Recognizing

Different
Kinds of Text
According to UN SMA
2015/2016

Margareth Ayu Caroline

XII MIPA 6 / 27

ANNOUNCEMENT TEXT
WHAT
A text of an official notification about something. So publicly people know
what, when, and where it is about.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

To give certain people some information of what has happened or what will
happen

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Purpose

: The text that contains what event will be held

2. Day, Date, Time : Day and Date realization. The text that contains
when the event will be held
3. Place

: The text that contains where the event will be held

4. Informing Sender : The text that contains name of the person who will
be contacted

EXAMPLES
Example 1

EXAMPLES
Example 2

LETTER
WHAT
A letter is a written message from one party to another containing
information.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

1. Personal
: A letter that is written for a person whos known. It tends
to be informal
2. Business
: A letter that is written for a company or organization. It
tends to be formal

GENERIC STRUCTURE

1. Date
: It is the month, day and year that the letter is written on.
2. Greeting : Sometimes we call it salutation. It is the introductory phrase.
3. Body
: All kinds of letter formal or informal have the letter body. This is
the complete text of the letter or the subject matter content.
4. Closing : It is the farewell phrase. That is a word that precedes the signature
and is followed by a comma.
5. Signature: This the place where you write your name and signature.

EXAMPLES

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Salutation
know.
2. Opening

: What is it? It is to address a person whose name you do not

: It some phrases and short sentence to open your letter
We are writing to inquire about
We have received your letter of.
Thank you for your letter of.

3. Body
: This is the main content of your letter. When you are writing a
business letter, the accuracy of the main content is absolutely very important. Your
content should be neither too long nor too short.
4. The closing : It is the way how you can end your business letter.
Looking forward to hearing from you
Please feel free to contact me if you have any further questions
5. Complimentary close: In the end you should write the correct complimentary
word.

EXAMPLES

BIOGRAPHY
WHAT
An account of someone's life written by someone else

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

To explain a detailed description or account of a person's life

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Opening: Background information as to why this person is important
and should have a biography written about them. The opening paragraph
should briefly answer the questions: who, what, where, when and how.
2. Body : The recount then unfolds in paragraphs that retell a series of
events, usually told in chronological order.
3. Closing : The final paragraph is a conclusion with a comment on the
contribution this person has made or a summary and evaluation of the
person's achievements.

LANGUAGE FEATURES
1. Use of names of specific people.
2. Mainly written in simple past tense (the final paragraph could also
include the present tense).
3. Use of connectives to do with time (last year, then, at the same time,
next, on Tuesday 24 May, later, before, meanwhile).
4. Use of action verbs (painted, wrote, invented, discovered).

EXAMPLES

NEWS ITEM
WHAT
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The
events are considered newsworthy or important.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

To inform events that are considered important

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Newsworthy
questions

: Summarize the whole events, answers the 5W+1H

2. Sequence of Events: Elaborate the events in chronological order

3. Source
events

EXAMPLES

: Comments from people who are involved in the

REPORT TEXT
WHAT
A report text is a type of text that announce the result of an
investigation or announce something. The information given in a
report text is very general information.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

Social function of report text is to present information about
something generally to the reader.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. General Classification : Classify the object in general,
usually mentions the habitat and the biological classification,
etc.
2. Description
: Describe the specific object by
mentioning more detail information, such as physical
appearance, behavior, etc.

EXAMPLES

RECOUNT TEXT
WHAT
A text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Orientation : Tells who was involved, what happened, where the
events took place, and when it happened.
2. Events

: Tells what happened and in what sequence.

3. Reorientation: Consists of optional-closure of events or ending

EXAMPLES

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
WHAT
Analytical exposition text is a text that elaborates the writers
idea about the phenomenon

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

1. To persuade the reader or listener that there is something that,
certainly, needs to get attention
2. To analyze a topic and to persuade the reader that this opinion
is correct and supported by arguments

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Thesis
: Introduces the topic and shows speaker or
writers position; Outlines of the arguments to be presented.
2. Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration Point,
states the main argument. Elaboration: develops and supports
each point of argument
3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or
LANGUAGE
writers position FEATURES
1. Focus on generic human and non-human participants.
2. Use mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker
thinks or feels about something, for example: realize, feel, etc.
3. Need material processes. It is used to state what happens,
for example: has polluted, etc.
4. Use of simple present tense.
5. Use of relational processes.
6. Use of internal conjunction to state argument.
7. Reasoning through casual conjunction or nominalization.

EXAMPLES

DISCUSSION TEXT
WHAT
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse.
Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and
social text.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

To discuss a problem from different viewpoints.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Statement of issue
discussed

: Stating the issue which is to be

2. List of supporting points: Presenting the point in in

supporting the presented issue
3. List of contrastive point : Presenting other points which
disagree to the supporting point
4. Recommendation
: Stating the writer
recommendation of the discourse

LANGUAGE FEATURES
1. Introducing category or generic participant
2. Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
3. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly,
on the hand, however, etc
4. Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
5. Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

EXAMPLE

NARRATIVE TEXT
WHAT
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events
and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An
important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of
methods used to communicate the narrative through a process
narration.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

To amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Orientation
story

: The participants and the settings of the

2. Complication
: Tells the beginning of the problems
which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main participants.
3. Re-Orientation
: The problem (the crisis) is resolved,
either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE

PROCEDURE TEXT
WHAT
Procedure is a text that show a process in order.

PURPOSE, FUNCTION, GOAL

To describe how something is completely done through a
sequence of series

GENERIC STRUCTURE
1. Goal

: Showing the purpose

2. Material

: Telling the needed materials

3. Step 1-end

: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

LANGUAGE FEATURES
1. Using temporal conjunction
2. Using action verb
3. Using imperative sentence
4. Using Simple Present Tense

EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://englishadmin.com/2015/08/generic-structure-and-example-of-announcement-inenglish.html
http://englishadmin.com/2015/08/generic-structure-and-example-of-personal-letter.html
http://englishadmin.com/2015/08/generic-structure-and-example-of-business-letter.html
http://cps7famouspeople.pbworks.com/w/page/6848394/Biography%20language%20features%
20and%20text%20structure
http://www.englishindo.com/2012/03/news-item-text-penjelasan-contoh.html
http://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/report-text-pengertian-tujuan-generic-structure-dancontoh-terlengkap/
http://www.englishindo.com/2014/03/recount-text-full-materi-contoh.html
https://nurinuryani.wordpress.com/kumpulan-tugas/analytical-exposition-2/
https://pakpuguh.wordpress.com/2011/08/23/discussion-text/
http://duoulala.blogspot.co.id/2013/07/narrative-text-definition-purposes.html
http://defisukmayunismada.blogspot.co.id/2012/11/procedure-text.html