
21.1
17.2
27.1
2009-10
378,135
4,556
444,344
5,354
2010-11
88
12
16.6
31.9
2010-11
444,640
5,200
321,244
3,757
2011-12
84.1
15.9
17.5
36.5
2011-2012**
495,215
5,732
451,957
5,230
Million Rs.
Million
US $
Year
Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2009/10. Table 4.4 for the years
2001/02 to 2008/09. Figures for last two years from Annual Budget
Statement of the Federal Budget 2011/2012
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513 billion, and projected that this allocation was Rs. 593
ble 3a). Although the IMF did not explain where its esti-
statistical anomaly.
Rs.125 billion ($ 1.44 billion) for the Air Force and 10% or
70,000 personnel forms the second largest group, structured in 3 regional commands: Northern (Peshawar), Cen-
Expenditure/Budget year
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
(Estimates)
138,389
176,726
206,488
97,398
111,327
128,283
110,126
117,557
117,591
Civil Works
32,088
38,890
42,638
Less Recoveries
(1,154)
(1,254)
(1,255)
1,289
1,395
1,470
378,135
444,640
495,125
Operating Expenses
Physical Assets
Defence Administration
TOTAL
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Mission
Total troops
3,754
UNMIL (Liberia)
2,979
1,547
UNAMID (Sudan-Darfur)
812
MINUSTAH (Hait)
294
UNMIT (Timor-Leste)
128
11
UNMIK (Kosovo)
9,527
TOTAL TROOPS
Source: www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/
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The three main services are the Army, Navy and the Air
Website).3
Year
Frequency of Attacks
Killed
2008
2,577
7,997
9,678
2009
3,816
12,632
12,815
2010
3,393
10,003
10,283
2011
2,985
7,107
6,736
Injured
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troops and radical Islamist clerics and students at Islamabads Red Mosque. The army returned to Waziristan and
2011
Province/Area
Frequency
Killed
KP
512
820
Balochistan
640
710
853
FATA
675
612
1,190
Punjab
30
116
378
Karachi
58
115
224
21
32
Gilgit Baltistan
26
24
Kashmir
Islamabad
1,966
2,391
4,389
TOTAL
Injured
1,684
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2009 Nizam-e-Adl Regulation Order,6 In spite of the concession, a continued threat by TNSM is felt in the Malakand
Attacks/Clashes
Terrorist attacks
was not held for long. By June the military announced that
their operations had been successful in driving out the militants from Swat. The operations in Swat, Dir and Buner
contributed to a grave refugee crisis, displacing nearly 2
Punjab
Punjab-based jihadist groups have operated since the
1980s, yet are increasingly operating in tandem with tribal
groups and distinctions are often blurred. The most notori-
Frequency
Killed
Injured
1,966
2,391
4,389
301
1,668
642
144
1,046
384
75
557
153
Drone attacks
Border clashes/attacks
Political and ethnic violence
Inter-tribal clashes
TOTAL
84
261
206
265
698
532
150
486
430
2,985
7,107
6,736
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Zias government.
gained strength after 2006. Much of the violence in Balochistan stems from tribal animosity, especially between the
Balochistan
After the death of Akbar Khan Bugti, the leader of the Bugti
Current trends
province saw another major crisis soon after, with the abduction
nationalists and political parties insist that the killings were car-
over the past decade have prevented the two countries from
e-Taiba had infiltrated the Delhi Red Fort and only two days
and Al-hadith groups, was the most violent, with 454 deaths
ten gunmen, who had come from Pakistan, held Mumbai hos-
mitted the attacks had been carried out by LeT. In the after-
2011 saw a deterioration in drone and suicide attacks, contribution to a period of comparative peace. With violence decreasing 24% in the last two years (PIPS security report 2011),
Pakistan is still considered one of the most volatile regions in the
world. 2011 saw Karachi remain a battlefield for ethno-political
and sectarian violence, with growing influence of militants. A
surge in revenge attacks was expected after the death of Osama
bin Laden by US security forces, yet due to increased surveillance and arrests of key militants, it was limited. With US claims
of covert Pakistani intelligence support for bin Laden, Pakistan
has claimed the operation breached of its sovereignty, leading
to a severe deterioration of relations between the two countries.
Although there have been significant improvements in the security situation in Punjab, Kashmir and Islamabad, the situation
remains critical in Karachi, KP, Balochistan and FATA.
Notes
1.
http://tribune.com.pk/story/182147/budget-2010-
2011-defence-spending-up-by-12/
2.
http://www.security-risks.com/security-trends-south-asia/
pakistan/pakistan-defence-budget-2011-2012-1350.html
3. http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/
4. Former leader of Tehreek-e-Taliban, an umbrella organisation claiming to represent 40 Pakistani Taliban groups
from all seven agencies and several NWFP districts
5. Swat, Chitral, Dir, Buner and Shangla and Kohistan district
6. Ratified by the Pakistani parliament in April 2009, and
was signed into a law
7. A movement in Sunni Islam under the Hannafi school
8.
http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/paki-
stan-urged-investigate-murder-and-torture-baloch-activists-
2010-10-26
Bibliographical References:
ECONOMIC ADVISORS WING (EAW), Ministry of Finance,
Government of Pakistan. 2010. Pakistan Economic Survey
2009/10. June.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF). 2010. Country
Report 10/158. June.
NORRIS, Robert S.; KRISTENSEN, Hans M. 2010, Global
Nuclear Weapons Inventories, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists,
July/August 2010.
THE MILITARY BALANCE 2012. The International Institute
For Strategic Studies, London 2012 / http://www.defence.pk