Algebra - Riješeni Zadaci Iz Matematike, Oblast Algebra. Ukupno Je Riješeno 288 Zadataka PDF

POTENCIJE
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak
Rjeenja svih zadataka s kompletnim postupkom i uputama

1.
a a = a 2 , a a a = a 3 , a a a ... a = a n

Koristimo pravila:
n puta
Uputa: Prebrojite koliko se puta ponavlja isti faktor i taj broj stavite u eksponent:
1)
2 2 2 2 2 = 25

itamo: dva na petu
2 se ponavlja pet
puta pa u eksponent
piemo 5
1) 2 2 2 2 2 = 25
2) x x x = x 3
3) x y x y x z x y x x z = x x x x x x y y y z z = x 6 y 3 z 2 = x 6 y 3 z 2
grupiramo iste faktore...
4)
5)
( xy ) ( xy ) ( xy ) = ( xy )
4
( x + y )( x + y )( x + y )( x + y ) = ( x + y )
3
x x x x x
6) =
y y y y y
7) ( x y ) ( x + y ) ( x y ) ( x y ) ( x + y ) =
= ( x y )( x y )( x y )( x + y )( x + y ) = ( x y ) ( x + y )
3
a b a b a b a b
8)

=
c c c c
2.
a 2 = a a , a 3 = a a a , a n = a a a ... a

Koristimo pravila:
n puta
1) 52 = 5 5 = 25
2) 23 = 2 2 2 = 8
6)
( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) = 1
3
( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
4
( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
7)
( 2)
4)
5)
3) 34 = 3 3 3 3 = 81
na parni eksponent
=1
( 1)
Zakljuak:
na neparni eksponent
= 1
( 1)
= ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) = 8

Imamo neparan broj "minusa" pa e i umnoak biti negativno tj. imati e predznak minus
8)
(x)
= ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) = x4

Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa

je produkt pozitivan broj
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
2.
Koristimo pravila:
a 2 = a a , a 3 = a a a , a n = a a a ... a

n puta
1 1 1
1
9) = =
3 3 9
3
3
3 3 3
27
3
10) = =
5 5 5 125
5
5
2 2 2 2 2
32
2
11) = =
3 3 3 3 3 243
3
2
2
2 2 22 4
=
12) = =
3
3 3 3 3 9
3
222
8
2
2 2 2
=
13) = =
333
27
3
3 3 3
4
3 3 3 3
81
3
14) = =
4 4 4 4 256
4
2
4 4 16
4
4 4
=
15) = = +
5 5 25
5
5 5
3
444
64
4
4 4 4
=
16) = =
555
125
5
5 5 5
4
4 4 4 4 256
4
4 4 4 4
=
17) = = +
5 5 5 5 625
5
5 5 5 5
18) 0, 22 = 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04
19)
( 0, 2 )
= ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) = + 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04
20) 0, 23 = 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04 0, 2 = 0, 008
21)
( 0, 2 )
22)
( 2,5)
= ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) = ( 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 ) = 0, 008
= ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = + ( 2,5 2,5 ) = 6, 25
8
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
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POTENCIJE
2.
Koristimo pravila:
a 2 = a a , a 3 = a a a , a n = a a a ... a

n puta
23)
( 2,5 )
24 )
( 2,5)
25)
( 1)
= ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = ( 2,5 2,5 2,5 ) = 15, 625
= ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = + ( 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 ) = 39, 0625
+ ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) = + 1 ( 1) ( + 1) ( 1) = + 1 = 1

Prebrojimo min use -ima

ih paran broj pa e umnoak
biti pozitivan broj
26)
( 1)
27)
( 2) + ( 2)
20
+ ( 1) + ( 1)
30
45
= + 1 ( + 1) ( 1) = 1
+ ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) = 2 + 4 8 + 16 = 4 + 16 2 8 = 10
3
28) 25 32 = 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 = 32 9 = 23
29) 34 25 = 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 = 81 32 = 49
30)
( 2)
+ ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 8 32 = 40
5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
1
1 1
=
=
31) + = + =
4 4 2 2 2 16 8
16
16
4 2
2
2
3
32) ( 0, 2 ) + ( 0, 2 ) = ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) + ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) =
= ( 0, 04 0, 008) = 0, 0322 = 0, 001024

2
3.
Koristimo pravila:
c a + d a = (c + d ) a
c an + d an = (c + d ) an
c a d a = (c d ) a
c an d an = (c d ) an
5 x
ili je potpuno isti izraz...

5 x
1) 2 x + 3 x = ( 2 + 3) x = 5 x = 5 x
2) x + 2 x + 4 x = (1 + 2 + 4 ) x = 7 x
ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurn iji nain:
x + 2 x + 4 x = 1x + 2 x + 4 x = (1 + 2 + 4 ) x = 7 x
Dakle: x = 1x
Praksa je pokazala da velika veina aka radi istu greku: uzimate da je: x = 0 x to nije tono!!
dakle vi kada raunate u glavi greite na ovaj nain:
x + 2 x + 4 x = 6 x ili x + 2 x + 4 x = ( 0 + 2 + 4 ) x = 6 x to nije tono!!!

Jednom zauvjek treba zapamtiti x = 1x pa to u zadatku treba izgledati ovako:
x + 2 x + 4 x = 1x + 2 x + 4 x = (1 + 2 + 4 ) x = 7 x
3) 7 a 2a = ( 7 2 ) a = 5 a = 5a
4) 9 y 2 y + 3 y y = ( 9 2 + 3 1) y = 9 y = 9 y
ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
9 y 2 y + 3 y y = 9 y 2 y + 3 y 1 y = ( 9 2 + 3 1) y = 9 y
5) 2 x + 3a x + 5a + 7 x 2a =
= 2 x x + 7 x + 3a + 5a 2a = ( 2 1 + 7 ) x + ( 3 + 5 2 ) a = 8 x + 6 a = 8 x + 6a
6) 2 xy + 3 xy + xy = ( 2 + 3 + 1) xy = 6 xy
7) 2ab 4ab + ab = ( 2 4 + 1) ab = 1 ab = ab
8) 4 xy 2 + 2 xy 2 9 xy 2 = ( 4 + 2 9 ) xy 2 = 3 xy 2 = 3 xy 2
9) y + 3x 2 y 4 z 5 x 2 y 2 y + 8 z 3 y + 8 x 2 y =
= y 2 y 3 y + 8z 4 z + 3x 2 y 5 x2 y + 8 x2 y =
= (1 2 3) y + ( 8 4 ) z + ( 3 5 + 8 ) x 2 y =
Ovo je potpuno isti izraz
= 4 y + 4 z + 6 x2 y =
= 4 y + 4z + 6x2 y
10

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
3.
c a + d a = (c + d ) a
c an + d an = (c + d ) an
Koristimo pravila:
c a d a = (c d ) a
c an d an = ( c d ) an
10) 7 xy 3 2 xy 3 + 4 xy 3 = ( 7 2 + 4 ) xy 3 = 9 xy 3 = 9 xy 3
) (
11) 2 x 2 y 3 x 2 + y = ( 2 3) x 2 + y = 1 x 2 + y = x 2 y
12) 3 ( x + y ) + 4 ( x + y ) ( x + y ) = ( 3 + 4 1) ( x + y ) = 6 ( x + y )
ili taj isti zad atak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
3 ( x + y ) + 4 ( x + y ) ( x + y ) = 3 ( x + y ) + 4 ( x + y ) 1( x + y ) =
= ( 3 + 4 1) ( x + y ) =
= 6( x + y)
13) 5 x 2 y 3 + 2 z 2 x 2 y 3 + 7 z + 3 x 2 y 3 3 z =
= 5 x 2 y 3 2 x 2 y 3 + 3x 2 y 3 + 2 z + 7 z =
= ( 5 2 + 3) x 2 y 3 + ( 2 + 7 ) z =
= 6 x2 y3 + 9 z =
= 6 x2 y3 + 9 z
) (
)
= ( 3 4 ) ( x 3x + 5) =
= 1 ( x 3 x + 5 ) =
14) 3 x 2 3 x + 5 4 x 2 5 x + 1 =
2
= x 2 + 3x 5
15) 3 ( x + y 1) 6 ( x + y 1) + ( x + y 1) = ( 3 6 + 1) ( x + y 1) = 2 ( x + y 1)
ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
3 ( x + y 1) 6 ( x + y 1) + ( x + y 1) = 3 ( x + y 1) 6 ( x + y 1) + 1( x + y 1) =
= ( 3 6 + 1) ( x + y 1) =
= 2 ( x + y 1)
11
4.
a a = a
n
Koristimo pravila:
n+m
a :a = a
n
an
= a n : a m = a nm
m
a
nm
1) 25 23 = 25+3 = 28
2) 52 57 = 52+ 7 = 59
3) 3x 32 x = 3x + 2 x = 33 x
4) 7 2 m 5 7 m 2 = 7 2 m 5+ m 2 = 7 2 m + m 5 2 = 73m 7
5) 22 26 24 28 = 22+6+ 4+8 = 220
6) 3 a 4 2 a 7 = 3 2 a 4 a 7 = 6 a 4+ 7 = 6a11
7) x 2 x 3 = x 2+3 = x 5
8) x x3 x 5 = x1 x 3 x 5 = x1+3+5 = x9
Pazi x = x
9) x 2 x 4 x 6 = x 2+ 4+ 6 = x12
2
3
5
2
10) x x x = x
2
2
5
+ 2+
3
2
=x
2 2+ 2 6+5 3
6
=x
4 +12 +15
6
=x
31
6
11) x 2 x 2+ a x a 2 x 3 = x 2+ 2+ a + a 2+3 = x a + a + 2+ 2 2+ 3 = x 2 a + 5
12) a 3 a 6 = a 3+6 = a 9
13) a 4 a 2 a = a 4 a 2 a1 = a 4+ 2+1 = a 7
Pazi a = a
Dosta esto radite ovakve greke:
a 4 a 2 a = a 4+ 2 = a 6
1
to nije tono jer je: a = a
4
2
4 + 2+ 0
6
a a a = a
= a
14) a 2 a 5 a 7 a 3 = a 2+5+ 7 +3 = a17
15) a 3 x a x + 2 a 2 x = a 3 x + x + 2+ 2 x = a 6 x + 2
16) a x + y a 2 x a x +3 y = a x + y + 2 x + x +3 y = a x + 2 x + x + y +3 y = a 4 x + 4 y
17) 2 x 6 x3 3 x 4 = 2 6 3 x1 x3 x 4 = 36 x1+3+ 4 = 36 x8
12

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POTENCIJE
4.
a a = a
n
Koristimo pravila:
n+ m
a :a = a
n
an
= a n : a m = a nm
m
a
nm
18) 2 x 2 x5 + 3 x 2 y 3 x y 4 x x 6 + 2 x3 y 2 y 2 =
= 2 x 2+5 + 3 x 2 x1 y 3 y1 4 x1 x 6 + 2 x3 y 2+ 2 =
= 2 x 7 + 3 x 2+1 y 3+1 4 x1+ 6 + 2 x 3 y 4 =
= 2 x 7 4 x 7 + 3 x3 y 4 + 2 x3 y 4 =
= ( 2 4 ) x 7 + ( 3 + 2 ) x3 y 4 =
= 2 x 7 + 5 x3 y 4 =
= 2 x 7 + 5 x3 y 4
1
19)
2
1

2
1
1
=
2
2
2 + 3+ 4
To je potpuno isti izraz... uobiajeni zapis je ovaj zadnji...
1
=
2
20) x 2 m +1 x3m + 2 = x 2 m +1+ 3m + 2 = x 2 m +3m +1+ 2 = x 5 m +3

21) x 2 m 4 x 3m + 2 = x 2 m 4+3m + 2 = x 2 m +3m + 2 4 = x 5 m 2
22) x
3
m +1
2
2 m 7
=x
3
m +1+ 2 m 7
2
=x
3
m + 2 m +1+8
2
=x
3
+ 2 m+9
2
=x
3+ 2 2
m+9
2
= x2
m+9
23) x m + n x 2 m n x3m + 2 n = x m + n + 2 m n +3m+ 2 n = x m+ 2 m+3m+ n n + 2 n = x 6 m+ 2 n

24) x 2 m n x3m n x 2 m 2 n = x 2 m n +3m n + 2 m 2 n = x 2 m+ 3m + 2 m n n 2 n = x 7 m 4 n
25) a 2 m +3n a 3m 5n = a 2 m + 3n + 3m 5n = a 2 m + 3m + 3n 5n = a 5 m 2 n
26) 2a m 3n +1 3a 4 m + n 7 = 2 3 a m 3n +1+ 4 m+ n 7 = 6 a m+ 4 m+ n3n +1 7 = 6 a 5 m 2 n 6 = 6 a 5 m 2 n 6
27) 2a x + y 5a 2 x + y = 2 5 a x + y + 2 x + y = 10 a x + 2 x + y + y = 10 a 3 x + 2 y
28)
2 3m + 2 n 9 2 m 4 n 2 9 3m + 2 n 2 m 4 n 2 3 3 3m + 2 n + 2 m 4 n 3 3m + 2 m + 2 n 4 n 3 5 m 2 n
a
a
= a
a
=
a
= a
= a
3
4
3 4
3 22
2
2
29)
( x y ) ( x y ) = ( x y ) ( x y )
30)
( x + y) ( x + y)
= ( x + y)
3+ 4
= (x y)
= ( x + y)
13
2 +1
= ( x y)
4.
a n a m = a n+m
Koristimo pravila:
31)
( x + y 1)
m +1
( x + y 1)
2 m+ 2
an
= a n : a m = a nm
m
a
a n : a m = a nm
( x + y 1)
3m 4
= ( x + y 1)
= ( x + y 1)
32)
(x
33)
( x + y ) ( x y ) ( x + y )
2m
)(
) (
) (
1
y n xm + y 2n = xm + y 2n xm + y 2n
2
ab 2
34)
3 x2 y
ab 2
4 x y
2 m 1
( x y )
ab 2
x y
m 3
) = (x
1
m +1+ 2 m + 2 + 3 m 4
m + 2 m + 3 m +1+ 2 4
+ y 2n
= ( x + y ) ( x + y )
2
1+1
2 m 1
= ( x + y 1)
= xm + y 2n
3
2 + 2 m 1
( x y )
3+ m 3
= ( x + y)
2 m + 2 1
( x y )
m + 3 3
= ( x + y)
2 m +1
ab 2
3 y 2 x
ab 2
=
6 m 1
( x y ) ( x y )
= ( x + y)
( x y )
m 3
3 x2 y + 4 x y + x y +3 y 2 x
ab 2
=
3 x + 4 x + x 2 x 2 y y y +3 y
ab 2
=
6 x y
1
1
1
35) 9 x 4 y 2 x 2 y = 9 x 4 x 2 y 2 y1 = 3 3 x 4+ 2 y 2+1 = 3 x 6 y 3 = 3 x 6 y 3
3
3
3
36) 25 x 6 y 4
yx 5
1
= 5 5 x 6 y 4 y x5 = 5 x 6+5 y 4+1 = 5 x11 y 5
5
5
37) 2 x 2 y 3 z 4 3 x 3 y 4 z 2 = 2 ( 3) x 2 x 3 y 3 y 4 z 4 z 2 = 6 x 2+3 y 3+ 4 z 4+ 2 = 6 x 5 y 7 z 6
38) x 2 x 4 x 3 3 x 2 + 2 x 7 = x 2 x 4 x 2 x3 + x 2 3 x 2 + x 2 2 x + x 2 ( 7 ) =
= x 2+ 4 x 2+3 3 x 2+ 2 + 2 x 2+1 7 x 2 =
= x6 x5 3 x 4 + 2 x3 7 x 2
39)
( 2 xy ) x
2
1 3
xy + x3 y = 2 xy 2 x 2 y + 2 xy 2 xy 3 2 xy 2 x3 y =
2
1
= 2 x1 x 2 y 2 y1 + 2 x1 x1 y 2 y 3 2 x1 x 3 y 2 y1 =
2
1+ 2
2 +1
1+1
2+ 3
= 2 x y + x y 2 x1+ 3 y 2+1 =
= 2 x3 y 3 + x 2 y 5 2 x 4 y 3
14

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
4 . U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:

40) 29 : 25 = 295 = 24
a n : a m = a nm
= 24 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
41) 137 : 135 = 137 5 = 132 = 169

42) 35 x : 33 x = 35 x 3 x = 32 x
3m 2( m 2 )
43) 53m 2 : 5m 2 = 5
= 53m 2 m + 2 = 53m m + 2 2 = 52 m
Pazi: drugi eksponent se mora staviti u zagradu...vrlo esto radite ovakvu greku:
53m 2 : 5m 2 = 53m 2 m 2 = 53m m 2 2 = 52 m 4 to nije tono!
Ovdje je pogreka u predznaku kod zadnjeg lana, jer prvom promjenite predznak,
a drugom ne, to se dogaa zbog toga to radite napamet... tj. preskaete korake...
Preporuka: im imamo vielane eksponente koristite zagrade i ne preskaite korake...
44) x 4 : x 2 = x 4 2 = x 2
45) x 6 : x 2 = x 62 = x 4
46) x 7 : x 2 : x 3 = x 7 23 = x 2
47) x 7 x 3 : x 4 = x 7 +3 4 = x 6
48) x : x 2 = x1 : x 2 = x1 2 = x 1 =
1
49) x 2 : x 2 = x
7
9
1
3
50) x : x = x
2
5
1
2
=x
7 1
9 3
1
2
=x
51) x : x : x = x
2
4x
52) a : a
=a
2x
7 1 3
9
2
1
2
5
2
4 x2 x
53) a : a : a = a
8
2 2 1
2
=x
=x
=a
8 3 2
=x
4 1
2
7 3
9
1
x
=x
3
2
=x
2 2 2 10 1 5
10
4
9
=x
4 20 5
10
=x
21
10
2x
= a3
54) a : a 2 : a 3 = a1 : a 2 : a 3 = a1 23 = a 4
ili =
1
a4
55) a 7 : a 2 a 3 = a 7 2+3 = a8
U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:
56)
57)
x5
= x 5 : x 2 = x 5 2 = x 3
x2
x8
= x 8 : x 3 = x 83 = x 5
3
x
3
58)
1
x2
= x 2 : x1 = x 2 = x
x
7
59)
an
= a n : a m = a nm
am
x4
x
1
3
7
4
1
3
= x :x = x
7 1
4 3
3 2
2
=x
= x2
7 31 4
12
=x
21 4
12
=x
17
12
15
4.
U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:
an
= a n : a m = a nm
am
60)
x m +1
m +1 2 m + 2 )
= x m +1 : x 2 m + 2 = x (
= x m +1 2 m 2 = x m 2 m +1 2 = x m1
2 m+ 2
x
61)
x 3m + 7
3m + 7 ( 3m +5)
= x3m + 7 : x3m +5 = x
= x 3 m + 7 3 m 5 = x 3 m 3 m + 7 5 = x 2
3m +5
x
62)
x8 m + 7
8 m + 7 ( 3 m + 2 ) ( m 1)
: x m 1 = x8 m + 7 : x3m + 2 : x m 1 = x
= x8 m + 7 3m 2 m +1 = x8 m3m m + 7 2+1 = x 4 m + 6
3m + 2
x
63)
a 9 m +11 7 m +10
9 m +11( 2 m 3) ( 7 m +10 )
:a
= a 9 m +11 : a 2 m 3 : a 7 m +10 = a
= a 9 m +11 2 m +37 m10 =
2 m 3
a
= a 9 m 2 m 7 m +11+310 = a 4
64)
( x y) :( x y)
65)
(2x 3y )
a2b
66) 3
c
67)
2 x +3 y
= ( x y)
:( 2 x 3 y )
4
2 m4
( 2x + y )
4 m2
= ( x y)
= (2x 3y )
2 x +3 y
a2b
a2b
: 3 = 3
c
c
( 2x + y )
74
6 4
a2b
= 3
c
:( 2 x + y )
m4
2 x + 3 y ( 2 x + 3 y )
x2
a2b
3
c
3 x 3
a2b
: 3
c
4 x4
2 x + 3 y 2 x 3 y
= (2x 3y ) = 1
0
= (2x + y )
= ( 2x + y )
a2b
68) 3
c
= (2x 3y )
a2b
= 3
c
a2b
= 3
c
2 m 4 + 4 m 2 ( m 4 )
2 m+ 4 m m+ 4 42
x 2 + 3 x 3( 4 x 4 )
x + 3 x 4 x + 4 2 3
= (2x + y )
= ( 2x + y )
a2b
= 3
c
2 m + 4 m 4 2 m+ 4
5m2
x + 3 x 2 3 4 x + 4
a2b
c3
=
ili
3
2
c

a b

U ovom sluaju moete ostaviti i ljevo rjee nje...
jer jo nismo obradili pravilo:"na minus prvu"
69)
(x
)(
Mnoimo svaki lan prve zagrade sa svakim lanom druge zagrade...
1 x 4 + x 2 + 1 = x 2 x 4 + x 2 x 2 + x 2 1 1 x 4 1 x 2 11 =
= x 2+ 4 + x 2+ 2 + x 2 x 4 x 2 1 =
= x6 + x 4 + x 2 x4 x2 1 =
= x6 + x 4 x 4 + x 2 x2 1 =
= x6 1
70)
(x
)(
+ 1 x x 2 + 1 = x 2 x1 + x 2 x 2 + x 2 1 + 1 x + 1 x 2 + 11 =
= x 2+1 x 2+ 2 + x 2 + x x 2 + 1 =
= x3 x 4 + x 2 x 2 + x + 1 =
= x 4 + x3 + x + 1
16

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
5. Koristimo pravila: ( ab )n
( abc )
= a n bn
Poja vio nam se jedan problem a taj je :
( )
= a n bn c n
(x)
an
= anm
(( ) )
an
m z
= an m z
vidi zadatke: 7),13),14),15),16),17),18),19),23),24)...
P ogledajmo opet u 2. zada t a k kako smo t o tamo rjeili:
2 . 4) ( 1)2 = ( 1) ( 1) = 1
3
5) ( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
4
6) ( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
7)
( 2)
na parni eksponent
=1
( 1)
Zakljuak:
= 1
( 1)
= ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) = 8

Imamo neparan broj "minusa" pa e i umnoak bi ti negativno tj. imati e predznak minus
(x)
8)
= ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) = x4

Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa

je produkt pozitivan broj
Sada se ja vlja ovakav problem:
(x)
53
x ) ( x ) ... ( x )
(

= u eksponentu je 53 ,
53 puta bi to trebali na pisati

a to je previe pisanja
pa emo rae gledati eksponent
53 je nepar an broj pa je: ( x )
53
= x 53
dal je logiki je pitanje koliko je ( x ) ? eksponent je 54, 54 je paran broj pa je: ( x )

54
(x)
56
(x)
55
= x 55
jer je eksponent = 55, a 55 je neparan broj
= x 56
jer je eksponent = 56, a 56 je paran broj

= x parnu
(x)
= x neparnu
(x)
Zakljuak:
( x ) = x2n
2 n +1
( x ) = x 2 n+1
2n
na parni eksponent
ili
2 n je oznaka za parni broj

2n + 1 je oznaka za neparan broj
Sada to primjenimo u zadatcima:
2 . 8) ( x )4
3
7) ( 2 )
= x4
zato to je eksponent = 4, a 4 je paran broj
= 23 = 8
zato to je eksponent = 3, a 3 je neparan broj
Po stoji i drugi nain rjeavanja ovakvih zadataka:

II nain
( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 23 = 1 8 = 8
3
3
3
2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 23 = 1 8 = 8
(
7)
Svaki negativan broj ( x )

da se zapisati u obliku:
( x ) = ( 1 x )
8)
(x)
= ( 1 x ) = ( 1) x 4 = 1 x 4 = x 4
4
II na in
17
54
= x 54
( ab ) = a n b n
5. Koristimo pravila:
( ab )
( )
an
(( ) )
= anm
an
m z
= anm z
= a n b n Postupili smo prema prvom pravilu...
1)
( 2 x ) = 22 x 2 = 4 x 2
2
2 ) ( 3x ) = 32 x 2 = 9 x 2
3)
( abc ) = a n b n c n
= 4x2
= 9x2
3 2 3
3
2
x y = x
4
( ab c )
( ) ( y )
2
4)
5)
1 2 3
1
2
x y = x
2
6)
(x )
7)
(x )
32 2 2 3 2
9 4 6
= 2 x y =
x y
16
4
n m
(a )
= a n bn cn
2 2
2 3
2
xy = x y
3
( )
= anm
Postupili smo prema drugom i treem pravilu...
23 3 2 3
8 3 6
= 3 x y =
x y
27
3
( ) ( y )
4
14 2 4 3 4
1 8 12
= 4 x y =
x y
16
2
Prema pravilu:
= x2 2 = x4
( )
= x2
= x2 2 = x4
I nain
II nain:
7)
(x )
8)
(x )
9)
(x )
= 1 x
11)
(2x y )
12 )
(2x y )
3
( ) ( y )
= 22 x3
= 23 x 3
( ) ( y )
3
= 24 x3
( )
( ) ( y )
2
13) ( y ) = y 2
= 1 x
22
=x
(a )
n
= anm
= 4 x3 2 y 4 2 = 4 x 6 y8
= 8 x 3 3 y 4 3 = 8 x9 y12
= 16 x 3 4 y 4 4 = 16 x12 y16
= y23 = y6
3
II nain:
( )
= ( 1) x
= x 2 5 = x10
(2x y )
3
= x2 3 = x6
10 )
( )
2
2
2
13) ( y ) = ( 1 y ) = ( 1) y 2 = 1 y 2 = y 2
18
= y23 = y6
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
5.
= x parnu
(x)
= x neparnu
(x)
na parni eksponent
Koristimo pravilo:
14)
( y )
2
( )
= y2
= y23 = y6
prilikom raunanja I nainom u

14), 15), 16),17), 18), 19)...
to je bio I nain rjeavanja
II nain
14)
( y ) = ( 1 y ) = ( 1) ( y )
3
= 1 y 2 3 = 1 y 6 = y 6
( 1)
2
( 1)
3
( 1)
parnu
( 1)
neparnu
= 1 Prema pravilu:
= + 1 Prema pravilu:
= 1
= +1 = 1
15 )
15)
( y )
3
= 1 y 3
( y ) = ( y ) = y
( y ) = ( y )
2
parnu
= y4
= 1 y 4
= x5
= 1 x 5
17 ) x 5
1 7 ) x5
= 1 y 3 2 = 1 y 6 = y 6
to je bio II nain rjeavanja
( ) ) = ( y ) = + y
16 ) y 4
= y6
parnu
3 2
16 ) y 4
( )
= ( 1) y 3
( )
43
12
( )
3
3
= ( 1) y 4 = 1 y 4 3 = y12 = y12
= x 5 2 = x10
= y12
( )
= ( 1) x 5
II nain
( )
= 1 x 5 2 = x10 = x10
= x 5 2 = x10
II nain
U 18) pokazat emo tri naina rjeavanja:
18 ) x 5 = + x 5 = x 5
( )
= ( 1 ) ( x )
( )
= x5
18 ) x 5 = 1 x 5 =
2
( )
18 ) x 5 = + x 5 = x 5
2
= = 1 1 x 5
2
( )
= ( 1) x 5
= x 5 2 = x10
= 1 x 5 2 = x10
III nain ...u
II nain
[ ] min us i minus daju plus
U ovom 18) zadatku najbri ne III nain rjeavanja... dok je u 19) definitivno II nain najb olji....
19
5.
19 ) x 5
= + x5
= x5
22
= x5
( )
= x5
= x 5 4 = x 20
I nain
I nain u ovom zadatku pomalo zbunjuje pa je bolje to rjeavati na II nain izluivanjem ( 1) :

II nain:
19 ) x 5
= ( 1) x 5
( )
= ( 1)2 x 5
= 1 x 5 2 =
2
= 1 x10 =
( )
= ( 1) x10 = ( 1) x10
2
( )
20 ) x5
21)
( 2ab )
22 )
(a b )
23)
( 2 y )
2 3
= 1 x10 2 = x 20
( )
= x5 2 = x10 = x10
( )
= 23 a 3 b 2
= a2
( ) (b )
4
= a 2 4 b3 4 = a 8 b12
( )
= ( 2) y3
= 8 a 3 b 2 3 = 4a 3 b 6
= 4 y3 2 = 4 y 6
( 2 ) = 4 jer je: ( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 22 = 1 4 = 4
3
3
3
3
( 2 ) = 8 jer je: ( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 23 = 1 8 = 8
4
4
4
( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 24 = 116 = 16 itd.
2
ili ovako:
( 2) = ( 2) ( 2) = 4
3
( 2) = ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) = 8
2
= x parnu
(x)
= x neparnu
(x)
ili k oristimo pravilo:
( 3)
( 2)
3
( 2)
2
na parni eksponent
pa je:
= 22 = 4
= 23 = 8
= 33 = 27
24 )
( 3 y ) = ( 3) ( y )
2
= 33 y 2 3 = 27 y 6
( 3)
= ( 1 3) = ( 1) 33 = 1 27 = 27
3
20
ili
( 3)
= ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) = 27
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
5.
2
25 )
25 )
2 2
2
2
x = x
3
3
25 )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
x = 1 x = ( 1) x
3
3
( )
( )
=+
22 2 2 4 4
x = x
9
32
2
2
2
26 ) x 2 = x 2 = x 2
3
3
3
3
26 )
2 2
2
2
x = x
3
3
27 )
(x )
28 )
(y )
29 )
= xm 2 = x2m
= y n 3 = y 3n
(x
30 )
(x
31)
(a
32 )
(a
33)
(2 )
34 )
(3 )
35 )
(2 )
36 )
(2 3 )
yn
3x
b2 y
3x
= xm
( ) ( y )
= xm
( ) ( y )
b2 y
2y
2y
= 3x 3 = 33 x = 33
m n
( )
( )
= 2x x = 2x
2
23 2 3
8 6
x =
x
3
27
3
I nain
II nain
= a3 x 2 b2 y 2 = a6 x b4 y
2
= a 3 x x b 2 y x = a 3 x b 2 xy
x
= 4x
= 27 x
( ) (3 )
= 2m
23 2 3
8 6
x =
x
3
27
3
= 2 x 2 = 22 x = 22
22 2 2 4 4
= 1 2 x = x
9
3
= xm m y n m = xm y n m
( ) (b )
= a3 x
( )
( )
= xm 4 y n 4 = x4m y 4n
( ) (b )
= a3 x
yn
( )
25) zadatak na tri nai na
22 2 2 4 4
= 2 x = x
9
3
2 2
2 2
2
2
x = x = x
3
3
3
( ) (3 )
= 2m 2 3n 2 = 22 m 32 n = 22
21
= 4m 9n = 4m 9n
5.
37 )
(( x ) )
= x 2 3 4 = x 24
38 )
(( y ) )
= y 3 4 5 = y 60
39 )
(( ) )
= x 2 x 4 = x8 x
40 )
(( y )
41)
(( x )
42 )
( ) (( ) )
= y 3 4 y 5 3 2 = y12 y 30 = y12+30 = y 42
43)
( ( ) ) :( x )
= x 2 5 3 : x 4 7 = x 30 : x 28 = x 30 28 = x 2
44 )
(( a )
3 4
4 5
x 4
x2
x2
) ( x )
3
5 3
m z
= an m z
(( )
: a2
3
= x 2 6 2 x 3 5 = x 24 x15 = x 24+15 = x39
3 2
y5
6 8
(( a )
= y 3 x y = y 3 xy
6 2
y3
Prema pravilu:
4 5
45 ) a 2 b3 : 2ab 2
3
= a 3 6 8 : a 2 4 5 = a144 : a 40 = a144 40 = a104
3
3
2
= a 2 b3 : 22 a 2 b 2
3
23
= 3 a 2 3 b3 3 : 4 a 2 b 2 2 =
3
8 6 9
=
a b : 4 a 2 b4 =
27
8
=
:4 a 6 : a 2 b9 b 4 =
27
2 62 94
=
a b =
27
2 4 5
=
ab
27
( ) ( )
( )
22

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
( ab )
46 )
1 2 3
3 2
x y 4x y
2
( abc )
= a n bn
3
= an bn cn
(a )
n
3
3
3
3
1
= x 2 y 3 43 x 3 y 2 =
2
13
= 3 x 2 3 y 3 3 64 x 3 3 y 2 3 =
2
1
= x 6 y 9 64 x 9 y 6 =
8
1
= 64 x 6 x 9 y 9 y 6 =
8
64 6+9 9+6
=
x y =
8
= 8 x15 y15 =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= 8 x15 y15
47 )
1 2 3
3 2
x y : 4x y
2
3
3
3
3
1
= x 2 y 3 : 43 x 3 y 2 =
2
13 2 3 3 3
= 3 x y : 64 x3 3 y 2 3 =
2
1
= x 6 y 9 : 64 x9 y 6 =
8
1
= :64 x 6 : x9 y 9 : y 6 =
8
1
=
x 6 9 y 9 6 =
8 64
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
x 3 y 3 =
512
1 1 3
=
y =
512 x 3
y3
=
512 x 3
x
= 3x a 2 b x a x
48 )
( 3a b ) ( a b )
2
3x
( )
( ) ( b ) =
b ( a b ) =
b ( a b ) =
= 3x a 2 x
= 3x a 2 x
x2
2x
3x
3x 2
6x
= 3x a 2 x a 2 x b x b 6 x =
= 3x a 2 x + 2 x b x + 6 x =
= 3x a 4 x b 7 x
49 )
(x )
3
m +1
=x
3 ( m +1)
= x3m +3
23
= anm
(( a )
n
m z
= anm z
( ab )
49 )
(x )
50 )
(x )
m +1
=x
2 m 1
3 ( m +1)
( )
x2
m 1
( abc )
= a n bn
= an bn cn
(a )
n
= anm
(( a )
n
m z
= anm z
= x3m +3
=x
3 ( 2 m 1)
2 ( m 1)
= x 6 m 3 x 2 m 2 =
= x 6 m 3+ 2 m 2 =
= x 6 m + 2 m 3 2 =
= x 8 m 5
51)
(x )
5
2 m 1
( )
: x3
m +1
=x
3 ( 2 m 1)
:x
2 ( m 1)
= x 6 m 3 : x 2 m 2 =
=x
6 m 3 ( 2 m 2 )
=x
6 m 3 2 m + 2
=
=
= x 6 m 2 m 3+ 2 =
= x 4 m 1
( )
52 ) 2 x 2
( )
+ 3 x3
= 2 x 2 3 + 3 x3 2 =
= 2 x6 + 3 x6 =
= ( 2 + 3) x 6 =
= 5 x6
53)
(a )
3
( )
3 a2
( )
+ 4 a4
= a3 4 3 a 2 6 + 4 a 4 3 =
= a12 3 a12 + 4 a12 =

= (1 3 + 4 ) a12 =
= 2 a12 =
= 2a12
24

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
6.
a n b n c n = ( abc )
Koristimo pravilo:
1) 2 x 5 x = ( 2 5 ) = 10 x
2) 3x 4 x = ( 3 4 ) = 12 x
3) 4a 6a = ( 4 6 ) = 24a
4) 2 y 4 y = ( 2 4 ) = 8 y
a c b
ac b
= a2
5) =
b c
b c
3
7)
4
xy
8)
2
3 42
8
3 8
= =
= 23 = 8
3
4 3
4 3
2
xy x
xy x
= =
z yz
z yz
xy
10)
z
4
xy 4
x y 2 2
2
2 = 2 =
= = moemo ostaviti u ovom obliku

x
x y
2 x y
2 x x y
22
4
ili dalje:
= 2 = 2
x
x
9)
a b
a b
6) = = 14 = 1
b a
b a
m +1
x

yz
m +1
xy x
=
z yz
x x
=
zz
nakon kraenja
m +1
( )
( )
3
3
x2
x2
x x
=
= 2 = 2
zz
z
z
nakon kraenja
x2
= 2
z
m +1
(x )
=
(z )
2
m +1
m +1
x
z
2 ( m +1)
2 ( m +1)
x2m+2
z 2m+2
( )
( )
2
z2
z2
= 1 =
x
x1
m
nakon kraenja
( ) ( )
( )
m
m
y1 . z 2
y1 z 2
= 1 =
m
x
x1
5
z22
z4
=
x1 2
x2
x 2 y 2 y1 z 4 z 2
x2 y3 z 6
x2 y3 z6
2 1 2 =
12) 4 3 2 = 4 3 2 =
x y
z4
x x y
z x y
z
x y
13)
x +1
x2 3
x6
= 23 = 6
z
z
m+1
x 2 y 2 y1 z 4 z 2
x2 y3 z 6
x2 y3 z 6
2 1 2 =
11) 4 3 2 = 4 3 2 =
x y
z4
x x y
z x y
z
nakon krae nja
y1 m z 2 m
y m z 2m
=
=
x1 m
xm
5
x+ y
x y
x2 1
x 2 12
x+ y
2
2
2
2
x + 2 xy + y x y
x + 1 x + 2 xy + y x y
5
x y ( x 1) ( x + 1) x + y
=
=
2
x +1
x y
x
y
+
(
)
( x y ) ( x 1) ( x + 1) ( x + y )
=
=
( x + 1) ( x + y ) ( x + y ) ( x y )
( x 1)
x 1
=
=
5
x+ y
( x + y)
5
25
pa kratimo
7.
an
a
=

bn
b
Koristimo pravila:
a

b
bn
b
= = n
a
a
Izraunaj:
n
an
a
=
bn
b
22 4
2
1) = 2 =
9
3
3
2
2)
3
primjenili smo pravilo:
32
9
3
= = 2 =
4
2
2
n
an
a
po pravilu: = n
b
b

32
9
2
3
2) = = 2 =
4
3
2
2
uputa:
po pravilu
n
n
a
b
=
b
a
an
a
primjenili smo pravilo: = n
b
b
13
1
1
3) = 3 =
8
2
2
an
a
primjenili smo pravilo: = n
b
b
24 16
2
4) = 4 =
81
3
3
5
5)
7
2
6) 1
7
1 7 + 2
=
a
primjenili smo pravilo:
b
1
9
=
7
52
25
5
= = 2 =
16
4
4
27
33
3
= = 3 =
8
2
2
4
7)
5
2
8)
3
7
7
= =
5
5
1
9) 2
3
7
9
bn
b
= = n
a
a
mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak...
2 3 + 1
=
6 +1
=
7
=
3
32
9
3
= = 2 =
49
7
7
7 mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak...

2
10) 1
7
1 7 + 2
=
7+2
=
9
=
7
26
7 2 49
7
= = 2 =
81
9
9
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
7.
an
a
=

bn
b
Koristimo pravila:
a

b
bn
b
= = n
a
a
mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak...
1
11) 1
2
3
12)
4
1 2 + 1
=
2 +1
=
3
=
2
23
8
2
= = 3 =
27
3
3
42 16
4
= = 2 =
9
3
3
x
x2
13) = 2
y
y
= x parnu
(x)
= x neparnu
(x)
na parni eksponent
14) I nain k oristimo pravilo:

2
x
x
x2
14) = = 2
y
y
y
14)
x
x
jer je: =
y
y
x
x
2
= 1 = ( 1)
y
y
parnu
pa je:
x
=
y
parnu
x
x2
x2
1
=
y
y2
y2
II nain
x
II nain rastavili smo na: 1 ...
y
y
15)
x
x
x3
=

y
y3
y
15)
x
x
3
= 1 = ( 1)
y
y
I nain
x
x3
x3
1
=
y
y3
y3
II nain
= x parnu
(x)
= x neparnu
(x)
na parni eksponent
16) I nain k oristimo pravilo:
16)
16)
x
x
x4
= = 4
y
y
y
II nain:
jer je: ( x )
na parni eksponent
= x parnu
x
x
x4
x4
4 x
= 1 = ( 1) = 1 4 = 4
y
y
y
y
y
2
32
1 2 + 1
1
2 +1
3
17) 1 =
=
=
=
22
2
2
2
2
27
pa je:
x
= = ...
y
7.
Koristimo pravila:
a

b
an
a
=

bn
b
bn
b
= = n
a
a
2
82 64
23 + 2
2
6+2
8
8
18) 2 =
= = = 2 =
= =
3
3
9
3
3
3
3
I nain
II nain:
2
8
82 6 4
2 8
23 + 2
2
6+2
8
18) 2 =
= = 1 = ( 1) = 1 2 =
= =
3
3
3
9
3
3
83
512
23 + 2
2
6+2
8
8
=
=
=
19) 2 =
3
3
3
27
3
3
3
3
I nain
II nain:
3
8
83
5 12
3 8
23 + 2
2
6+2
8
=
=
=
19) 2 =
1
1
1
(
)
3
3
3
3
27
3
3
192 361
3 5 + 4
4
15 + 4
19
=
=
=
=
20) 3 =
25
52
5
5
5
5
( )
( )
4
x2
x2
21) 3 =
y
y3
4
4
x2 4
x8
= 3 4 = 12
y
y
( )
( )
3
3
x3
x3
x3
22) 4 = 4 =
y
y
y4
3
3
x3 3
x9
=
y43
y12
( )
( )
3
3
x3
x3
x3
3
22) 4 = 1 4 = ( 1)
y
y
y4
( )
( )
2
2
x3
x3
x3
23) 4 = 4 =
y
y
y4
2
2
3
3
= 1
x3 2
x6
=
y42
y8
( )
( )
2
2
x3
x3
x3
2
23) 4 = 1 4 = ( 1)
y
y
y4
x3 3
x9
=
y43
y12
II nain
I nain
2
2
I nain
= 1
x3 2
x6
=
y42
y8
28
II nain

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
7.
an
a
=

bn
b
Koristimo pravila:
a

b
bn
b
= = n
a
a
2
x2 ) ( y3 )
(
x2 y3
x2 2 y3 2
x4 y6
=
= 8
24) 4 =
2
z42
z
z
( z4 )
2
x2 y5
25) 6
z
z6
= 2 5 =
x y
(z )
=
( x ) ( y )
6
po pravilu:
a

b
po pravilu:
(a )
bn
b
= = n
a
a
z62
=
x2 2 y5 2
z12
x 4 y10
= an m
3
23 ( x 4 )
2x4
8 x43
8 x12
=
=
26) 2 =
3
23
3
27 y 6 z 3
3y z
33 ( y 2 ) z 3 27 y z
3
Najkrae objanjenje:
x 2 y 3
23 y 3 z 4
27) 3 4 =
=
2
2 z
x
Sve to ima minus u eksponentu

"skae" iz brojnik a u nazivnik i obrnuto...
8 y3 z 4
= 2 =
x
83 ( y 3 ) ( z 4 )
3
(x )
2
512 y 3 3 z 4 3 512 y 9 z12

=
=
x2 3
x6
Sada dodatna uputa: Razlomak
x 2 y 3
23 z 4
Ima u eksponentu "minus" pa se prvo rjeavamo tih "minusa"
23 y 3 z 4
x 2 y 3
=
23 z 4
x2
U brojniku je bio:
U nazivniku su bili :
x 2 i on je "skoio" u nazivnik i sada je: x 2
23 i z 4 i oni su "skoili" u brojnik i sada su: 23 i z 4
29
7.
an
a
=

bn
b
Koristimo pravila:
a

b
bn
b
= = n
a
a
2 x 4 y 2
2 x4
=
28)
2 3 =
3
5z
5y z
=
2 x 4 y 2
29)
3
5z
( )
( y ) ( z )
2
22 x 4
52
4 x4 2
4 x8
=
25 y 2 2 z 3 2
25 y 4 z 6
2 x4
= 2 3
5y z
=
2
5 y2 z3
=
=
4
2x
=
( ) ( z )
2 ( x )
52 y 2
2
25 y 2 2 z 3 2
=
4 x4 2
25 y 4 z 6
4 x8
( )
( ) ( )
3
3
3
23 x 4
2 x 4 y 2
2 x4
30)
= 2 3 = 3
3
3
5z
5y z
5 y2 z3
x
31)
y
8 x4 3
8 x12
=
=
125 y 2 3 z 3 3 125 y 6 z 9
y
y
= =
x
x
3
x y
y 2 y3
y 2 y 2 y1
x1
x
y y
32) = 3 = 2 3 = 2 2 1 = 1 =
y
x x
x x x
y
x x
y x
2x 3
33)
2x + 3
1
34)
x y
a 2 b5
35) 3
c
3
( 2 x + 3)
2x + 3
=
=
3
2x 3
( 2 x 3)
2
x y
=
= ( x y)
1
( )
( ) ( )
3
3
c3
c3
= 2 5 =
3
a b
a 2 b5
c3 3
c9
=
a 2 3 b5 3 a 6 b15
30

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
7.
Koristimo pravila:
an
a
=

bn
b
a

b
( ) y :( y )
( ) (a ) (a )
3
2
2
a2
a2 y y2
36) 3 3 : 4 =
y a a
y3
a23 y 2 y 2 2
=
:
y33 a3 2 a 4 2
a6 y 2 y 4
:
=
y 9 a 6 a8
bn
b
= = n
a
a
2
2
a6
y2 y4
= 7 2 6: 8 =
y y a a
kratimo
1 y4
= 7 : 8 =
y a
=
1 a8
=
y7 y4
a8
a8
a8
=
=
y7 y4
y 7+4
y11
1
22 1 1 4 1
1
3
2 1
+ =
37) 23 + 22 = 3 + 2 = 2 + =
2
3 8 4 9 42 4
2
3 2
1
1
1 1 1 2 + 1 9 11
=
+ =
+ =
=
9 2 4 18 4
36
36
1 3

38)
8 4
1
1 4
1 42 1 16 1 8 2 2
= = 2 =
=
=
8 3
8 3
8 9
8 9
9
2
2
1
1
39) +
3
3
2
2
3
3
3 2 5
3 3 2
= + = + 9 8 = +1 = + =
2
2
2 2 2
2 1 1
2
3 2 22 3 3 4 2 33 2 3 42 27 23
40) 3 = 2 = 2 3 =
3 2 3
3 4 3
4 3 2
2
8
8
8
1 8
1 8
1
2
16 9 3
=
= ( 4 3)
= 122
= 2
=
27
27 12 27 144 27 486
9 4 27
31
8.
a0 = 1
Koristimo pravila:
1) 20 = 1
a1 = a
a 1 =
1
a
an =
1
an
po pravilu: a = 1
0
2) x 0 = 1
0
x2 y 4
3)
=1
z
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je eksponent
te zagrade nula sve je jednako jedan !
( ) ( )
0
0
x2 y 4
x2 y 4
3) ili taj isti zadatak du im postupkom:
=
z0
z
11 1
= =1
1
1
4) x 0 + y 0 = 1 + 1 = 2
5) 30 = 1
6)
( 3)
=1
po pravilu: a = 1
0
7) 30 = 1
zato to je: 30 = 1 30 = 11 = 1
8) 3x 0 = 3 1 = 3
9)
10)
( x + y)
=1
(2x 7 y )
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je to na nultu sve j e jednako jedan !
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je eksponent
te zagrade nula sve je jednako jedan !
=1
11) x 0 2 y 0 + 7 z 0 = 1 2 1 + 7 1 = 1 2 + 7 = 6
12) x 0 ( 2 y ) + ( 7 z ) = 1 1 + 1 = 1
0
13) x 0 x 0 = 11 = 1
14)
(x )
0
= 12 = 1
32

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
8.
a0 = 1
Koristimo pravila:
a1 = a
a 1 =
1
a
an =
1
an
13) x 0 x 0 = 11 = 1
14)
(x )
15)
(x )
16)
(4x)
0 2
= 12 = 1
=1
=1
17) 51 =
1
5
18) x 1 =
1
x
19) 0, 2
20)
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je to na nuultu sve je jednako jedan !
po pravilu:
2
=
10
( x y)
( x y)
1
1
=
2
3
9
22) x 3 =
1
x3
23) 0,3
24)
25) 41 =
5
=5
1
1
x y
po pravilu:
102 100
10
= = 2 =
3
9
3
1
( 2 x 5)
1
a
prvo decimalni broj pretvorimo u razlomak...
po pravilu:
3
=
10
( 2 x 5)
1
=
5
1
21) 32 =
a 1 =
1
4
33
an =
1
an
an =
1
an
8.
a0 = 1
Koristimo pravila:
1
1
1
1 4
=4
26) 1 = = 1 =
1
1
4
11
4
4
27)
( 4)
2
28)
3
30)
( 5)
2 ( 5)
ili na drugi nain:
a
pr ema pravilu:
b
3
3
= =
2
2
2
2 51
=
= 2 5 = 10
5 1
1
a 1 =
a 1 =
1
2
ispada:
a
3
ili krae:
1
a
an =
1
an
1
1 41
=
=4
41
1
1
1
1 4
=
= 1 =
= 4 ili na drugi nain:
1
1
1
1
4
4
Isti taj zadatak po pravilu :
29)
a1 = a
( 4)
1 ( 4 )
1
1
1 ( 4 )
1
= 4
bn
b
= = n
a
a
1
1
3 1 3
= = 1 =
=
2
2 2 1 2
3
3
vidimo da je rezultat isti!
2
= 2 51 = 2 5 = 10
5 1
= 2 ( 5 ) = 10
31)
3
3 22
=
= 3 4 = 12
22
1
32)
2a 2a b 4
=
= 2ab 4
4
1
b
33) 35 x 4 34 x 3 37 9 x = 35 x 4+ 4 x 3+ 7 9 x = 35 x + 4 x 9 x 43+ 7 = 30 = 1
34

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
8.
a0 = 1
Koristimo pravila:
a1 = a
a 1 =
1
a
an =
1
an
34) 22 x +1 23 223 x 2 x 6 = 22 x +1+3+ 23 x + x 6 = 22 x 3 x + x +1+ 3+ 26 = 20 = 1
35) 52 x 3 52 2 x = 52 x 3+ 2 2 x = 52 x 2 x 3+ 2 = 51 =
36)
( x + y)
2 mn
( x + y )
1
3 7) 27 x y 2
3
0
n2 m
= ( x + y)
2 mn+ n2 m
= ( x + y)
= ( x + y) = 1
2 m2 m+ nn
3
= 111 2 = 1 2 3 = 6
1
1
5
1 1 5 1
1 1 1
5
1 1
38) y 2 23 = 1 3 = 1 5 =
2 2 1 2
2 2 8 32
2 5
0
a2b
39) 3
c
m+n
a2b
: 3
c
23 21
40) 2
4
2 +2
m+2n
a2b
a2b
3 = 3
c
c
1 1
23 21
1
1
+
22 24
1 8
= 8
4 + 1
16
22 31
41) 1 2
2 3
m + n ( m + 2 n ) + n
1 1
82
=
1 + 1
4 16
7

= 8
5
16
a2b
= 3
c
1 24
= 8
1 4 + 1
16
m+ nm2 n+ n
a2b
= 3 =1
c
7 16
=
85
72
=
14
=
5
2
5
25
25
2 5
5
= = 1 = ( 1) 2 = 1
=
14
196 196
14
14
1 1
22 3
=
1 1
2 32
1 1
43
=
1 1
2 9
6 3
=
62
3
=
2
= 12
1
18
2
18
=
12
22 4
2
= = 2 =
9
3
3
35
8.
Koristimo pravila:
2 2 3 1
42) 1
2
2 +3
a0 = 1
1 1
2 3
=2
1 + 1
2 32
3 6
=
11 2 6
43) 30 20 31 = 11
1 1

=4 3
1 + 1
2 9
3
=
22
a 1 =
3 4
43
=
9+2
29
1
a
2
an =
1

= 12
11
18
1
an
18 1
=
1112
2
22
484 484
2 22
22
= = 1 = ( 1) 2 = 1
=
3
9
9
3
3
1
1 23 1 6 1 5
= 2 =
=
=
3
3
3
3
3
45) 20 + 21 2 2 = 1 + 2
1
1 3 4 1 12 1 11
= 3 =
=
=
2
4
4
4
4
2
1
1
1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
3 = =
=
=
2
4 8
8
8
8
2
2
47) 23 2 2 + 21 =
48) 3 2 2 3 =
a1 = a
1
1 1 3 1 3 1 2
= 1 =
=
=
3
3
3
3
3
44) 30 + 20 31 = 1 + 1
46) 2 2 23 =
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 2 + 1 4 1 2 + 4 3
2 + 1 = + =
=
=
3
8 4 2
8
8
8
2
2
2
1
1
1 1 8 9 1
1
3 = =
=
=
2
9 8
9 8
72
72
3
2
1
1
2
1 27 27
22
49) 3 = 2 = 4 =
=
1
1
4 1
4
3
3
27
3
22
33
27
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain: 3 = 2 =
vidi u 7. zadatku 27), 28), 29)
4
3
2
1
8
8 2
2
3
2 3
8 1
1
1
= 3 = 9 =
=
=
50)
2
16 9 16 9 2 18
16
4
1
23 32
23
8
1
1
=
=
=
=
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain:
2
2
2
16 9 2 9 18
4
4 3
36

tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE
8.
Koristimo pravila:
a0 = 1
a1 = a
a 1 =
1
a
an =
1
4
1
4
22 41
1 2 2
=
51) 2 1 = 4 = 4 = 1 =
1
9
3 1 3 3
3 6
9
6
6
2
22 4 1 4 61 6 2
= =
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain: 2 1 =
3 6
9 41 9 3
1
1
1 b b
a
= a =
=
52)
1
1 a 1 a
b
b
a 1 b
ili isti zadatak na drugi na in: 1 =
a
b
1
2
2
a 2
a 2 = 1 b = b
=
53)
1
b 2
a 2 1 a 2
b2
a 1b
=
54)
c 1
ili drugi nain:
1
b
1
a = a = b c = bc
1
1
a 1
a
1
c
c
a 2 b2
= 2
b 2
a
1
a 2 b3
b3 =
55) 1 2 =
1 2
c d
d
c1
a2
ili drugi nain:
a 1b b c1 bc
= 1 =
a
c 1
a
a2
2
2
b3 = a c = a c
d2
b2 d 2 b2 d 2
c
a 2 c1
a 2 b3
a2c
ili drugi nain: 1 2 = 3 2 = 3 2
c d
b d
bd
56)
x 1bc 2
y 2 c3 d 1
1
b c2
2
b
c
1
b c 2 y 2 d b c 2 y 2 d bdy 2
= x
= x3 =
=
=
3
2
1
1 3 1
cx
c
x
c
x
c
c
c 1
2
2 1
y
d
y d
ili drugi nain:
b c 2 y 2 d 1 b c 2 y 2 d bdy 2
x 1bc 2
=
=
=
cx
y 2 c3 d 1
c 3 x1
c 2 c1 x
2
57)
c
1 1 2
c
1 2 2
x b2
c 2 c3 d
c 2+3 d
x b c
c5 d
x1 b 2
=
=
=
=
=
1 1
y 2 c 3 d 1
y2
x b2 y 2
b 2 xy 2
b 2 xy 2
y2 3 1
c d
c3 d
c3 d 1 c 2
c 3+ 2 d
x 1b 2 c 2
c5 d
ili drugi nain: 2 3 1 = 1 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 2
y c d
x y b
b xy
b xy
37
1
an
9.
38

tel-01-4578-431

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POTENCIJE

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

Rjeenja svih zadataka s kompletnim postupkom i uputama

itamo: dva na petu

Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

= ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = ( 2,5 2,5 2,5 ) = 15, 625

Prebrojimo min use -ima

= ( 0, 04 0, 008) = 0, 0322 = 0, 001024

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

ili je potpuno isti izraz...

x + 2 x + 4 x = 6 x ili x + 2 x + 4 x = ( 0 + 2 + 4 ) x = 6 x to nije tono!!!

Ovo je potpuno isti izraz

M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

Dosta esto radite ovakve greke:

M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

To je potpuno isti izraz... uobiajeni zapis je ovaj zadnji...

20) x 2 m +1 x3m + 2 = x 2 m +1+ 3m + 2 = x 2 m +3m +1+ 2 = x 5 m +3

23) x m + n x 2 m n x3m + 2 n = x m + n + 2 m n +3m+ 2 n = x m+ 2 m+3m+ n n + 2 n = x 6 m+ 2 n

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

4 . U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:

41) 137 : 135 = 137 5 = 132 = 169

53m 2 : 5m 2 = 53m 2 m 2 = 53m m 2 2 = 52 m 4 to nije tono!

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:

Mnoimo svaki lan prve zagrade sa svakim lanom druge zagrade...

M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

Poja vio nam se jedan problem a taj je :

vidi zadatke: 7),13),14),15),16),17),18),19),23),24)...

P ogledajmo opet u 2. zada t a k kako smo t o tamo rjeili:

Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa

Sada se ja vlja ovakav problem:

53 puta bi to trebali na pisati

53 je nepar an broj pa je: ( x )

dal je logiki je pitanje koliko je ( x ) ? eksponent je 54, 54 je paran broj pa je: ( x )

jer je eksponent = 55, a 55 je neparan broj

jer je eksponent = 56, a 56 je paran broj

2 n je oznaka za parni broj

Sada to primjenimo u zadatcima:

zato to je eksponent = 4, a 4 je paran broj

zato to je eksponent = 3, a 3 je neparan broj

Po stoji i drugi nain rjeavanja ovakvih zadataka:

Svaki negativan broj ( x )

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

= a n b n Postupili smo prema prvom pravilu...

Postupili smo prema drugom i treem pravilu...

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

prilikom raunanja I nainom u

to je bio I nain rjeavanja