Pluralism – refers to the state of having more than one of anything.

In other words it suggests

the coexistence of many things, such as nations, groups, opinions, principles, beliefs and ways of
life.
The core of the principle of pluralism is the idea of “respect for diversity”. Hence, any talk of
pluralism such as pluralistic society necessary involves a diversity of different ideas or people
that must be respected or at least recognized.

PRINCIPLES OF PLURALISM
1. Society
2. Ethics
3. Education
4. Politics
5. Ethnic Relations
6. Legal Reform

For example: If one invokes a pluralist society in which each individual or group can pursue its
own values and interests, then that person is more or less demanding than each person or group
must be valued, recognized, and included as an equal member of society, regardless of gender,
religious, ethnic, or socio-cultural differences. On the other hand, the social inclusion of
individuals or groups does not happen by itself. It should be the result of continued and
deliberate choices and actions by: a) Individuals, b) civil society and c) the government.

Pluralist System exists only when a society actively reorients its social, economic, political and
educational system to secure and recognize the equality of every person as a citizen.

In the field of ethics:

Moral Pluralism – is the idea that there are varying ethical principles and theories and that they
conflict with each other, yet each of them is worthy of respect.

A Moral Pluralist tends to be open-minded when faced with competing ethical views and moral
principles. The moral pluralist also believes that moral issues are extremely complicated and that
no single philosophical approach will always provide the answers. In this case, a moral pluralist
will always analyze the issues from several moral principles or theories before making decisions
and taking actions.

Pluralism is even more needed in religion. Religious Differences are some of the major sources
of conflict in history, and even today. For example, the age-old conflict between Palestine and
Israel, and Christianity and Islam.

Pluralism in Religion – refers to the state of being where people in a religiously diverse society
have the right and freedom to worship, believe, practice and join in community with others
according to their own conscience. People should also have the right to abstain from these
activities such as the atheist and agnostics. However, Religious Pluralism refers to the belief in
2 or more religious worldviews as being equally valid or acceptable but more than mere
tolerance or a simple fact of religious diversity in society were individuals can freely pursue their
religious beliefs and practices. Religious Pluralism involves the acceptance and respect for the
beliefs and practices of other members of the society.

Pluralism in Politics – is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body,
which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and
lifestyles. Most political theorists assume that respecting diverse political views is beneficial to
the society as it promotes equality and social justice.