Aircraft design project-II

Ex No: 2

GUST AND MANEUVERABILITY ENVELOPE

Date:

AIM:
To calculate the gust loads and to plot the maneuverability envelope.

MANEUVERABILITY ENVELOPE:

( DL ) ( WT )

nmax =

max

nmax =
Now, to plot the curve, we find,
Positive load factor:

n=

1
V 2C Lmax
2
W
S

+n = _____________ V2
Negative load factor:
C L,max
W
2
S
n=[
] V
1

2
2
- n = __________ V

Using this equation, we plot a V-n diagram for various speeds.

Cruise velocity (Vc).

Vc =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
T
W

W
S

W
T 2

4 k C D 0
S
W
C D 0

Vc = ________________
1

max

Aircraft design project-II

Corner Velocity,
V =

2nmaxW
C LS

V = _____________

Dive velocity,
VD = 1.25 * Vc
= ___________
{Note:

S.No

Velocity (m/s) (Based on requirement)

Positive n

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10

Negative n

Aircraft design project-II

Therefore,
At V*

+n = _________
-n = __________

At Vstall

+n = __________
-n = ___________

Draw the MANEUVER DIAGRAM:

Aircraft design project-II

GUST ENVELOPE
When an upward gust with velocity Vg, with under the nose of aircraft with velocity v, the
instantaneous change in angle of attack is
1 V g
= tan ( V ) =

Vg
V

(approx)

It causes a change in lift coefficient

CL = C L
Hence change in lift,
L = q * S * CL
Consecutively, a change in load factor
n = L/W
Gust induced load factor is a function of gust speed.

Kg=

n+ve = 1 +

K gVasV a
498 W

n-ve = 1 -

K gVasV a
498 W

0.88 g
=gust alleviation ! for subsonic aircraft
5.3+ g
4

Aircraft design project-II

1.03

Kg=

And

2
g=

g
=gust alleviation factor for supersonic aircraft
1.03
6.9+ g

( ws ) =mass parameter

g c a

Where, a = lift curve slope

c =mean aerodynamic chord

g =
K g = __________
The positive and negative gust load factor in terms of various gust velocities and free stream velocities,

n+ve =1+ V a V

nve =1 V a V

As per FAA,
V , gust velocity=9.1

V =4.6

m
uptocruising speed
s

m
uptodesign diving speed speed
s
And,

V a=cruise speeddive speed accordingly .

5

Aircraft design project-II

Thus,
+ve ,Cruise=
n
+ve , dive=
n

ve , Cruise=
n
ve , dive=
n

Draw the gust envelope:

Aircraft design project-II

Combination of Maneuver and gust envelop:

RESULT:
Thus the maneuverability envelope, gust lines and the intersection of both are plotted.