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NAMES
VOL. 38
No. 1
2003 REPRINT OF
ISSN: 0022-877X
Published by EMPORIA STATE UNIVERSITY
Prepared and Issued by THE DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Ediror: JOHN RICHARD SCHROCK
Edirorial Committee: DAVID EDDS,TOM EDDY, GAYLEN NEUFELD
Editors Emeritus: ROBERT BOLES, JOHN BREUKELMAN, ROBERT F. CLARKE
Typist: NANCY GULICK
Circulation and Mailing: ROGER FERGUSON
Circulation (this issue): 5200
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EDITORIAL NOTE: Responding to the Fact that introducroty biology textbooks intorduce more new terms than
do first-year language classes, some misguided educators are promoting a drastic reduction in what they call
"unnecessary jargon." In this issue, Dr. Rowe elaborates the rich origins and complex meanings that are lost when
inaccurate common names are substituted. This language is nOt just for physicians, but for citizens who will be
patients, who will sit on juries judging medical practices, who will vote on health-related laws, and who individually
moniror their own health and collectively determine our health insurance rates. The precise use of words is not just a
symptom of an educated person, it is part and parcel of operating as a healthy, educated person. Dr. Rowe's
enjoyable essay weaves this terminology into everyday life.
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Dr. Edward Rowe was a professor of Biology at Emporia State University
and taught human anatomy and physiology as well as biomedical
terminology, an elective course stUdying Latin and Greek root words.
COVER: Vesalius illustrated skeletons in poses ro best portray their features . This
fromal view is a classic recognized by medical and anatomy students. The shovel
handle does not align with the blade and is a stage prop.
BONE NAMES
by
Edward Rowe
Dr. Edward Rowe is Professor oC Biology at Emporia State University and hIlS taught humnn anatomy and
pbysiology since 1961. Dr. Rowe also coteaches a biomedical terminology course with Dr. Robbins; tbis
elective course studying Latin and Greek: root words continues to sustain a high enrollmenL
ANDREAE
B R V X ELL ENS
VESALII
r
S,
S C H 0 LAG
Libri fcprcm
5
doing the dissection himself, and the now
deposed dissectors have nothing to do
but quarrel among themselves. One of
the figures in classical robes probably
represents Galen looking on approvingly.
The skeleton may represent one of
Vesalius' preoccupations, the importance
of the skeleton as the framework on
which all the other organs are hung. The
naked figure probably represents another
of his preoccupations, the importance of
being able to look at surface anatomy
and deduce the state of internal
structures. (Current anatomy teachers
often make the same point by telling
future doctors and nurses that they need
to develop a kind of x-ray vision.) The
animals in the picture represent the fact
that most dissection of the time was on
animals, and even Vesalius was permitted
only to dissect a few humans, all of them
executed criminals. The figure at top
right may represent the printer, whose
high level of skill was as essential to the
success of the Fabrica as Vesalius'
anatomical skills or the engraver's artistic
skills.
The work of Vesalius and his
followers started anatomy on a long line
of useful discoveries which continues to
the present. Communication of the rich
details of internal anatomy required the
invention of many new words. It was
natural that Vesalius and the other early
European anatomists would make use of
Latin and Greek words as they began to
describe their discoveries. The
universities in which they worked
typically drew faculty and students from
allover Europe. These scholars spoke
such a variety of different languages and
dialects that they couldn't understand
each other in their native languages, but
because of church traditions they shared
Figure 1. (len) Title page [rom De Human; Corporis
Fabrica by Vesalius, 1543.
MCTACARPUS
Ext. poUici.
PHALANGES
iongu.o -"I(f'o:'1liii'-:{
prorimal
Ext. indici,
10
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
11
ht clrvical
lH Arilu
12
fronral bone
crista galli
---f~
~:....-~~~----i~Wi~=,,':o---+--!"~'r--
sphenoid
sella turcica
fo ramen magnum
occipital bone
-------'"+7
Figure 7. View of the inner surface of the base of the skull. Near the top is the sievelike ethmoid bone. Near
the bottom is the opening called the foramen magnum where the spinal cord enters the skull. After
McMurrich.
13
14
parietal
sphenoid
frontal
.',':.,.."
.,',
temporal
,..-&.....1--
nasal
middle
~~fI~""'r-nasal concha
inferior
nasal concha
zygomatic
15
ethmoid
mastoid process
styloid process
mandible
''' '.
f,
Further References: