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    Viscoelasticity

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    Viscoelasticity

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    296 views162 pages

    Mechanical Response of Polymers - W. Rajagopal

    Uploaded by

    Isadora Henriques
    Viscoelasticity

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 162
    Mechanical Response of Polymers AN INTRODUCTION ALAN S. WINEMAN K. R. RAJAGOPAL [CAMBRIDGE Marky Awash ve, ‘Mechanical Response of Polymers ‘Thee of plymes ha scot so cmon hat woul be ‘atin to pasa doy mse conn cot ws pos inetd pric. Tor eure, subi, oul spp ‘esc eral ake mee mane Aiea se ned neg in Sophos eft apliaans for ‘cute eel tnt mechan poe, who have madonly ‘cid onthe bhai of mets, bme tcp nd seg nth polyme “Tis tx provides thorough inion fo he aj of oy ies rom chal eeieig perfect, esting cand Dynamics of Bodies with Viecoolatic Support 91 eration 92 Comparson of Speng-Damger and Vicodsic Suppers 933 Faced Oulton 94 ree Online Boundary Value Problems for Linear lotropic 103 Comapendece Theorem for Quai Static Motion 4 Berkdown of the Corerpondence Pari 168 ws m ag ne ni be m2 Ft ae a 105 Appleton ofthe Comepondence Pcp: Prue Loading of 2 ‘Vacelsi Cynder ae 106 Application of te Correspondence Prine Teson of Bars of Noe Ciel Coscia 107 Direct Slaton Methods 111 icon 4112. Thermally induced Dimensional Changes 113 Mechanal Response at DilertTerpeetres 1a Tine-Temperatre Superposition 1S Expesinntal support for Tone Tempest Spepoiton 116. Genel Comment 17 iet of Temperate on Charice Sus Relaation Tine 18. Otber Matra Proper Fane 119 Inpleaons of Tim Tepertre Soperposton for Paceses 11.10 Rite of Work LL Bsteson w Tine Varying Tempertite Historie ALLS Gonsttine Egution for Tine Varying Temperate Histories 1.14 Themo-Vacocane Response of The Ba Sins Fortin 11.18 Thermo icone Response of Tre Br Sracusc Development of Frsenin Detain 11.16 Thermo Vcodasi Repos of Tre Bar Scie: Frcerin Fors 11.17 Theo Varodai Response a4 Tse Bar Sac Cool nds Warping 1119 Them Vico Response of Thee Be Se Conners Appendix A Operator Notation fr Tine Derivatives Appendix 8. Laplace Transform ‘Appendix. Volterra integral Equations on dix Formel Manipulation Methods ‘Appendix E Field Equations in Cartesian and Cylindrical eons Inder te x bs mas an Proface using the pase several decade he ue of poles has eso so commonplice ‘hat woul be acey mpl paws Gy without oman ine cma th polymer-based produc. The astomnbie, steps, apps, and tetonis Inds we more polrmer by weight, than athe val uote Dep ‘heineased we of poles in epinering rodty he rsa deformations that thse prs ergo are gery eine a te chariot of cation tat has emphasized the behivor of ma ter thas, ples Polymeric mates have been sed more whi he cote of udetnng, thee material propria by chemi, hem oir od mata soit, tater than seth ew toward undertndig the steer and orm in Sacral component Hower pil change ae ecuring in cern egietia pracis involing polymers tom the spine of mechanical eapnetng. Polyner ar ng need for neal sobs inal alain, “Tae tec apd eer ao hve mai requesting and ety auton feoperie Thus x seal tat he mechani engineringeceaton be expel to that stats sone aS Sead adepe wh polymers hey re thts ia dein ses ad ‘fects “The authors have sent many yeaes teaching nacring sadent abou sre snd deormasonr in metalic wre coponest onthe ane an ol ati fut soca inthe mecha esp of pole om tee Tey ha ae ‘aught graduate courses nthe veces roms of payer In recgniton of ‘heinceasing nel hr mecha eines Be located etc fp ‘nem we have wed or aching and resich experi odeopgrhone whi 'ttendd to ere as both 4 extbok so a eager ren “Ths bok war epared with etal purpose in end The fiona solid trai ofthe phenmens of sales al rey i ers thet co Sequence frmechaneal aon, This heed by decloping the oe Sa time elton forthe sponte of pms, and then ng a0 ep carats ater and proses mes ent pation nde eer fang mer. The Second psp bar odo with the cas poperss of poles Aes “ul be tami with deptons of shana gone nem tot ropes. Thus we deve the ack sound neesaty for ths purpose, In paras, Nee the scrape elton so interpret the espons in fundamental expres an heen dere "tae eer se ret nee eep me wet, and tears el tr ‘nr thedpuspne 0 Sonchon theese eeu ae rice. We ein wha orgh testes of omer and furs unde ors. Examples are psented whch ot ont lene ferencsnpe of the consequence of cep andre lation, bat bo Sete dere mets fo analyng src poems nei ghren a ex took foram tractor sod mechan couse the hanes eae ‘lan sw fa each eam cn be defied for papmesc mera, Scan be ete bythe mead reed here. The same apothis thn se © ‘vemine arenes and dforon in bodes with mae complied shape and innings, bead of examples of fears a ton bry examples ate des om the cal ns hse of cry a hea rp OF te cou Hee cl vmenent sna otc fom te meal ‘oponding bth sda es land near vious fi. While he ear ‘sou id a proper mde ove ht hiner elac os model ines ind east slid ob more pec) an apposition that hat served aan inlpenable model inva of swt and apples. The sume cn be ‘id the lear codec mode whet no fue vain ae ae Inde conformy ofthe pedo: ofthe mode wih sealabieexperimental data Five ended ran enn ool the pats eee ie our pal tha the eaten of real dling, formuaon ofthe bas ies in mechani and eho fo he ction snd olson of ern rates pened hee wil enable the sent or praca engineer t make pcm and cine we of pole materia "rer aba ou sotto: we flow the seo “amor Whe te ean are tuber nequrrly cig te devcopment te try an each chapter, we sig ean umber independent fo ie ‘Suton of the seal poles af eae cach hate Alan . Ween KR Ranppal ast > ar CHAPTER ONE Discussion of Response of a Viscoelastic 1.1 Comparison with she Response cise SHE tt haa Vince Matai Ase wr vax suet hh of mean pose und con ‘esi ele supe 0 far pt feral pose ve fat ‘Shinandicourdas ore (compare vl raps wh a of Teac tae vic fas nema ame tne wae “ha opus by fr dmg poe of TEP cand car vinous (Noon) as gee a ep eames lt the wae for sna acon fr rnd nian “Coe one ens sarn e h materal egete e xeon ope seat. The atl in an wadeormed aeons =. Ssh 11 shows nos era conal sah ean eo 9 fev sa rsa a Pape Ut hows on exams sd sa at Nanpealton The metal ropne cm yang roof Strand en th by es fp os ear ne snd i ers Se he peo dc he ots ner nh sole ‘lw ine ae pase nd px acer i Aten il Snel ts uh ey andor sn une ate 0 Sy Solar 412 Response of Classi! Elatic Sol “Theonsinemoametnia prea are sc ct tyhahancaogninap shen Pe 2 Mani Se Shines tend he cecmaton aay ch Fe ‘sc\aintecotonanncbeaongsosan Thin one “irene The pone of el analy on TRIS rel age Sere ees thems sao sn Cale Sowonns» scrim satan Th 9 one by aoc ee F SBE. ccore ogra th rn Anan of PSPSPS now conc! wich lead oe como rht neeF he You so he ‘Swing Smt, tel ht ic inet omaha “0 inertial effects. i == of ae Fw, One win min. i io shee Mike tees “aos Ths sown curve a of Figure 1h od the bel conan, an the sapspimentneouserenovet a net thewesininantneoss scrote. Tost =the matral oantneouy comple eco rgialshpe (pring) ‘tan connotes, aaPoNS 0 ster ste oh san sudenly mersedegMeiend te hel const, the es semsmneomipionene pond an coor ‘ict oF orrnenr stones [rane reached ae by di sin hits () a) + wel These tates wold bol ‘stesso were reached at tine By fen Sus stor “The above bean segs he Keach ae Sea ee eres w.Wrenrer the san sy the comesponding sea hat inane away yl then publ eo ciate tbawoe shee andthe ot os and proce the unig Sestzin plot shown ie gare 14. Thea Rw 1 YS ew oc Ln dn et ma tar ig Rae od iin ‘ean osiaion 1 20 asinine 20 cen caemachimemacgnaiaiape, he work dove 8 teeters ten at gms. Ss si cateesiaaiae od emptor «| gy fate dominoes Swern a 41.3 Resmonte of» Classical Viscous - _— “The one dimersionl Fre: Menem ‘acnustds fe repesctel bya mechan. Mini emo sos Ms {Staraloe hemsamsdast spton ao ack in yin) shown re 1.6. The respons ofthe vous dampe scaracteed by a elation berwen force Fad Sloeation ae, devoed by dh = 3 The forelegs re elaion for a Tne vicows damper thenmaore ene nse Th elon is astumed be vali nde all aoony Thr uggs ta he nea ico id ie dribedby alton ten ste ond sine fe rg ich corse Hid materia pope, ae. We now conser # sumer of Seso-tine and statin experiments which enable ac the plea of tha rlaon, theses is increased to time zero and then bel constant, linea viscous | doc no rach Buel elomed te. Ter coi! aiing i hat 5 the mates dows. A gmat he tin tebe saan 25 ‘hown in curve ao igure cs teem ah i echo. on sere The sn saya onan dhe sen ent {Thi onde forth ane tn ear sae. ore Soi pt ai ae > UE) ans ae [ont pe ane hel yt dae a ‘suo comraa. Test, ReSPONS 0 STP STRAIN Seppe the sinisinsesedansananentg che hed ae A vey Inge soos eee to pose the sed shape change It he sani bl stn for FO, the senegal eo matin ths Sain rede inmediely to ae Thess tons fo alin #> 0. Thi shown a Ft 18 ‘Stppse tar the ssn eat a in by ran sqaence (he) 8 sai shoe Fo 17 Thnamatoned achat Snore Noe rer a san sop een een oe lef In genera here amb any Yale of tai a ie coresponding to the Stes cine yO the ter han ere peso be ot ome ale of sri ate ern orci ne oie aman, “pecs ns on te strain a timer nr on he review sais ati nes iebopene ony on te mast at nef IC ine Fs inated Kerween the o-t so the c-r gaps the singe rah in gue 19 proaced wich is dese the relation oe) =n). ‘erosion Tite specimen is defamed fo orga shape and the restored wo hat supe te wo completely conver ena te Tap eesanat tere “Testes and san ae 9 rapt ao ves wih eur Fg 11 ar 19, Soe ce pt fo avs an t 144 Comments on Matera Microstructure ‘When an ete force appli pi of mea neal forces ar pros ‘The materal develope te sly to prodace aaa force by dato o Ahacthngphysa tur for eal, reba ace tar with gneiss Hens ue to mes ‘Momactararouge so pay by sll dlomatio ofthe cyaline srw Fads nc ayaa water at sonpse of moles which exe weak atactve foro each thes, foc ae bud up by he coninuoes movement of parse wth pet each be, wc en 33 hid hw. reponse. Ths is dor so te nature of he material micosrucnce. VERE Fepons scr near of matric 5: ‘onundipat odes cater an be howto a eal contin ‘th tai in he pres as wel a the Stora he porous soi ‘Vicon uname erly and lop tral apes to be aed ‘odie moymenaffebesiedskelonachammleat, cle mcromokle ‘They spun ar teage volume whch emus gree than atomic danenson. I tet develop ital ery thse macromolcles mist undergo changes it nfgraon These supe change owl molec reraemets on aos ‘eis LIT 1 sn opus contour reaengeen’ shy eames 2 fearangenerer ons mre aleve, ich to mga, 5. teoneeson a pd orci aco atomic Inher word eragemens oro broad ange of ie als “Te tuition between so nd fd reponse othe crs of mcrae (ce Tp 112) qantas > ened wow ther, they form a newer heh Ses asm pole oun of decane ress omove, he ere ase OY ‘fn-nking ete the network ern os Onin consti Ite mao tlc ae not cow hed they can se over one ater, Uode oneant rem thy connec to sd ovr one sotber and fw: the es omnes {ive ae to ier foc cate the macros et the il sangeet “1S Response of a Viscoalatic Materia! Unrest reset yt 0 and thn be Bld Bed “The ype rope, shown in Fite L135, costs ob 1. a examin nese sin OA, 2 Gantauasrinmgsn ie es arent ABC “The sain Oe thought fa taco asic reponse. The sein searnce ‘ABC's sonication of daoand iso fie he mater sl ae te ‘fain aspen appeocheconn vee be mater ie, be Sante anmpeonely approaches ott ale Ith sei ened 20 ane heres pal 1. some instantaneous in covery CD, 2 layed vecvery DEF “ she aerial ate, generally he amemcoperd heer fecovere 20 thee me eae fee Toe cotued eramg 0 Dow a Fe ee ee clled ee (Eh ede ono rep, line our or Newnan ads Rave + com sence rep) NEtMtad feed Then tn the pal ‘espa how in Fae 11 1 ae es stantansout amp ‘omeraiie O" 2 hemmed to mati the mea it etn aa wth ea STAT StS eaten ene Meeernte siete Se Se SS ee ee erences cai Sct rbd bre vic wed ene ec ada os cae sr ee ee a ed ery te yg oe eee aes peat eee oe eee ret mete eae are score A eh tcrareovcoetolig rece Seta aor ee or moan et See nie Te ra oe ei ing ct = eee [eer nin mec Tie tre ene wet mel oe nat se rane rorellae eechogtruseaen sa ce ses cide pe eee Ct cen oe aces tre en res eee Seppe hearer seabed 0 vrals{ ————— se “hitve™ ach atvng atthe ame Sate oy a ine a8 shown to gate 115. The corcponing ssn time wall sie aT Sepa ie ¢ cnt teen the vt papa the pap forthe cor sou tepooding srr tore. A leet ie ‘Sera graph i commced fr ech = Noe abr ofthe oy (pare Asi semen canbe made fr ¢ fd dhe wine * "Ths pis atone af a vom She up to tne tare known, or <0) the Secure of ras of op f0 UOC F MC Fan 144 Tp sep ele Hen, Mera Inc, nother ers, esamdindenoe ‘ps ne mera a a bx ‘natbepeeceing stain bisorscrcompue|¢) °°! known th poeesding se star “ener eases Tne spcme Som roi gil shape and then eel ht stay, sme tata he wet doe some oben seeommcat anno ‘Onedanenioal sicorc rps canbe trp 2 + eommaons! ici anal wate eres SESE roerns by combing te mechancalanlogs forts imple sponses inte more complied mechani In ft, vacoeasie mechan espns ‘cal sinuse! by Geo apemseescourdempereuminasoans show Foes ene nina eit et encom Aedes: might te oven 2 Bese specie. They do ot neatly rove might no she molar bau for vcs spose They alo canoe [thought of x ponding 4 riproue mathemati foundation fe the to the ‘rps of vicottic mea Toe axe chats we wil show how hese chan sogs ad 0 elation texwen he set har an theca hor for ene densa spose under ‘Sonn conos, lg out ha tere no ume combination of spn and Sious dangers wish wil mult specie colt pose iene nam pegs al wai damgers a prove te same muon 41.8. Typical xperimantat Results “Typical experimental data ae shown a Fgues 1174-175. The enema “am rope ain i hn ag L's iSite Ply and Worky Dt pe 2) Neth ais do or cared 1 percent andthe ie ale meas in andes fore Als ote a he ‘cll douhed 925, o pled Soy, theaetesponig eg tai ‘pprosimaely dole or tile. pea ee SF hala 508 yan Woe gy nina Tene Nex note the ee espe ofc cere shown in Figure 1.17 (dey 9th 71-7 Nien 1962: igure bl). The se : fm it cay ame he [Norse ttt testes edu, be corerpoting sane tect ee em louie. Thee tw figs show tht each mater tr mn charac ep oponse Te Fg .17e dens the ao oy Ths ae shows how oy vats ora smateral when the Sein janps it va fom to fo ce and i then Kept fed {Bacal Caaf nd Toby 1952 3374-338, Tobelky 1960 Fre TS) ‘The ornate represen ales flan whe the abi eps lng) (ite | inp Fer LI Cone ae a 2° ne 190, for sme vale of K-The rest show er elation. A signin feu that. eye dees rm shut Ht 074 ota jy Seve by 2 co X Ress of deren ries of sts ate shown in Fig 1.174 Koo nd Die 1955:177-186; Nien 1962: Fae 5A species payed meter subjected tan longtion san wh cesses cotta tate The nt ‘ach stant plone versa the sess tha it, Clery the eu een ot Fe 117 shows x plo of log 2/% ver afr the same kin of op sai es diced in onlancton ws Fge 113 Joos 1965 Fndey, sod Onarn 1976: Figures $20 and 52), The wt wee perfomed om sl rocker propel, Th rule idcate es tlvation on tee ale ered in wsoms Nt tha theses redasation depends om terete, A Poon pe Sie ale shown in Figure LITE. Now that ede fac of 10 on ‘ime ines, 1c, women) or Le fm bar G9 anal ad le Sew nr sep aon th nnd obey 58 RS Tl ae Rn acta oS ‘an eh ge 117 shows the arin sponse pec bythe ses hor nde in the shaded wper pct ofthe fe (Sand Sacman 96% Fue fh hae str of 450 ps applied aie ere and ten teddies pee 400 econ The crtsponding seam ist preset by edad Oe, tine wal shows, he apes (oe jumps nan coesponig to he ons sre ore cat while the ss is ro ding the ine neal fo 180 soe 10 200 sone he erie ill ing Slag pk Jn onder traci tema rpm fear ice we show thats proportional sand (2 seat sope ofthe oe pap The oven patently characte by angle mer te slope often ele sce Serres nah | jects cane en cena peer tee ei ‘Log Tis es, & mperty. ihe a i hl tn pn en dg te nee ge forgone that there could be oolaear retin Aceon then contend (eke Sr PY pet a fd ere Pee Sa aS Sight ine ate ewes eon sna 2 fs chursceaing proper. However a ean ‘terials with nowatapt oe parts are considered the stanton etc dt {erent There snow a init auter of psi forthe shape of bene, Thus the ene oe curve, or the faction fic) spend wo chenwetes e tcl propery ‘he sitson in viola i see ott dissed shove. Altough san ‘ices cn be speed for deeming he exhancl response of «mat te St Ra Maan | He : | eS P| Paes a P| [pt oes] i Stucco cone See ame coer a number of andar ee and he ast mail oper emer est Suppose thats seinen sbi to step ses teat dere ses eve shown in igure 118, For cach es iether cotesponng apes oe Shown in Pure 188 Le assess Since) for <0, alo required thar Jige) =O fort 20 The etn, odd tor tlltina #aad vss aes, in stmssneasaion 1st [Now suppose thatthe seinen subject to ep stain ws at difecssl lees shown nFgre19s, For each ain alae hee corey ae Ssh cn ‘Asim the rep es rgd cht a for £1<0.The function te) 8 aneher spose fncon fr the mate Viscose materials ar fen subjected ots involring soso nitions ‘in which the sain fas avery small apie 2 i

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