التقرير العربي الخامس للتنمية الثقافية - محمد سعيد الريحاني محررا PDF

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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Arab Thought Foundation.

1434/1433 2012 -
ISBN: 978 9953 0 2378 6

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- 00961 1 997100 :00961 1 997101 :
www.arabthought.org
info@arabthought.org

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- 1 :
CETINA, KARIN KNORR, "Culture in global knowledge societies: knowledge cultures and epistemic cultures,
INTERDISCIPLINARY", SCIENCE REVIEWS, 2007, VOL. 32, NO. 4.
Creative Economy Report 2008, The Challenge of Assessing the Creative Economy: Towards Informed Policy Making, UNCTAD/UNDP.
"Culture, the heart of a knowledge-based economy, the strategic use of culture in the European project", ECP
Lisbon Agenda Research Group, 2006.
Galloway, Susan and Dunlop, Stewart, "A CRITIQUE OF DEFINITIONS OF THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE
INDUSTRIES IN PUBLIC POLICY", International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2007.
Garnham, Nicholas," FROM CULTURAL TO CREATIVE INDUSTRIES", International Journal of Cultural

Policy, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005.
Mawani,A,"Cultural Industries",International Collaborative Dictionary of Communications, 2010-0909. R.K. Nielsen et al (Eds.), URL: http://mediaresearchhub.ssrc.org/icdc-content-folder/cultural-industries/ .

.12/2008
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Cybrarians Journal 21 .2009
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( World Intellectual Property
" )Organization "WIPO 4 .5

( )1
.
13 .
- 2 :
Yamada, Tetsuo, Structural Industrial Statistics for Cultural Industries, Docs/oecd-SBSmeetingpaper-cultstat-may07.
Gordon C., John and Beilby-Orrin, Helen, International Measurement of the Economic and Social
Importance of Culture, Statistics Directorate, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD, Paris , Draft: 2006.
Towards a UNESCO culture and development indicators suite, Working document, UNESCO.
Towards a UNESCO Suite of indicators on Culture and Development (2009 2010), Literature
review , UNESCO, February 2010 .
STATISTICS ON CULTURAL INDUSTRIES, Framework for the Elaboration of National Data Capacity
Building Projects, Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok, 2007.
3-Creative Industries Economic Analysis Final report, Enterprise Connect and the Creative Industries
Innovation Centre (CIIC) , Canberra, Australia, June 2009.
4-A Measure of Culture, Cultural experiences and cultural spending in New Zealand, Statistics New
Zealand, Ministry for Culture and Heritage, June 2003.
5-Hill,Kelly, Government Spending on Culture in Canada: 1992-93 to 2002-03, Strategies Research Inc.
Report prepared for the Canadian Conference of the Arts.
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2008 - 2002
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10,527
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6,988
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5,077
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225,590
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420,783
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10.6 .2008
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12.6
16.2
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36.900
1.3
27.5
13.1
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18.2
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7.9
133.307
0.0
32.4
0.4
9.4
26.3
23.8
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23.368
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42.4
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30.3
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23.797
0.8
76.5
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2.0
11.4
3.8
38.867
73.2
6.7
1.6
7.5
7.4
3.5
79.360
0.3
64.3
21.9
1.0
0.2
11.7
0.6
9.426
0.0
14.6
5.8
12.6
23.9
11.9
4.2
6.830
20
0.0
88.7
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2.9
0.9
5.4
0.8
0.979
0.0
92.2
1.4
2.8
1.6
1.6
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1.811
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15.1
1.8
11.0
20.1
46.5
5.5
UNESCO World Report, Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue, 2009 :
:
1 - UNESCO World Report, Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue, 2009.
14

/
2006 - 2001
0.223
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39.0
13.2
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46.0
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0.247
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83.7
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3.5
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12.4
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12.104
20
1.3
53.0
34.6
2.8
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2.9
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1.906
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85.0
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0.8
6.6
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10.929
0.0
79.5
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0.8
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12.1
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1.474
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14.0
81.8
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10.663
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1.6
6.4
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70.1
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0.0
92.0
8.0
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30.352
30
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1.7
88.6
0.0
3.5
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0.159
21.3
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48.4
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38.8
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9.8
0.0
UNESCO World Report, I N V E S T I N G I N C U L T U R A L D I V E R S I T Y A N D I N T E R C U L T U R A L D I A L O G U E, 2009 :
( )15 ()16
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2002
2008

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2010
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2008 ( ) 12
4.760 . 1 - 15
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2008

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2002 2008
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2008
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2006

46
15

47
( 2008 - 2002 f.o.b . )
1 - 15 2008
204,948
233,400
269,311
298,549
324,407
370,298
406,992
11.53
127,903
140,884
158,144
171,023
185,895
211,515
227,103
10.02
75,835
91,124
109,267
125,321
136,100
156,043
176,211
13.55
1,210
1,392
1,920
2,206
2,413
2,741
3,678
18.76
4,464
301
293
304
33
384
447
1,185
26.72
37
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703
190
159
162
178
178
207
217
6.73
106
129
138
150
202
237
262
16.97
448
561
821
2,363
1,328
4,444
5,318
26.94
16
10
14
26
21
32
56
54
21
25
36
18
18
45
22.56
17
27
15
206
307
471
311
522
514
1,532
2,915
4,760
59
110
156
217
245
203
196
11.61
148
125
154
170
188
218
278
15.74
14
19
56
263
241
Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option, UNCTAD/UNDP :

.

2002 2008 .
( )1-15

% 48
( )$
2003
4,760
1,17
44,77
24
0,09
-7,09
1,84
48,80
0,13
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2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

2008 - 2003
Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option. UNCTAD/UNDP

.

( )15( )16

2002
2008

.

.

.
.
( )19

.

.
42
135

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.

2006.2012
( )20

2006 .2012

% 48

.

42 135

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48
16

49
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17
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225,590
250,160
284,624
317,175
337,506
402,452
420,783
11.15
187,170
205,869
230,741
250,975
266,902
306,808
317,058
9.18
239,820
36,692
41,842
50,492
62,090
65,426
88,370
93,721
17.90
134,982
185,605
1,728
2,448
3,391
4,110
5,178
7,274
10,003
31.40
1,043
1,729
2,257
714
943
1,118
1,277
1,350
1,754
2,381
18.83
91
98
120
125
117
183
224
306
253
230
296
6.75
522
290
380
435
488
560
796
799
17.56
14
10
12
16
22
33
25
102
98
307
380
459
482
537
625
657
11.64
74
87
107
108
75
84
128
2.42
1,507
1,439
1,903
7,757
3,744
11,829
11,440
43.73
113
120
197
7,182
466
7,665
10,000
63.70
112
108
106
143
121
148
13
11
721
873
14
66
127
150
180
227
304
390
90.57
27
10
26
46
49
90
93
52.73
360
470
628
636
13
837
896
1,046
1,286
1,386
1,494
24
30
44
92
155
166
4,977
7,467
9,442
6,882
6,836
9,471
146
160
270
416
455
455
457
21.82
29
39
68
88
162
350
260
53.81
285
268
329
306
260
301
380
4.19
27
34
45
45
51
108
161
35.00
40
48
91
61
55
12
24
21
42
62
68
Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option, UNCTAD/UNDP
375,845
442,610
558,225
637,446
709,923
711,244
727,116
9.94
255,276
299,762
329,491
370,069
324,115
324,272
4.52
256,206
305,502
336,889
384,238
399,588
15.84
2,453
2,965
2,891
3,256
12.42
99
120
409
21.79
19
65.42
237
25.97
*
. ( )
.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

2008 - 2003
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

2008-2003

51

50
18 * ( 2008-2002 c.i.f . )

399,738
464,050
574,898
650,448
700,896
717,956
738,569
9.15
313,406
349,354
421,776
454,449
486,522
479,397
482,958
6.10
84,002
111,394
148,359
188,327
202,224
222,417
235,918
15.48
2,330
3,302
4,764
7,672
12,150
16,141
19,692
45.18
906
1,163
1,500
1,729
1,658
2,044
3,230
18.68
296
392
507
641
522
568
843
11.99
871
367
423
598
715
713
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1,030
17.96
122
43
242
348
395
374
423
421
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4.44
1,688
1,957
2,575
13,876
5,449
18,595
19,991
37.36
99
129
119
127
96
116
496
850
83
39
153
157
178
334
425
50.81
275
371
508
793
1,123
1,316
1,621
2,782
3,221
3,767
9,609
11,411
17,113
139
208
323
471
620
969
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37.54
243
265
359
327
319
426
575
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60
62
128
108
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41
69
77
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.
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104
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53
52
106
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126
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122
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53
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na
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011, Beyond the Downturn, World Economic Forum
Number of World Heritage cultural sites and Oral &Intangible Heritage | 2010.
Sports stadium capacity per million population | 2010.
Number of international fairs and exhibitions held in the country annually | 200709 average.
Exports of creative industries products as a share of world total in such exports | 2008.
2012
2 ." ".
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.

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2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

2008-2003
19
: ( 135)

52
20
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( 2006 )2012
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:
2 - 21
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
()CAGR
07 - 12
69
74
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83
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85
% 1.5
89
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92
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96
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515
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552
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559
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647
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64
73
102
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107
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116
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125
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136
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123
161
257
312
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395
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486
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% 12.2 % 12.7 % 12.2
% 16.5
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2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
()CAGR
07 - 12
14
15
22
21
22
24
25
%10
231
267
385
388
416
450
489
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30
33
45
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46
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51
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58
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73
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312
359
514
515
552
599
647
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( )
ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012
1-21
3 - 21
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
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10
11
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45
49
56
58
63
66
70
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83
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92
96
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64
73
102
107
116
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2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
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10
12
16
16
18
19
20
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58
81
85
93
101
109
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125
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55
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26
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112
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17
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11
13
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123
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257
312
395
442
486
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5 - 21
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
44
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58
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504
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45
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12
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23
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.
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07 - 12
( )
27
27
33
31
30
29
32
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Volunteers
Hobbyists
OECD
1-C. Gordon, John and Beilby-Orrin, Helen, International Measurement of the Economic and Social Importance of Culture, Statistics Directorate, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD ,
Paris , Draft: 2006.
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
()CAGR
07 - 12
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
()CAGR
07 - 12

56
22

57
250
75
125
190
25
55
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72
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116
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43
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271
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176
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382
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.
12
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2007 2011
600

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Arab FTA Industry
FTV channels
Advertising
700
600
2000
1800
1600
1400
600
500
450
400
1200
372
300
1000
295
800
600
200
100
0
** :
.
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
400
200
0
TV Advertising Revenues USD mn

2007

( % 41
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.
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.

23
2007 2012
.

.

200
2006

60
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Source: Arab Media Outlook 2009-2013
150
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.

.
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.
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59

58
2006 2012
24
13

Dubai International Film Festival
175
178
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182
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186
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191
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196
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202
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472
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481
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490
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499
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507
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514
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233
234
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235
% 0.5
236
% 0.4
237
% 0.4
238
% 0.4
239
% 0.3
% 0.4
163
167
% 2.0
170
% 2.2
174
% 2.4
179
% 2.5
183
% 2.7
189
% 3.0
% 2.6
1,722
1,756
% 2.0
1,800
% 2.5
1,838
% 2.1
1,868
% 1.6
1,890
% 1.2
1,913
% 1.2
% 1.7
1,874
1,907
% 1.8
1,938
% 1.6
1,965
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1,990
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2,015
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2,037
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% 1.3
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:
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8.5
3.1
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6.5
2.3
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UNESCO World Report, Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue, 2009, Paris.
700
168
181
141
700
2000
114
98
700
76
700

2004
700
2000
600
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.

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( )25

2000
700
700
2000
2009
2000
2008
2007
2006
2004
2005
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( )13

60
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27

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2005 - 2000
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2011
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26
18
202
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2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
()CAGR
07 - 12
Admisions
No. of Films

61

60
2008 2012
28
14

25 2006

( )
()%
()%
()%
()%
()%
:
1.8
% 72
2.5
% 97
3.3
% 126
3.9
% 150
4.4
% 166
4.8
% 178
5.1
% 187
% 15.3
0.9
% 107
1.1
% 118
1.4
% 130
3.9
% 133
4.4
% 130
1.9
% 124
1.9
% 116
% 11.9
19.8
% 83
28.2
% 116
32.4
% 130
35.1
% 138
37.0
% 141
38.4
% 143
39.4
% 143
% 7.0
5.5
% 130
7.6
% 169
9.0
% 189
10.0
% 200
10.7
% 203
11.2
% 199
11.4
% 193
% 8.5
26

() 2004
4,9
3,3
1,3
4,8
1,2
7,2

.
.
.

.

.

.

60.0%
200
50.0%
150
40.0%
Direct Spend/1.000 people
Attended Culture
)Log. (Direct Spend/1.000 people
)Linear (Attended Culture
30.0%
20.0%
100
50
0
lg
i
Be um
lg
D ium
en
m
a
A rk
u
Th
Sw stri
e
a
N
et ede
he
n
rla
n
Fi ds
nl
an
Fr d
an
ce
G Spa
er in
m
U
ni S any
te lo
d ve
K n
in ia
gd
o
C
ze Es m
ch to
Re nia
pu
Po blic
rt
ug
a
La l
H tvi
un a
ga
ry
Ita
Ir ly
e
Li lan
th d
ua
n
G ia
re
e
Po ce
l
Sl and
ov
ak
ia
M
Ro alta
m
a
Bu nia
lg
ar
ia
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2.5
% 79
2.8
% 84
3.0
% 87
5.9
% 90
6.4
% 93
3.6
% 95
3.8
% 97
% 6.6
70.0%
250
Be
0.9
% 115
1.1
% 146
1.3
% 165
1.4
% 174
1.5
% 180
1.5
% 184
1.6
% 185
% 7.0
80.0%
300
Source: Eurobarometer 67.1/KEA 2006

Note
The best fit line for direct spend is a logarithmic curve, meaning that increasing spend per head by any given amount has a greater effect if a countrys current spend is low.

% 0.11

2011
% 1.1
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( )29 (.)30
29
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( )
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1428 /27
1429 /28
1430 /30
1432 /31
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1.920.3
1.956.9
2.101.6
2.151.8
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1.690.470
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:
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
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90.0%
350

63

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2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.1
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2.4
2.1
3.9
31.3
32.8
32.4
33.1
27.0
3.7
4.2
5.4
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2.3
2.6
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29.7
26.9
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1.2
1.2
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4.7
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3.7
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6.4
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: 2011 .
Development TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE IN THE ARAB REGION, Arab Development
Challenges Report 2011, Regional Centre for Arab States, Cairo Programme, United Nations.
( WTO (World Trade Organization

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2004
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A SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE OF THE MEDIA INDUSTRY IN DUBAI, Dubai SME, An Agency of
the Department of Economic Development, Government of Dubai, 2010, www.sme.ae .
Creative Industries Economic Analysis Final report, Enterprise Connect and the Creative Industries Innovation Centre (CIIC), op.cit.
Creative Industries Technology Strategy 2009-2012, Technology Strategy Board, UK,2009, www.innovateuk.org.
CREATIVE INDUSTRIES CLUSTER STUDY, STAGE ONE REPORT, Australia.
FINANCING THE ARTS AND CULTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate General
Internal.
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Harabi, Najib, Copyright-Based Industries in Arab Countries, University of Applied Sciences, Northwestern
Switzerland, 26 February 2004, Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4392/.
Harabi, Najib, Knowledge Intensive Industries: Four Case Studies of Creative Industries in Arab
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" Cybrarians Journal 21
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79

80
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15

1-Creative economy report 2010 ,op. cit.

2-Creative industries, According Creative Economy Report 2010, op. cit.
3-Harabi, Najib, Knowledge Intensive Industries: Four Case studies of creative industries in Arab countries, Prepared of Learning Event on Developing Knowledge Economy strategies to improve competitiveness in the MENA Region, May 17-21-2009 - Alexandria Egypt, second (Final) version, June 2009.
4-Lebanon this week, Byblos Bank 10/7/2012.
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144 24
2013-2012
1- Roger Melki: Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries. World Bank Project: Beirut, July 2007.
2- Creative Economy Report 2010 Published by the United Nations, Conference on trade and Development (UNCTAD).
2012 21 6:56an
22 : .20113- Knowledge Intensive Industries: Four Case Studies of Creative Industries in Arab Countries. May 17-12-2009 AlexandriaEgypt. Prepared by: Najib Harabi, Professor of Economics at the University of Applied Sciences.
North Western Switzerland. Second and final edition, June 09-2009.
4- Creative Economy Report 2010. Statistical annex, part I, World Bank 2010.
( 2007 (.)Creative goods
- 5 : ( 13 ).
- 6 2006 263 20 .2007
7- Copyright Industries in Jordan. Riad al Khouri, BLITT (oxon), Director, MEBA wll, October 2002.
- 8 - ( .2012 ).
- 2010.
Information Technology association IT Industry statistics 2009 -
- 9 :.
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50

.
:

.

2-Melki ,Roger, op. cit.1

600
( 1 )2011
.

.% 69

- ( ).

2
1000

130

.

3 1890 (
6000
) .

.
*.

4

353 *
660 ( )2007
14
.
367
93
54
52
96
68
93
33
81
41
30
28
33
184

2011
600 .
- 1 : .2012
2-Harabi, Najib, Knowledge Intensive Industries, op. cit.
3-Ibid.
- 4 : 2011 .
* :
.

100

!
173

174
175
* Syria Publishing for Science

.
*
.
1-Melki, Roger, Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries, op. cit.
737
4200
600
500
1890511 - 1-
30
50
1 ,3
660
335
130
11
14
265
1
55
< 23
900
()% GDP
0.88 - 3 0.75
)%( 3
0.89 - 3 0.79
)%( 2 ,3
0.2
3.36
> 0.1
> 0.1
0.02 3 0.2
0.02 3 0.1
0.06 3 0.6
0.08 3 0.15
0.39
)%GDP( 2
0.85
)%( 2
0.83
> 0.2
0.08 3 0.15
( 2 )
165.78
- 1 :2012 - .
- .
2- Roger Melki: Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries. Beirut July 2007
3- Knowledge Intensive Industries. World Bank project June 2009. World Bank project, by Najib Harabi, Professor of Economics, University of North Western Switzerland.
UNESCO data center, online 5/6/2009.
- 4 :2010 Creative Economy Report 2010. Published by UNCTAD :
5- Copyright Industries in Jordan by Riad al Khouri, BLITT (oxon), Director, MEBA wll, October 2002.
: ( )5 2002 .
- 6 .

.

- 3.2

1 :

...

*.

.

.

% 80-70

.

% 78

% 3
100 400
% 1 % 1
(
.
)
% 17

.
1000 .
2.2

1900
.

.

55

.

176

.

.

.

""

.

15 % 50
.

.

.

.
.

.

.

.
.

.

.
-

.

.

.

.

.
.
- 3
1.3

250000
1

- 1 .
- 2 .
9
7
.
2
8
( 314
) 150
4

.
% 90
% 95

.

32 .
% 95
% 80
.

1960-1929
500

.
:

353

2007 660
.

.
177

30

.
3-UNESCO Data Center 2009.

4-Ibid

178

.

.

1998
:

2007
:

(
)

.

2010 8
.

.

- 1 .
- 2 .

-

.

1
(
450 500
)...

West Beirut

.

.

20

4 .

.
2
3
.

:

.

.
1

()
() ...

() ....
7

.
2010

(
-).

.DVD

.

.

2 64
% 0.29
% 64

% 7.69
% 10.43
.% 7.26
2743 .

3

.

2010

.
- 1 2011 .
2-Melki, Roger, Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries, op. cit.
179

180
10
181
2.3
( )
21
20-57
2
32- 5 20
2, 5
()
0.25 - 0.3
( )
)(GDP
>> 0.1
64
0.29 -3 0.37
>> 0.1
214
10 - 38
21
12
14
8 - 10
( )2010
1 3 5 7
()100%
)6 (2006
<%70
12

% 0.1
1

%0.1
- 3 . 2011
- 4 .
25 - 30
)3 (2009
94
1 5
220
3
1-Melki, Roger, Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries, 2007.

2-Harabi, Najib, Knowledge Intensive industries, 2009 and UNESCO Data Center 2009..
5-UNESCO Data Center, Film production, last data available 2009.

- 6 ( ).
- 7 ( ).
15

2010

12
48
8
.
- 1 .
150 - 1 2 114
14
2-614
15
11
48

6
2
19

1
2
12

3
3
8
.

. 3.3

1 :

.
.

.

.

.
.

2 :
.

.

2010 :
.

.

.
.
2 1
( )

11
2010

182

DVD

.
.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.
.

DVD
.

.

.
4 :

1.4 :
1.1.4

1975

1992
.

...

....

:

()ALBA

( )Betty Tawtal
.

4 2012

( )Yass

.
10 2012

.

50
1
150000
25 35
30
.. . 1
( )

(

50 ).

2743

% 0.29

% 0.1
.
20

4

.
183
2.1.4

2008 .2010

22010

.
- 1 .
- 2 .

184
185
3.1.4

( )

50
.

.

.

.
4.1.4
1 :
2 :
.

.

.

.

.

.
.

.
(
)
.

.
.
.

2.4 :

1.2.4
.

2.2.4

.

.

.

.

50
.

.

3.2.4

1 :

.
.

.

.

27
.
2002 11
2005 10

*.

*
.

186
187
.
.
2 :
3.4 :
1.3.4

.

.

.
- 1 .

.
100 120
2 3 5
20 :
La notta

. Forward studio

% 80
% 90

% 50
.
120
% 40
2
.

*

10 25 .

.

20

( )Virgin CD-Theque
% 80-70

.

.

.
.

.
.
.

.

.

.

4800

: -

.
EDMGY

( )FFEM
.
1

:

.

7
.

1125.5
72.2
% 0.33 .
1237
2400 % 0.22
.2

.

.
""
% 80
%90

% 50

.

120

% 40

2 4

.
1-Melki, Roger, Copyright based industries, op.cit.

- 2 2011 "" .
3-Najjar, George, Creative industries in Lebanon, AUB, 2007

188
189
12
()%
0.33 - 1 0.39
>> 0.01 - 2 0.1
()%
0.19 - 1 0.30
>> 0.08 - 2 0.1
0.01 - 2 0.1
0.04 - 2 0.1
3
3
* 2012

.
1 2011 .2- Najib Harabi: Knowledge Intensive Industries four case studies of creative industries in Arab countries: June 2009.
3- Copyright industries in Jordan by Riad al Khouri, BLITT, Director, MEBA October 2002.

34
3.4
% 40

% 30
% 30 % 28

.
2.3.4
1 :
.
.
- 4 .
2 :
.

2 3
.

.

.

.

%0.1

% 0.1 .

.

.

( % 15 7
)
% 80
% 90 60
.
1-Najjar, George, Creative Industries in Lebanon,op.cit.

2-Ibid.
3-Ibid.

.

....

*

1982
21/

.
2012 60

-

...
.

.

1960
60 .
.

.

.

.
.

280 1

.
2
% 15
( 7 )
% 80 % 90
60 .
( )Virgin
%55 % 25
CD-Theque la
maison du disque .
.

.
.

190
191

.
5
1.1.5

45

8

.

.

.

()LBCI
MBC
.
* ( )Future TV ( ( National Broadcasting Network

( )New TV ( )OTV (Orange TV
.
* )MTV (Morr Television Tl Lumire
:

ART .
- 2.1.5

1
124

74
% 0.35 ( )GDP
13
1.5

( )LBCI
)
(
LBC...*.

:

*

....

.

% 70
% 20

.

""

7stars josat
.

....

3892
% 0.35 .

.

/2
18
19
95
97

()Internet radio station
10

()%
90.0
53.3
()%
90
()%
10
100
100
()%
90
33.3
40
()%
70
30
40

()%
>30
100
>20

()%
>50
75
>20
()%
8.3
()%
12.5
11.4
()%
()%
70
11.4
75

2-UNESCO Data Center Available Data in radio and Television. last available data 2005.

192

.

19
1

800
( 5

)
350

(
... )
700.
3.1.5
1 :
:

....

.

.
.
- 1 .
2 :

.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.

.
.

.

.
.

.
2.5
1.2.5

.

:
- (
14
1 / 2

()%
()%
1- .2011
( )
42
( )
38
1722
19
( )
800
( )
350
( )
600
(GDP) 2 0.34 - 1 0.40
0.35 - 1 0.42
2- Melki, Roger, Copyright based industries in Lebanon 2007.

124

74
% 0.35
( )GDP

.
193

194
195
2 (Advertising
:)Agencies
240

155 10
% 50 .

3
:
. . .
. . . .
(Media Agencies & Media

:)Buying Units: MBU
145

.3
4:)Regies( 3

.
1 5
:

...
- 1 .Arab ad February 2011

- 2 .
3-Najjar, George, Creative Industries in Lebanon, op.cit.
5 :
:

.
:
.
:

.
.
:

: .
: .

: .
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
3
.)...
. ..

...
.
. . . .
.
-
1
(Lebanese Syndicate for
Advertising Agencies: LSAA):

1 .2

""

.

.
2.2.5

.

4250
( )2007 2006 2005
5 1500 6

7
0.08
( )Turn over
58
33.64
% 0.17
- 1 .Arab ad February 2011

- 3 ( ( )RLP ).
4-www.opportunities.com.lb.
6-www.opportunities.com.lb.
- 7 .IAA

196
15
197
2015 3.2.5
10 - 2150
31
0.02

% 42

% 24.2 %7.2
% 20
% 8
.% 1.5
0.08
0.17 - 50.2

% 100
% 80 .

(
)
.

.% 0.02
% 0.17

.

.
7

% 42 % 24.2
% 7.2 % 20
0.07
250 - 4174.6
110
% 8 .% 1.5

4 % 0.23
% 0.97
.
% 12
2011 ...
% 30
% 45 % 45
% 85

.

% 46 2009
% 42 2011

% 4 .
14

% 5.0

1- Creative Industries in Lebanon 2007. George Najjar, PhD dean of Olayan School of Business
in AUB
- 2 .2007
3- www.opportunities.com.lb
- 4 : " "2011-2015
.2012/5/29
- 5 2011 (.)UNCTAD
- 6 50% .
- 8 " " .
16
1 :

.
.
.% 100
-
( 1 ) 2010
174.6
( )
54.8
41.5
()%
37.8
37.8
( )
40
30.3
()%
27.6
27.6
( )
24.8
18.8
()%
17.1
17.1
( )
10.2
7.7
()%
( )
10.1
7.6
()%
( )
5.3
4.07
()%
3.7
3.7
( )...
29.4
110
- 1 " " " "2015-2011 .
/ 2
()%

1
)(% GDP

) (

% 37 % 5

% 5.9

.

174.6
110
( 2012
) :

% 0.23

% 0.97
.

%12
2011

% 85

198
199

.

:

.

.

.

*
/
2012 " "
( )Art Beirut 43 200

.

" "Glasstress

" "
" ..."1989 17 18/
2012 .
2
*

3 85

150 3

315
5 .

.
7

4 1200 % 100:

1 .

2 .
45.
3 .

4 .
5 .
5

:
45 .
6Beirut Fashion, :

Wedding folies Lebanon
Syriology: Modern Syria :
Fashion.
Photography Studio Aiham Dib Free
7 : (
Eye.
)
* :
Art Circle AUB GalleryArt Factoum .
: ... :
.

* .
1-Melki, Roger, Economic Contribution of Copyright industries, op.cit.

* Free hand Gallery Syria art .
2-Melki, Roger, Economic Contribution of Copyright industries, op.cit.
3-Ibid.
4-Ibid.
5-Ibid.

% 46
2009 % 42
2011

% 4
.
2 :

.
.
.

.
.

.

.
6 :

1.6
*
2

.
2.6
885
1865
. 255

630 .
85
% 5

.

71.4
51
% 0.3-0.77 ()GDP
% 0.2-0.17
.
.
.
.
- .
.
3.6
3 1

200
201
Fashion
magazine.
Lebanon
1.7 :

:
1
(.)Haute Couture
2
(.)Ready to wear
3
.
4 :
.
1

568

6987 424
.
1.1.7

2.1.7

40
""

1- Najjar, George, Creative Industries in Lebanon, op.cit.


%
%
%5

.

80 200

.
( )
.

% 77 % 64
% 14
% 20
0.17 - 1 0.2

%

)(GDP
0.27 - 1 0.3
0.03

.

.
"
".
3.1.7
()Lingerie
% 100
. % 30

100

.
1 .2011 2 .Roger Melki: Economic Contribution of Copy right Industries 2006

3 .
4- Information Technology Association, Jordan IT Industry Statistics 2007.
- 5 .Syria links 2011-2012

.
% 75

% 15-20.

30 70

70 100
200
.

(

)... 15 25
100

.

2
.
17

202
203
4.7 :

18

4.1.7

.

" "
- 3.7
( 100

)

.
5 10

.

2.7

.

. .

.
1

105.1 /
2012
.
61.4

9

.

.

7000
1

.

.
2

5424
6458

7896
.

.

2400
6458
1200
7896
- 1 .
- 2 : 2012.
.2012
- 3 :

204
205
5.7 :
.

1 :

.

.

(
) .

2 :

.

.

.
.
1

% 13.9 .
.

.

.

.

- 1 .2011
- 1 .Syria Links: 2011 2012
1.8
.
.

.

.

.
527
374

(
) % 50

7
"" " " "
" ""

.

.

.

1

...

RSS
( )Royal Scientific Society

.1999

REACH "
" (Jordan Computer

206
207
2.8

2456
1-Melki, Roger, Economic Contribution of Copy right Industries,op.cit.

:

% 0.1

1-Ibid.

%12
% 4.09
% 9
% 6
% 8.5

% 39

.
% 0.5-0.39

% 0.22
% 0.1 .
- 2 - 2012 .
- 2010 - -.
3-Harabi, Najib, Creative Industries, op.cit.
4-Al Khouri, Riad, Copyright industries in Jordan, op.cit.
- 5 2012 "" .
- 6 2012 ..
)Society

.

()IT Industry Association

.

.

.

"
" (RSS
Computer Technology, Training
)& Industrial Studies Center

" "RSS

.

.

.

% 1.2
.% 8

1
% 69
% 15

%16

% 0.22 .
2
32000 4
2002 % 0.17
511234
(
)... 16000

% 1.8
.
35000
.

1500

.

6
900 2007
.% 3

2012
""
738
2011 % 1
.

230.5 2011
% 14
500
% 18.5
.2005

2012

2010
"
""2012

% 12 % 4.09
% 9
% 6 % 8.5

% 39
.

208
19
209

()I T market
234
225
318
()%
1.2
1.2
()%
()Hardware market
122
113
151
()services
70
70
104
65
65
80
()Software
42
42
62
()P C's market
95
88
118
( )Server
27
25
33
()Web Design
10
10
20

)(system design,project solutions and data bases
12
14
25
/( )
20

% 0.5-0.39
.
% 0.22 % 0.1
.

3.8
...
1 :

62
2012 46 .
.2007
,
% 20

% 20
.
.
(1)Lebanon Information Technology Report 2008: Published by Business Monitor International
(BMI) Ltd. LONDON.
( .Estimation and forecasts- 2 )
2 :
2004
2007
2012
.
.
.
.

.
.

.

.

.
-
21.062.136
%3.07
28.197.181
%14.32
13.515.442
%1.97
3.465.575
%1.76
12.623.560
%1.84
4.903.002
%2.49
68.606
%0.01
39.382
%0.02
11.663.072
%1.7
7.423.420
%3.77
6.792.024
%0.99
6.143.520
%3.12
2.126.795
%0.31
925.466
%0.47
205.819
%0.03
10.455.798
%5.31
Hardware
209.729.478
%30.57
20.517.781
%10.42
1 - 2012 . - 2010.

210

% 4.75

% 4.7 .

.

.

.
.

.

.

.
.

.

- 9

.

.

.

:
- 1

21
/

()%

()%
0.22 - 3 0.26
24
0.22 4 0.17 5 1.8
32
> 0.1
> 0.1

.
- 2

""

.
- 3

.
0.39 - 3 , 20.45
0.04 2 , 5 0.4
( ) ( )
( )
( )
230.5
55
1
110
65
- 4

.

- 5

.
- 6

.

1- Roger Melki: Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in Lebanon.

2- Najib Harabi: Creative Industries, a four case of Arab Countries 2009.
: 3- Creative Economy Report 2010. Published by UNCTAD 2012
4- Riad al Khouri, BLiTT (oxon) Director, MEBA wll Copyright industries in Jordan, October
2002.
- 5 - 2012 .
- 2010.
- : .2012
- 6
.
- 7 .

% 20
% 10 % 20

.
0.5-
% 0.39
% 0.22
% 0.1
.
211

212
213

:

( )...

.
.

.

.

.

.

(
.)...

% 4.75
% 4.7
.

.
.
. .
.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

214

.
.2009
2011 2010
.2012
.
Analysis of the UIS International Survey on future films,
Information Street No1, UNESCO Institute for statistics (2009-2012).
Book distribution in the Arab World, Riyadh, 2009.
Building knowledge economy: advanced strategies for development, World Bank institute, Washington DC, 2007.
Creative Economy report 2008: The Challenge of Assessing
the Creative Economy Towards Informed Policy Making,
United Nations, Geneva, 2008.
E. SIWEK, Stephan, The Economic Contribution of Copyright
- Based Industries in USA, Economist Incorporated, 2004.
Guide on surveying the Economic Contribution of the
Copyright-Based industries, The World Intellectual property
organization (WIPO), publication No 893E, 2003.
Knowledge Economy index (KEI) 2012 Ranking , World Bank.
National Studies on Assessing the Economic Contribution of
the Copyright-based Industries, Creative Industries Series No.
1, The World Intellectual property organization (WIPO), Geneva,
2006.
Solimano, Andr, The International Mobility of Talent and its
Impact on global development: An Overview, UN ECLAC, 2005.
Understanding Creative Industries: Cultural Statistics for
Public Policy Making, UNESCO, 2008.
UNESCO Data Center, Online 2009, 2012.
World Bank, Statistics Center.

217
21

218
219
. 1
. 2

. 1 . 2
. :

. :

Knowledge-based Economy

.

" "

.

.

.

.

.

(

)

.

.

.

% 60
% 30
% 95 .
2010
285

.

% 5

% 4.6
2008 % 4-3
2009 2010

.

220
221
()2011
.2012-2010
:
( )
10.3
34.9
6.4
32.0
% 1.0
% 1.4
% 0.8
% 1.0
28.9
26.2
25.9
26.3
:
( )
40.2
140.8
60.4
90.8
3,852
4,027
9,529
2,865
% 4.0
% 2.0
% 2.7
% 2.2
% 6.2
% 5.8
% 3.9
% 5.5
% 6.2
% 5.8
% 3.9
% 5.5
1Klugman, J., Human Development Report 2011 :

1-Klugman, J. Human Development Report 2011, Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for
All, United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY 10017, USA,2011.

..

.

% 95 % 25
% 80
.

.

.

2003

.

.

(
)
(.)1

(
) ( )2

( .)2012-2010

.

.

.

2010 2012 2011
2012 2011
2010
2010 2012 2011
5.4
5.6
12.5
12.5
12.5
2.3
2.5
2.9
5.0
2.5
...
...
...
3.2
3.3
3.8
0.9
2.5
13.0
14.7
14.4
3.1
0.0
3.9
4.4
3.5
4.0
9.8
9.5
3.3
2.9
3.3
3.9
3.9
4.3
10.0
...
4.1
6.5
3.6
5.4
5.4
5.3
10.0
...
5.1
1.2
1.8
11.7
11.1
11.3
9.0
10.4
11.5
3.7
4.6
4.6
1.0
1.5
2.7
9.1
9.0
8.9
4.4
4.0
3.6
6.8
9.9
7.6
...
...
...
1IMF,2011 :
1-World Economic Outlook, World Economic & Financial Survey, International Monetary
Fund, Publication Services, Washington D.C., USA, September 2011.

222
223

.

.

(:)Aubert& Reiffers,2003

*.

% 4.3
0.68
0.01
0.52
69.64
5.30
% 52.0
5.40
% 2.8
0.68
...
0.59
71.66
4.20
% 40
4.50
% 5.6
0.76
...
0.50
...
...
....
...
% 5.0
0.57
0.14
0.69
71.37
5.20
% 29.0
4.90
1World Bank,2012 :
* ( ,)7-1 . ( )7 .
1-Knowledge Assessment Methodology ,WBI Themes, Knowledge for Development, World Bank,2012.
. 2 . 2

.

% 6 .

.
( )3

.

.

.

% 3
.

.
.

.

.

.

World Economic Forum

/

.

"

" Global Competitiveness Index

(GCI)I
.

.

.

1
.
1-Sala-i-Martin, X., The Global Competitiveness Report 20112012, World Economic Forum,
Geneva,2012.

224
225

( -)4

-

.

.2012-2011
( )6
.

.

.

( )5

.

.

.

.

.

.

(
) ( )7

( )

43
3.87
52
4.16
37
3.58
136
2.65
135
2.93
132
2.37
135
2.62
136
2.86
131
2.38
79
3.40
80
3.78
80
3.02
World Economic Forum,2010,2012 :
.2012-2011
42
5.08
41
4.54
52
4.36
38
5.33
38
6.09
3.81 63 3.82 58
75
4.44
127
3.11
93
3.43
19
5.72
82
5.50
88
4.20
111
3.34
95
3.22
5.72
115
4.53
4.35 47 2.83 120 2.64 137 3.41 137 3.38 134 3.51 101 3.53 122
3.64 69 2.87 114 2.99 130 2.81 139 3.20 134 3.63 95 3.19 127
54
4.74
59
3.98
69
3.95
25
5.65
93
5.38
4.67 44 4.11 58
3.62 98 3.86 83
3.97 106 4.42 44
3.52 132 4.15 76
3.99 76
4.16 62
4.03 57 3.69 66

226
227
7
.2012

2012
87
*1
3.96
75
4.44
122
3.35
136
2.65
3.74
88
4.20
127
3.19
135
2.62
54
4.74
83
3.86
79
3.40
5.66
24
4.82
24
4.62
5.53
5.79
139
2.87
130
2.81
100
73
4.16
17
5.17
16
5.74
6.18
142
2.87
142
2.88
.2012-2011

2012

2012

2011
40
4.47
32
87
3.96
86
3.74
88
75
100
73
4.16
17
5.17
21
5.74
142
2.87
139

( )8

.

* 2012 .2010
* 2012-2011
.2010 2009
.3
40
4.47
42
5.08
58
4.11
43
3.87

( ) .

.

.

.

.

( )

(
)

.

/
:

Priori Knowledge
Empirical Knowledge

Situated Knowledge
Partial Knowledge
Descriptive Knowledge
(
Declarative Knowledge
Propositional Knowledge
Procedural Knowledge
.Inferential Knowledge

.1

:

.

1-Shariffadeen, T.,The Role Of Culture And Values In Enabling Transformation Towards

Knowledge Economies: Lessons From Two Countries, High Level International Conference
on Building Knowledge Economies for job creation, increased competitiveness, and balanced
development, Tunisian Government , ISESCO, & World Bank, Carthage, December 1-3,
2009.

228
229
- 1 . 2006
. :

.
9
( )9

.

.
.

Intellectual
:

Capital

-

.
.

Innovation
:1

. :
Capital
.

. :

.

.
. :

.

.

.

. :

. 1 . 3 -
.

230
231
9
:

:

.

.

:

:

232

..

..

.

.
.
:
:

(- 10

)12

.

10
.

.
.

( )10

.

34
4.73
43
4.04
37
4.84
127
2.41
110
2.63
114
3.43
130
2.31
82
3.18
107
3.59
89
3.38
86
3.10
76
4.09
1Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :
.

.

Mbps
1000
5.6
5.4
5.3
34.1
3.6
27.4
4.2
3.9
3.6
13.5
2.3
.....
4.0
4.4
3.7
5.5
0.2
0.5
5.0
4.8
5.0
32.2
1.5
16.0

100
100
World Economic Forum, 2012 :
12
11
233

(
.)11

( )14

.

.
88 10.65 65
1,394.35
5.39
4.10
30.81 70
12
6.67
0.52 112
0.48 116
91
1,042.19
57
2.97 111 4.29
24.02 79
54
4.47
54
4,018.76
66
4.18
3.40
55.75 34
....
....
1.41
99
756.62
64
3.16 100 4.19
11.31 103
33
5.22
97
49
91
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :

1-Dutta, S. & I. Mia, The Global Information Technology Report 20092010, ICT for Sustainability,
World Economic Forum, Geneva,2010.

234
13
235
15
5.80
10
4.57
5.40
86
4.37
122
2.79
119
3.26
83
4.40
99
3.22
98
3.66
....
3.96 122 2.40 126 .....
93
4.30
111
4.14
74
3.46
84
3.89
34
4.60
92
4.31
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :
36
3.29
89
0.00
3.28
24
3.83
2.39 131 3.53 126 2.28 127 2.12 118
89
0.02 117 0.00
73
3.19 126 4.23 109 3.14
63
2.11 131 2.81
70
4.76
89
3.04
89
0.00
65
4.36
63
4.93
80
3.24
83
0.03
3.27
2.77
72
60
4.17
40
5.48
75
55
6.96
52
3.40
40
89
5.29
63
4.77
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :

.2012

( .)15

16
14
2012

.

( )

( .)16
103
0.4883
0.4771
0.2886
0.6841
31
11 3.66 52 3.31 43 5.00 25 4.65 33
33.36
20.49 77 5.37 21 4.73 59 4.45
132
0.3608
0.2549
0.1812
0.6463
44 2.57 120 2.66 99 3.28 115 3.20 111 3.01 121
73.74
... 4.08 113 3.58 120 3.69
...
193
0.0000
0.0000
0.3743
0.8502
99
95 116 81 3.93 102 18.52 64 222.27 101 2.77 115 2.21 129 2.23 133 3.19 114 3.49
120
0.4209
0.5425
0.2772
0.4430
96
UN,2012 :
4.62
3.53
29.20 56 4.78 69 4.24 83 29.50 105 245.81 104 2.79 113 2.70 96 4.32 52 3.85 79
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :

236
17
18
5.53
4.89
61.18
4.33
18
33.36
16
4.45
81
25.72 25
65
0.37
3.25 101
2.63 118
2.14 123
61
63.64
3.69
30.76 40 309.84 96
41
0.28
80
3.68
2.43 182
2.25 121
46
61.74
12.46 92
43
0.04
78
3.69
2.86 112
3.33
19
46
80
122.90 90
2.06
....
....
24.58 114
77
50.08
0.81 112 31.12 42
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :

:

.

(
.)17

5.67
4.98
5.24
5.04
0.30
36
23
32
38
112
3.63
116
3.37
127
3.22
118
3.25
118
0.01
61
4.39
103
3.64
105
3.70
116
3.28
64
0.17
74
4.20
96
3.71
72
4.24
97
3.59
77
0.13
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :
19
38
5.17
38
5.39
51
3.27
40
6.32
86
4.19
126
3.17
130
3.54
129
2.19
109
4.71
133
2.54
94
3.90
66
4.81
133
2.12
88
5.35
113
3.70
77
4.31
75
4.65
88
2.71
58
5.97
92
4.05

(
)20 19 18 :

Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :
20

100
100

100
100
1000/
77
84.59
62
9.81
75
2.24
66
27.53
60
11.03
66
92.72
111
1.07
81
1.41
91
11.93
....
....
84
76.71
99
2.19
103
0.16
112
5.13
101
0.50
79
72.19
82
5.70
79
1.53
57
33.04
67
7.95
Dutta, S. & I. Mia, 2010 :
237

238
239
. 4
1- O'Hare, D., Building The Knowledge Society, Report to Government, Information society Commission,
Ireland,2002.
21
Tacit Knowledge

Explicit
Knowledge

Cultural
Knowledge

.

- :1
:
"
" Know-What "
." Know-Why
:
" :
" Know-What "
" Know-Why "
." Know-How
:
"
" Know-How "
." Know-Who

:
" " Know-What
Facts
.

.
.
" " Know-Why
.

.

.

.
" " Know-How
.

.

.

.

.
" " Know-Who

.

.

. "
" " "

.
" "

Pure
Knowledge
Organizational
.Knowledge

.

.
( )21

.

240
241
. 1 . 4

.
Nonaka and
Takeuchi
.1

.

.

/ .

Nonaka
Socialization
" Externalization
Combination
. 5
.Internalization
:3

.
.

1- Neffati, M., ICT, Informational Innovation And Knowledge-Based Economy, Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series
Oeconomica, 14(1), 2012
2- Shavinina, L,The International Handbook on Innovation, 1sted Elsevier, Holland, 2003.
- 3 .

.1

:
: :

:
Tariff And Non-
Tariff Barriers
.
RegulatoryQuality

.

.

.

.

2Shavinina

- .

.

.
. Rule
Of Law

.
: :

.

.
: :
1- Knowledge Assessment Methodology , W B,2012,op.cit.

242
243
:
:
. 1. 5 :

ICT

:

.
:1

.2General Purpose
1- Karlsson, C., Maier, G. & M., Trippl, ICT and Regional Economic Dynamics: A Literature Review, EUR 24510 EN ,
European Commission, 2010.
2- Ibid
. 1 . 1. 5

.% 30

.

.

.

.

.

.Customization

. 1

61532
15836 .

9975
1130.

.2 % 50

.% 50

( .)22
(
)

1- ITU, ICT Adoption And Prospects In The Arab Region 2012, International Telecommunication Union, Place des
Nations, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland,2012 .
2- Ibid

244
22
245

11
21
....
ITU,2012 :

91.0

%11.4 %8.2
%19.3 %8.4

()% 1.1
( )% 1.6

% 2.6

.%4.8

.

.

.
.2 . 1 . 5

.

:

2011 350
126
.2006
% 96.7

.% 86.7

91.0
% 108

% 94.4 % 171.5
% 108.9 ) .

.

% 10
.% 16.6

% 11.4 % 8.2
% 19.3 . )% 8.4

.
% 2.2 2011
.
% 25.8
23
ICT Development Index (IDI)I

11 (
.) 24
.2011

()
. 3 . 1 . 5

:
% 1.1 % 1.6

.% 2.6

.% 4.8

48
2011
% 13.3
% 8.5 .

6
%1.1
% 0.0 3.2%

(% 42.7 .)23
()

.

()
1,745
% 22.1
% 145.2 11,180
825.2
% 10.7
4,384
% 58.4
5,859
% 78.0
228
% 18.1
1,537
% 118.9
67.6
% 12.1
268
% 21.3
694
% 55.0
1,198.4
% 11.4
% 108.9 11,478
505
% 4.8
112
% 1.1
3,857
% 36.8
2,923
% 8.2
33,737
% 2.5
000
% 0.0
4,433
% 12.5
4,490
% 16.2
% 198.1 55,008
1,700
% 6.1
15,855
% 57.8
11,254
% 41
298.1
% 16.4
2,329
% 132.4
152
% 5.7
499
% 28.4
1,435
% 81.6
1,228
% 19.3
% 171.5 10,900
73
% 1.1
2,714
% 42.7
890
% 14.0
9,275
% 11.0
76,432
% 96.6
1,450
% 1.8
5,155
% 6.4
21,692
% 27.0
3,646
% 11.4
% 108.9 34,975
528
% 1.6
3,203
% 10.0
15,656
% 49.0
1,046
% 4.4
% 46.1
84
% 0.4
...
% 0.0
2,971
% 12.4
11,085
900,000 % 94.4
ITU,2012 :

246
247
24 .*2010 - 2008

2008

2010
3.29
73
3.83
73
65
2.5
0.8
3.2
3.4
5.63
32
6.19
32
71
3.0
1.5
3.4
4.0
5.16
42
5.45
45
...
....
...
...
...
...
2.98
82
3.43
84
117
12
9.6
9.2
14.3
5.1
2.41
12
105
2.82
12
103
4.13
55
5.42
46
2.66
10
96
3.09
11
96
4.50
48
5.60
44
3.12
77
3.57
79
2.84
81
...
...
...
2.73
92
3.28
10
91
2.60
11
100
3.29
90
1.49
13
127
1.72
13
127
ITU,2012 :

.

. 4 . 1 . 5

*

2010

2007 2008 .
25
ITU,2012 :

.

(.)ITU,2012

( )25 (
35 )% 50

.

26
2010-2000
2007
( )

%
2001
2002
2003
675,678 626,579 495,886

27.96
26.36
7.84
2010
1,966,514 1,173,110
73.53
40.35
2011
2,267,233,742
15.29

248
249
. 2 . 5

2011
2,267,233,742
% 28.7
2012

2011
2000
2012
6,508,271
127,300
1,987,400
% 30.5
% 0.09
5,148,664
735,000
3,555,100
% 69.0
% 0.16
1,214,705
40,000
694,009
% 57.1
% 0.03
10,629,186
100,000
3,856,984
% 36.3
% 0.17
34,994,937
50,000
4,700,000
% 13.4
% 0.21
26,131,703
200,000
11,400,000
% 43.6
% 0.50
45,047,502
30,000
4,200,000
% 9.3
% 0.19
22,517,750
30,000
4,469,000
% 19.8
% 0.20
30,399,572
12,500
1,303,760
% 4.3
% 0.06
3,027,959
90,000
1,741,804
% 57.5
% 0.08
848,016
30,000
563,800
% 66.5
% 0.02
2,595,628
150,000
1,100,000
% 42.4
% 0.05
4,143,101
300,000
1,367,220
% 33.0
% 0.06
6,597,960
10,000
391,880
% 5.9
% 0.02
82,079,636
450,000
21,691,776
% 26.4
% 0.96
31,968,361
100,000
15,656,192
% 49.0
% 0.69
24,133,492
15,000
2,609,698
% 10.8
% 0.12
337,986,443
2,469,800
81,288,623
% 24.00
% 3.59
6,930,055,154
360,985,492
2,267,233,742
% 32.7
....
)IWS,2012( :
1-E-Commerce & Development Report 2004, UN Conference on Trade & Development, New York & Geneva.
2000
2006
2007
2009
2008
2012
3,856,984 3,500,000 1,765,430 1,618,440 953,000 100,000
4,700,000 4,100,000 3,500,000 2,460,000 1,920,000 50,000
323,000 3,500,000 2,460,000 1,920,000 50,000

4,600,000 1,000,000 100,000
....
27
( )IWS,2012
2003
676,000.000
% 11.8 . 1

28
()2012-2000
391,800
15,656,192 10,442,500
1Internet Statistics,2012 :
% 40.35
.
( )26

.

2012
2000
2012

.
% 5.9 % 13.4

% 36.3
% 49.0 ( 27
.)28

. Face
Book .

.

.
29
.

.
29

2000
2012

% 5.9
% 13.4

% 36.3
% 49.0 .
Facebook

1,554,760
%1
%3
% 95
878,600
%7
%6
% 87
143,960
% 50
% 42
%2
1,767,380
% 11
%6
% 82
2Malin,2010 :
1- Internet world Statistics, Available on URL : www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm,2012.

2-Malin, C., Middle East & North Africa Facebook Demographics, Spot On Public Relations, May 2010.

250
251
. 6

Face
Book

%95
%87 %82
%1
%7
%11 .

% 107

.

( )% 90

% 56
30
13
6.7
35
23.8
61
391.9
62
13.9
54
4.5
....
....
....
....
96
20.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
36
5.2
32
24.2
....
....
93
18.7
1Dutta,2009,2012 :
32
81
0.681
74.3
6.5
11.8
13,359
0.729
84
0.678
72.9
7.2
12.8
8,320
-6
0.716
53
0.755
74.5
7.3
16.5
17,068
-5
0.775
114
0.567
71.8
4.4
10.5
4,628
-10
0.594
0.588
69.1
5.7
10.8
7,861
...
0.610
0.878
80.3
11.3
15.9
37,225
...
0.902
% 110.3 % 107.7 % 108.2
% 07.4
0.717
72.6
8.3
13.8
12,286
...
0.749
% 90.2
% 96.5
% 93.5
% 55.8
0.592
69.3
6.3
11.0
5,134
...
0.634
% 34.4
% 30.6
% 55.7
% 12.9
0.393
56.0
4.1
8.2
-1,490
...
0.445
17.0
23.0
....
26.6
2UNDP,2010 :
0.698
0.698
0.760
0.582
Klugman, J.,(2011), Human Development Report 2011 :
1-Dutta, S. & I. Mia,The Global Information Technology Report 20082009 : Mobility in a Networked World, World
Economic Forum.
Dutta, S., The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth, INSEAD and WIPO 2012.
2-Human Development Report 2010, The Real Wealth of Nations, UNDP,2010.
2011

2 ,2 6 7 ,2 3 3 ,7 4 2
% 28.7

2003
676,000.000
% 11.8
.

( .)30

.

.

.

( .)31
31

252
253
33
2010-1980
1980
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
2010
0.436
0.526
0.568
0.613
0.650
0.677
0.683
0.443
0.537
0.564
0.602
0.651
0.671
0.677
...
...
...
...
0.726
0.749
0.755
...
0.351
0.421
0.450
0.491
0.536
0.562
0.567
Internet Statistics,2012 :
...
...
...
...
65
20.0
62
20.0
544.6 43
73
19.1
94
17.3
...
...
...
...
514.4 63
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
100
6.8
82
24.7
63
22.0
60
22.7
...
...
517.3 61
24.855 109
133
4.3
...
...
94
40.6
Dutta,2009,2012 :
35
31
3239.8
33
1.1
49
50.3
75
419.8
102
0.1
120
24.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
57
934.7
48
0.6
93
37.2
1Dutta,2009,2012 :

GMAT
GMAT
. 2
.7
. 3 Innovation

. 4

. 5
: 1

. 1 /
1-Wikipedia,(2012), Wikipedia Internet Encyclopedia, Available on URL : http://www.wikipwedia.org.

.
.

( )32

(1980-2010 .)33

( ).

( .)34
.
( )35

.
34

254

.

SME

.

. 1 . 7

12

.

128
189
2002
50

.

.

.
:1
:

. :
(

(
)

)..
(

.)...

:

.
.
:

.

1-Karlsson, C., Maier,op.cit.
36
27
13
10
10
13
16
49

:

.

.

2008

.

.
255
ANIMA,2005 :

( .)36

* .

2008
.

.

.

12

.

.

128

189

2002
50
.1

128
189
2002

50

.
Techno Park
.
1-Kamoun, F., Chaabouni, J. & D. Kamugasha, Technology Parks, Incubation Centers, Centers of Excellence: Best
Practices and Business Model Development in North and Southern Africa, Development Information, Science and
Technology (CODIST-I), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28 April 01 May 2009.

256
37
257
39
49
66.3
114
40.6
129
25.4
85
50.4
60
38.0
77
32.5
87
35.30
64
36.7
0.0
64
34.9
95
28.0
102
20.80
73
32.6
105
30.9
114
29.3
129
15.30
93
33.8
82
37.0
92
34.5
116
23.30
124
29.5
69
26.7
108
19.9
107
20.60
80
24.5
46
36.4
136
11.7
120
17.20
102
24.9
3.5
4.3
3.6
4.1
4.5
5.6
2.3
3.1
2.6
2.9
2.9
4.5
0.0
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2.6
2.0
2.6
2.8
3.5
0.0
2.7
3.1
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.5
0.0
Dutta,2009,2012 :
World Economic Forum, 2012 :

.
:

38
2012
59
36.5
56
31.6
64
41.5
59
0.8
124
24.4
134
15.8
101
33.0
136
0.5
119
2.13
125
2.40
110
1.86
...
...
88
30.7
90
24.7
80
36.6
94
0.7
Dutta,2009,2012 :
( )37

. 2 . 7
*

.

124
2011 2012 11
.

2012 59

( )39

.

(
)38 .
*
INSEAD
( .)Dutta,2012
.

2012

258
40
259
41
ISO 9001
55
45.8
70
40.3
20
14.9
103
5.3
100.0
70
2.1
56
1.2
41
0.2
64
5.8
128
22.2
131
20.3
...
...
113
1.6
100
85
1.5
85
0.4
65
0.1
105
1.4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
99
36.5
44
47.1
72
2.6
76
14.9
61
33.3
63
2.3
53
1.3
45
0.2
85
2.7
Dutta,2009,2012 :

...
Dutta,2009,2012 :
. 3. 7

( )40

* .

.

.

.

.
.

( .)41

2011 .2012
:

.

.

.

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.
( )42

.

% 5

.

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)

% 300
% 800
% 2501
.% 1800

260
261
2012
42
- 44
87
36.0
77
15.2
75
47.7
41
36.8
33.4
105
5.6
123
25.5
110
5.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
62
20.5
126
24.8
127
0.0

2011 - 2000
565,004,126
1.302,275,670
% 43.4
% 26.8
% 301.4
509,965,013
1,372,226,042
% 37.2
% 24.2
% 1478.7
164,968,742
423,085,806
% 39.0
% 7.8
% 807.4
92
99,182,000
126,475,664
% 78.4
% 4.7
% 110.7
...
...
82,586,000
253,947,592
% 32.5
% 3.9
% 990.1
74
40.5
75,422,674
94,842,656
% 79.5
% 3.6
% 174.1
Dutta,2009,2012 :
65,365,400
347,002,991
% 18.8
% 3.3
% 2501.2
59,779,525
347,932,305
% 17.2
% 3.0
% 398.2
59,700,000
139,390,205
% 42.8
% 3.0
% 1825.8
39,440,000
71,393,343
% 55.2
% 2.0
% 107.1
Internet World Statistics, 2012 :
43
47 :
165 :
%0.3 :
% 49 :
% 51 :
% 300

!% 1

( .)43

( - 44 )

- 1 : .2011

( - 44) .

(

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.

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2009

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Software

.
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75
3.29
40
5.29
63
4.77
131
2.39
109
4.23
126
3.19
89
3.04
122
3.96
93
4.30
80
3.24
89
4.60
92
4.31
Dutta,2009,2012 :

262

.

( )
% 60
( .)45

.

.

CERIST ANRT
.

. 9

45
.
*2011

12
4
4
4
1
15
.
11
3
6
5
3
12
( )46
14
...
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1
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15

12
3
5
6
2
12

Dutta,2009,2012 :
.
* 20 .
46
:

:

Dutta, 2012 :

% 5

.

(
)
% 300
% 800

% 2501

.% 1800

!% 1
263

264
265
.

:

()47

( )48
47
...
...
...
...
39
59.7
23
60.3
82
3.4
62
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133
18.7
125
27.6
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
95.7
33
0.5
98
44.1
49
53.4
Dutta,2009,2012 :
48
70
3.1
97
0.1
81
53.8
51
1.7
90
0.3
86
1.7
...
...
53
106.9
131
0.0
22
8.3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
93
1.2
75
0.6
107
15.8
68
1.1
72
0.9
Dutta,2009,2012 :
. 10

/

.

(.)WB,2012

.

.

.

:
:

.
:

.

.
:

. . 1 .10

266
267

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49

1000

1000

(
)
1000

1000

* Knowledge Economy Index
. Knowledge
Index .
80

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.
( )0-10 10 /
.

( .)50

:
:

7.0

.

.
:
50

.

( 2012

)

.
2012
3.58
3.72
7.72
5.45
5.01
5.12
8.51
8.13
9.45
9.11
8.70
8.80
7.50
7.13
8.28
6.95
7.64
7.47
3.92
3.48
6.14
5.41
4.51
4.74
5.02
5.11
5.80
4.66
5.31
5.15
1.90
1.44
3.95
2.91
2.43
2.55
1.90
2.17
4.23
3.05
2.77
2.84
4.14
3.94
7.43
5.75
5.17
5.32
: (.)WB,2012
. 2 . 10

7.0 6.0
.

.
:
5.0 6.0

.

.
:
5.0

.

268
269
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(1995 2006)2012

Weighted on Capita

.

1995 20062012

2006
1995
2012
2012
51

( 1995 )2012 2006
51

.
:
2006
1995
.2012

2012 2006 1995
2012 2006 1995 2012 2006 1995 2012 2006 1995
3.81 3.64 4.51
3.8
4.97 4.58
4.33
2.33 2.18 1.29
1.9
3.54 2.22
5.27 3.08 1.64
4.04 3.44 3.37
3.67 4.06 1.98
2.07 3.58 3.73
4.02 1.85 2.28
3.41
2.9
4.66
4.7
:
.
4.55
3.6
4.89 3.88
4.56
3.79
3.61
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6.20
8.00
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4.28
3.25
3.00
2.10
4.10
6.30
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2.33
4.66
2.07
3.61
5.75
7.64
4.97
3.54
3.67
1.90
4.00
6.70
8.40
4.55
5.27
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2.54
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.

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2012
.

:

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.

1995 2006

2012
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:

2006
2012

.

52
2012

270
53
271
. 4 . 10

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7.60
4.56
3.79
3.61
3.60
1.50
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3.25
3.00
1.50
4.00
7.60
3.81
2.33
4.66
1.37
3.49
7.45
4.97
3.54
3.67
1.70
3.90
7.80
4.55
5.27
2.07
1.70
4.44
7.91
4.89
4.04
4.02
1.05
3.67
7.15
(
) .

52 53

54
2012
.5 .10
0.72
0.66
0.82
0.68
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0.52
18
0.51
13
0.64
34
0.42
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Networked World
0.62
0.57
0.71
11
0.57
KPMG,2012 :
Networked Readiness Index
1- Change Readiness Index Assessing Countries: Ability To Manage Change And Cultivate Opportunity,
KPMG International, Over Seas Development Institute, USA,2012 .

2- Dutta &Bilbao-Osorio,2012, op.cit.

Change Readiness Index

.

( )

.1

.
54

.

.

.

:2

(
)

.

.

.

272
273
2012
- 55
57

53
3.78
78
2.95
51
3.74
27
4.67
2.66
89
2.74
140
2.60
135
2.64
3.44
69
3.25
92
3.34
70
3.75
50
4.12
55
4.02
68
4.76
53
3.78
44
3.90
118
3.01
136
2.83
88
4.33
127
2.66
140
2.24
127
91
3.56
66
3.86
100
3.97
73
3.44
109
2.94
73
Dutta,2012 :
55
4.02
76
3.95
48
4.03
136
2.83
137
2.96
132
2.70
66
3.86
66
4.04
68
3.68
Dutta,2012 :
- 55
Dutta,2012 :
56
:

.

68
4.76
70
3.91
73
5.16
52
5.22
88
4.33
105
3.08
51
5.52
97
4.40
100
3.97
94
3.25
77
5.06
119
3.62
Dutta,2012 :

.

( - 55).

( 55
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( )73

( )70

( )78
( .)51

( )118 91

( )140 127 .

.

.

58
44
3.90
51
3.46
42
4.33
140
2.24
140
2.10
135
2.37
109
2.94
127
2.49
92
3.40
Dutta,2012 :

274
275

( )137
*.

Summit
on the Information
Society (WSI)I

1998

2005

.

.

.

.

Summit on the
Information Society (WSI)I
1998

2005

*
.

.

% 2.6
1997 % 13.5
.2012

.
.

.

.

.

.

.

. :

% 2.6

1997 % 13.5
.2012

15-5

.

400

276
277

10

( )10Gb / s

.

% 7.5

2.5

10 .
14
200
1000 .

.

2009

.

( Technology Parks

.

.
( )1999

.
90
1700
.

.Alcatel, Lucent, Ericsson, Microsoft

2002

.

15

.

.

1999

.

90
1700

.

Alcatel, Lucent, Ericsson,
Microsoft.

.

.

(
)

.

.

.
Family
PC

.

.

1999

2001

278
279

:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

FDI

.

.

280
281
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286
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340
5

341

4
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()2009
0.07
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.27
n/a
0.42
n/a
809
799
0.64
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.05
n/a
0.29
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.13
2010
n/a
n/a
0.79
n/a
0.73
982.69
2006
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./ kam2/KAM_page4.asp \ 2012

.

.

.

.

.

()1
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()2

()3

()4
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37
)69.64( 12.13
148
( )1 " ".KAM .2007

( )2 USPTO .2011
( )3 2006 2007 2008 (UPOV )2010
( )4 .2010 : .WDI 2011
10 .2011
. .

.1 ()8

.
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.

2009 2005
2004-2000

2
" - 1 " .2012

- 2 .:
Exploring the changing landscape of Arabian, Persian and Turkish Research, February
2011. Thomson Reuters Scientific, thomsonreuters.com/.../science/science.../a-z/
/web_of_science
.2 .2 .4

. .

.
*0.18

342

: %0.7
2000 % 1.9
2009
:
%0.2 2000 % 1.3
.2009

.

.

.

.

% 0.7 2000
%1.9 .2009
% 0.2
2000 % 1.3 .2009

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( )6 -
1

2011 2000

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( )17 - ( )24 -

.
.
( )10

( )6 -
2011 2000
( )% 35

.

% 68
.

.

.

.

30.000
25.000
( )9

2011 2000
.

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.
20.000
15.000
10.000
( )9

.
5.000
11
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
20
- 1
(.)Web of Science
8,300 .

2000 2004
2005 2009

.

343

345

344
10

2011 - 2000
%7
%5
% 14
% 35
%5
%5
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
01
20
0
20 2
0
20 3
04
20
0
20 5
0
20 6
0
20 7
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
00
20
( )11

2011-2009

. ( )11

.

.

2008
.2011
( )17 - ( -
20
( )17 -
( )24 -

.

( )11

.
.

.
% 10
( )12

.12011 - 2000

.
% 32

.

. ()13

.
9000
- 1 .
.

.
.
.
: .
. .
% 19
)24

.

.
( )22 -

. 2008 - 2007

.
11

2011 - 2000

347

346
12

2011-2000

%3

%1
%4

%9
13

%5
9000
8000
7000

% 10
6000
%5
%6
% 14
4000
3000
2000
% 12
1000
0
11
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
20
06
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
- 1
. .
.
- 2 citation index
.
.

2009 - 2005
.

.
20

.1

.
2
( )14
20

.

.

.
5000
% 31

2011-2000

.

.

349

348

.

.
0.550
0.500
0.400
0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
90
19 -19
91 94
19 19
92 95
19 199
93 6
19 199
94 7
19 -19
95 98
19 199
96 9
19 -20
97 00
19 200
98 1
19 20
99 02
20 200
00 3
20 200
01 4
20 20
02 05
20 200
03 6
20 20
04 07
20 -20
05 08
-2
00
9
19
0.450
.2 .2 .2 .4

.

.
940

4.3
.
( )15

.

.

.

.
120
100
80
60
40
20
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20
2 2 2
2 2 2
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 005 006 007 008 009 010
14
15

2010 - 1990

.

.

351

350
.5

.1 .5
( )6
1

24.5
14.8
4.36
---
84
98
74.48
68
100.16
28.12
27
69.68
4.24
4.17
5.07
3.97
4.02
4.63
: " " ( ,(KAM
( )2012

- 1
: .
6.67
2.78
8.89
5.29
1.25
3.13
3.33
8.00
7.22
8.33
8.82
02.5
10.00
---
---
2.22
0.56
0.59
5.00
1.88
5.00
2.00
1.67
2.22
4.12
6.88
4.38
---
4.00
7.78
5.00
8.24
3.75
4.38
---
8.67
8.89
6.11
2.94
6.88
3.13
10.00
---
6.11
3.33
9.41
0.23
0.15
---
1.18
0.96
0.34
0.99
5.63
5.00
6.67
1.33
0.56
1.67
2.35
1.88
6.25
---
---
5.56
7.22
3.53
5.00
9.38
---
69.6
9.44
4.44
1.76
8.13
6.88
---
6.00
5.00
9.44
6.47
---
---
---
0.55
1.64
1.45
---
0.63
0.63
8.33
7.33
3.89
2.78
---
9.38
9.38
---
3.33
3.33
6.67
7.06
10.00
8.13
---
5.33
6.67
7.78
4.71
---
---
1.67
0.67
1.11
1.11
1.18
5.57
5.57
---
1.54
---
3.28
4.43
5.84
5.19
---
2.56
2.64
3.07
4.35
5.57
5.57
---
2.48
1.95
2.45
3.23
5.42
5.15
---
4.53
4.83
4.52
4.93
08.4
8.17
---
5.59
6.82
8.31
8.62
---
---
---
: " " ).2012 ,(KAM

.
.

.

.

.

.

.

( )KAM
.

.
:

352
( )7

. 1

( )7
.

.

.
.2 .5

. :

:

. ( )8

.

.

)1( :
- 1
:
: ( )2

( )3 :
( )9

()%

()%
2.8
30
5.0
113
2.5
37
---
114
4.5
42
2.9
119
5.0
56
5.5
130
3.3
63
3.9
132
3.9
64
5.6
154
8.1
71
2.5
159
3.0
89
3.4
163
6.2
94
7.0
165
9.3
95
7.3
169
5.8
96
---
---
7.6
6.0

5.5
6.7
10.2
11.9
6.4
6.5
5.4
4.6
5.0
5.0
: 10 174 " 2011 " . .

353

355

354

.
( )4 -

:

.
.

3.13
2.50
1.25
6.88
6.25
8.13
0.63
0.63
2.50
3.75
5.00
5.63
1.88
1.88
4.38
9.38
9.38
3.75
0.15
2.52
0.53
5.63
3.75
3.13
4.38
4.38
6.88
10.00
10.00
10.00
5.00
6.25
5.63
1.25
3.13
0.63
9.38
9.38
6.25
8.13
8.13
8.75
6.01
6.18
5.88
5.65
5.23
5.73
3.13
3.33
3.17
5.39
4.81
5.65
7.98
8.17
7.98
: " " (.KAM) 2012
()%
23.3
26.10
31.92
()%
6.00
6.70
11.92
()%
7.12
7.76
---
: " " ).2012 ,(KAM

.
.
10
.3 .5
.1 .3 .5
( )10

19-15
:
-

356
% 6

% 11.92

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.
.

7.12
7.76

10.14
11.65 .

%6

% 11.92
% 13
% 17.9 .

% 29.3
% 53.84
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( )11
.
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3.28
3.68 4.62
5
5.28

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.

.

.2 .3 .5
11
8.00
4.67
5.33
10.00
2.67
8.67
5.33
5.33
3.33
9.33
4.00
7.33
4.00
2.00
2.67
1.42
1.02
0.79
2.00
3.33
1.33
4.67
8.00
4.67
6.67
6.00
6.67
0.63
2.52
0.24
0.67
0.67
2.00
3.33
7.33
4.00
7.33
9.33
8.00
1.33
1.33
0.67
4.69
4.96
2.72
5.24
5.59
3.74
4.21
4.25
---
6.10
5.87
---
6.57
7.99
---
: " " ).2012 ,(KAM
.
( )16
- 1 .

%2.80 %2
%10.6%1.4
%8%0.8
%11.70
%5.2 %4.8
%1.3 .

357
))(Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS

358
130 - 120
15,2
140 - 131
25,6
15
150 - 141
28,1
22
160 - 151
18,9
39
170 - 161
9,3
10
200 - 171
2,9
14
100
100
: ()2005
2011
- 1
:2012
( ) .
- 2 623 12 :
.
450
400
450
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
()%
()%
500

(Trends in International Mathematics

) (and Science Study (TIMS

.
1
. 2007

()17

.

()17
.

2
12
16
TIMSS

359
: /TIMSS http://nces.ed.gov/timss
( )12

( )13

.

( .)12

.

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%40.8 :

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%12,2
.
%15

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361

360

OECD

17
600
500
400
300
200
100
: PISA /http://www.oecd.org/pisa 2009
% 40,8 :

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( %70
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OECD
()
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% 50
(
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130 - 120
15
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2007
()
34.2
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3.1
7,564
2008
34.7
35.3
2.4
b
7,803
2009
36.0
2.4
b
7,937
2010
8,133
2011
37.1
37.1
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6.7
10.5
3.1
4.8
11.2
11.4
10.6
2.5
2.6
5.0
()%
- b 9.3
8.9
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3.3
4.5
3.5
8,444
8,635
9,239
36.3
3.3
b
()%
2.3
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1.1
5.0
4.0
1.1
4.8
2012
2013
1 -
2007
9.6
2008
2009
10.0
10.8
10.0
()
5.7
5.9
6.0
2.2
2.3
2.1
()%
6.9
5.8
2.3
1.5
5.9
5,087
4.0
4.4
()%
13.8
11.3
10.2
10.0
()%( )%
5.0
-5.3
2.7
3.3
()%
1.7
1.2
2.5
3.3
4.7
()%
7.7
9.3
2.1
3.3
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5,335
()%
13.1
12.7
5,353
12.9
()
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
()%
9.1
8.0
0.4
()%
8.4
6.3
3.1
4.5
2.2
3.1
3.4
()%
6.7
5.9
2.3
24,054
24,619
24,014
24,229
24,512
24,356
24,385
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2007
2008
2.6
2.5
3.8
5,594
5,696
5,909
12.3
12.3
12.1
6.9
4.2
1.6
2.0
1.2
4.1
2.8
3.7
4.2
1.7
2.5
4.0
5,440
12.5
2009
6.3
6.5
2010
()
5.7
5.9
6.0
()%
28.6
2.1
3.0
-3.3
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1.5
2.5
()%
6.9
5.8
2.3
()%
7.9
5.9
-4.4
6.7
2.7
2.8
3.4
48,594
47,110
45,593
42,197
()%
8.5
6.3
8.5
3.0
2.1
5.0
6.4
()%
()%
2007
2008
2009
2010
()
76.9
78.3
79.7
81.1
()%
7.1
7.2
4.7
5.1
5,265
5,666
5,889
6,154
2011
82.5
1.8
c
6,286
6.2
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1.2
8.6
84.1
85.7
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9.1
8.0
0.4
1.9
3.5
()%
6.7
5.9
2.3
6,389
6,630
2012
2013
2007
2008
2009
3.1
12.8
2011
2013
6.3
6.5
6.6
2.6
2.5
3.8
38,511
41,946
39,737
6.9
4.2
1.6
2.0
1.2
4.1
2.8
3.7
4.2
1.7
2.5
4.0
2010
2012
2011
2012
2013
()%
8.9
8.7
9.4
9.0
12.0
13.9
13.1
()
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
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3.7
3.3
3.2
3.5
2.7
3.0
3.2
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7.5
9.3
8.5
7.0
1.5
2.5
3.6
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6.8
7.1
5.6
4.6
0.5
1.3
3.9
10,305
13,711
14,180
14,938
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20.2
8.2
3.8
6.0
2.8
2.0
3.2
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()%
33.9
()%
()%
2007
()
29.5
()%
1.5
4,290
()%
30.1
30.8
7.8
2008
4.5
4,631
2009
4,787
2010
31.5b
32.2
32.9
8.2
8.5
8.2
5,392
5,787
6,220
5.5
2011
4,991
2012
2013
()
2007
6.0
11,431
2008
6.2
12,444
2009
6.3
13,342
2010
6.5
2011
6.0
2012
6.1
2013
6.3
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1.2
8.6
2012
2013
6.6
3.1
2013
2011
6.2
12.8
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422
1 -

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3.3
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5.0
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18,852
15,273
20,447
22,648
18,616
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19,124
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15.0
2007
14.5
a
2008
3.0
a
2.5
2009
6.9
b
a
2011
2010
10.8
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2012
11.5
c
2013
()%
4.0
2.4
2.5
2.4
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5.0
4.9
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2.0
4.2
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4.6
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3.6
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2.6
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22,197
22,927
22,483
23,071
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7.9
6.0
5.7
4.6
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19.6
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2012
()%
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4.4
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4.1
8.4
6.3
()
31.2
31.6
32.0
32.4
32.7
33.1
33.4
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4.2
4.3
4.2
5.3
6.1
5.0
5.8
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2.7
5.6
4.8
3.6
5.0
2.4
4.0
()%
2.0
4.2
0.1
4.6
7.0
5.3
4.5
4,073
4,342
4,542
4,705
4,990
5,136
5,404
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
2007
2008
2009
2010
7.0
5.3
4.5
24,434
25,357
26,246
3.7
2011
2012
2013
9.8
9.6
9.1
9.1
a 8.9
8.8
8.6
()
40.4
41.4
42.3
43.2
44.2
35.6
36.4
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- 20.8
16.3
30.4
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5.3
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7.0
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10.1
6.8
4.0
4.5
2.7
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2.7
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6.0
3.3
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5.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
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2,323
2,699
2,772
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6.1
4.0
3.9
2.3
4.6
4.5
4.0
()%
0.9
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2.2
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2.8
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2.7
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3.48
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10.0
10.0
1.9
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3.0
()%
10.1
6.8
4.0
4.5
2.7
()
2.74
2.87
3.17
3.20
3.27
3.37
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6.7
13.1
3.9
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.9
22,345
24,668
23,452
24,637
25,930
26,860
27,903
2007
2010
2008
19.9
4.2
6.2
22.4
2009
2011
2012
2,131
2,190
2,265
2013
()%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
()
20.5
21.2
21.9
22.5
23.0
22.5
22.4
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3.6
12.1
10.4
4.6
3.5
4.4
5.1
()%
5.7
4.5
6.0
3.2
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1.8
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9.3
14.2
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5.7
5.0
5.3
6.0
4,398
4,629
4,303
4,500
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6.7
13.1
3.9
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.9
()%
9.2
10.9
8.1
8.6
12.3
18.0
17.8
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12.8
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0.0
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1.8
2.0
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3.8
3.9
3.5
8.5
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14.1
6.5
5.8
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16.6
10.2
5.4
5.6
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82,137
82,065
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.3
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1.7
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2007
1.3
2008
1.6
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0.4
0.4
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0.0
2.5
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13.0
16.6
14.9
9.5
1.6
17.1
11.7
2009
2010
16.7
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0.5
1.7
b
73,008
28.2
2011
2012
2013
()%
2007
4,536
2008
4,708
2009
4,784
2010
2011
2012
2013
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
2.5
4.1
4.5
()%
6.3
4.5
3.1
3.7
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2.8
3.5
17.5
4.3
4.2
7,673
8,118
8,375
8,700
8,605
8,910
9,338
()
24.7
25.5
26.3
27.1
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28.0
28.9
29.8

424
1 -

425

2 -

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2.6
5.0
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.4
3.5
3.0
3.9
5.9
6.6
10.3
98.9
117.0
82.3
3.5
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2.5
4.0
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3.5
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2.2
3.3
5.4
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77.7
85.9
92.9
7.1
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7.9
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44.2
46.7
50.8
56.7
65.3
3.8
3.0
4.3
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1,180
1,157
1,350
1,400
1,456
1,475
56,916
56,517
56,948
78
80
83
83
84
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74.9
82.7
89.4
95.2
112.5
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-2.0
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2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
()%
- 2.6
2.7
2.3
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3.6
2.3
3.8
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c 2.2
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3.4
3.8
4.1
3.5
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11.6
4.4
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4.2
4.0
4.0
5.0
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6.2
5.5
5.3
6.0
5.6
6.0
2007
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9.7
8.2
7.5
8.0
7.0
7.8
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22.0
26.2
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20.9
20.4
21.1
23.4
24.7
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3.5
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14.9
14.5
14.5
15.2
16.0
2,712
190
192
193
194
196
200
( .).
15,491
16,828
16,142
16,579
18,146
19,094
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
1.8
1.9
3.5
6.2
6.6
7.1
-0.4
8.5
10.7
13.3
15.0
9.9
7.8
11.1
13.7
32.1
33.6
35.7
63.6
66.2
6.5
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12.4
12.4
13.3
13.0
18.0
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0.2
0.1
8.2
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11.0
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12.1
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0.8
5.2
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3.3
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6.7
7.1
5.7
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3.3
2012
2007
()
5.9
()%
3.2
59,671
()%
()%
2008
6.8
6.5
3.3
b
55,266
2008
3.2
6.7
56,944
2009
56,503
2010
24.1
24.8
25.4
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3.6
4.1
2,611
2,685
2,776
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1.6
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3.8
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6.1
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3.7
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8.1
10.3
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28.6
30.1
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62.8
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0.5c
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6.4
5.8
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2.7
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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8.2
8.5
8.2
8.7
9.0
9.4
( .).
79.7
88.3
95.2
110.2
128.2
149.6
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56.9
66.0
75.9
88.1
104.8
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1.5
2.2
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4.1
2.8
5.8
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4.0
4.0
3.5
6.2
b
2,945
2013
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2012
2013
2011
3.8
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2011
1.4
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2010
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2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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5.0
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2.6
2.5
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.5
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2.1
1.0
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3.3
1.6
3.8
4.0
4.7
4.9
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5.0
4.6
5.2
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4.2
2.0
3.3
3.9
4.3
4.4
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22.2
23.3
25.5
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8.2
8.9
9.7
10.5
11.5
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41.0
42.1
41.9
43.9
46.0
( .).
16.3
17.7
18.5
19.5
20.9
22.4
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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5.2
4.9
4.9
5.4
5.5
5.5
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9.3
5.0
4.6
5.2
4.5
5.0
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5.0
6.3
6.0
6.3
7.5
7.6
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7.5
7.9
5.3
4.7
3.2
3.8
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10.0
10.6
9.0
9.3
10.0
10.4
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9.9
8.2
7.7
8.0
9.0
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49.4
54.2
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104.3
101.6
98.3
103.8
108.5
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26.2
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27.7
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29.7
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93.4
89.7
94.8
98.9
105.1
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2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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14.1
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5.8
5.9
6.1
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1.5
2.5
3.6
4.8
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18.8
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2.6
2.4
2.4
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2.8
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6.5
7.5
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10.8
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3.7
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12.3
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13.1
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13.0
15.2
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107.0
116.0
114.7
114.4
117.8
122.5
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6.1
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21.3
22.7
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830
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855
870
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2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
( .).
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11.5
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12.9
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195
233
279
324
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125.6
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116.3
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158.7
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4.7
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2012
2013
2014
2015
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428
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429

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2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
3.8
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4.3
5.3
6.0
6.4
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6.0
6.6
7.5
8.5
6.3
6.4
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9,600
9,640
9,750
9,950
( )
2,505
2,600
2,643
2,675
2,800
( .).
283.4
289.2
261.3
233.2
235.8
241.6
( .).
90.63
79.93
74.9
75.56
81.4
87.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
()%
2.7
-8.0
2.7
2.8
4.1
4.7
()%
-10.5
3.6
4.1
2.1
1.9
2.3
()%
-11.1
-59.0
3.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
()%
-6.3
0.7
2.0
-5.1
-6.0
-5.6
()%
-10.7
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4.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
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-1.8
5.1
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.7
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9.7
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.4
( .).
5.8
6.3
7.2
8.1
8.0
8.7
( .).
8.2
6.6
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.5
( .).
8.2
8.9
9.4
9.9
10.5
11.2
( )
295.0
140.0
142.0
143.0
145.0
146.0
( )
198
191
206
178
152
129
( .).
7.0
1.86
1.76
1.62
1.59
1.55
( .).
6.1
4.9
4.6
3.4
2.2
1.3
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
()%
-3.4
-10.2
1.8
2.3
2.6
2.8
()%
-12.0
-22.0
8.5
4.0
4.7
5.0
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-3.2
-15.0
-3.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
( .).
8.1
4.0
4.2
5.1
5.7
6.3
( .).
12.9
7.3
6.6
7.8
8.4
9.1
( )
322.5
163.0
200.0
225.0
235.0
240.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
()%
-2.2
2.8
3.5
4.3
4.8
5.2
()%
-4.5
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.7
7.5
5.1
5.8
5.7
7.1
9.1
18.9
20.8
23.5
27.6
26.4
29.5
32.9
36.4
()%
-2.0
( .).
17.7
17.9
( .).
23.5
24.7
The Economist Intelligence Unit :

1
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

431

430

2016-2012
1 -
40

2016-2012
3 -
20
30
15
20
10
5
10
0
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
20
07
16
20
20
15
14
20
13
20
12
20
20
11
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
4 -
20
2 -

2016-2012
0
-5

2016-2012
12
13
10
8
6
-2
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
2
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20
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
: . (.)Economist Intelligence Unit, 2012
20
07
-12

433

432

5 -
2016-2012
7 -
25
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
15
12
10
10
-5
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-15
20
16
15
20
14
20
13
20
20
12
11
20
10
20
09
20
20
08
07
20
16
8 -
2016-2012
20
25
15
20
10
15
10
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
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16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
-15
20
-10
20

2016-2012
14
-20
6 -

2016-2012
-5
-10

435

434

9 -
2016-2012
60

2016-2012
11 -
30
50
25
40
20
30
15
20
10
10
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
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20
16
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20
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2016-2012
20
10 -

2016-2012
20
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2
20
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20
08
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20
10
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11
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0
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437

436

2016-2012
13 -
40

2016-2012
15 -
35
30
30
25
20
20
10
15
10
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
20
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20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
09
20
20
08
07
20
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2016-2012
14 -
16 -
2016-2012
30
15
20
10
10
16
20
15
20
14
20
13
20
12
20
11
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0
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439

438
/ 3 5 -

( )
82,576.39
98,205.14
79,128.65
57,761.22
2,295.45
953.32
3,505.10
1,885.87
22,047.00
19,504.00
8,409.00
9,084.00
8,798.10
10,874.10
4,438.10
5,152.20
12,533.64
15,149.84
12,873.92
15,094.83
2,346,654.19
1,950,284.63
1,382,809.46
1,427,886.29
( : )2012
917.30
1,554.62
129.19
55.73
14,186.52
13,723.60
4,002.70
3,948.30
1,531.89
2,638.50
1,595.45
1,400.87
1,241.96
1,465.62
2,569.55
1,469.20
2,425.59
2,600.50
1,816.18
2,063.73
24,333.84
39,455.00
36,457.67
21,560.17
4,700.00
3,778.63
8,124.74
5,534.45
3,332.12
2,951.89
1,509.23
2,332.90
2,806.64
2,466.29
1,970.32
1,240.63
138.30
338.40
-38.30
13.63
4,689.00
4,111.30
1,371.00
1,784.00
3,375.98
4,333.05
4,803.60
4,279.88
111.54
-5.95
1,113.59
80.85
2,622.14
2,826.74
2,426.62
1,701.41
971.80
1,855.70
1,451.50
1,426.40
11,578.10
9,494.60
6,711.60
6,385.60
195.35
227.65
96.86
36.50
5 168 19 124 16 127 11 51
74
1,756.31
1,794.00
257.15
155.77
1,662.00
2,595.00
2,760.00
2,291.20
2007

4 -
136 14 150 15 113 13 165 20 138 5
117 19 26
33
59
89
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doingbusiness.org/rankings / 2011
1 - International Financial Corporation
2008
2009
2010

440
6 -

441
2000-2011

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
6 -
2000-2011

26
24
35
47
45
45
36
54
71
49
51
64
228
219
256
307
288
298
305
286
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613
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442
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282
248
242
216
246
192
216
195
184
203
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36
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127
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481

482

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.
2

H. Index

.

.

(

) (
)
( )
(
).
(

) (
)
.
1996
2000
2005
2008
425
622
980
1532
112
136
224
312
203
426
778
1070
- -
-
- -
- .

.

.

.

.
.

.

.

.
.

H. Index

485

484
4
( % 28)
592
847
880
910
938
1001
1014
1068
1159
1178
10
1227
11
1321
12
1344
13
1366
14
1530
15
1609
16
1631
17
1757
18
1844
19
1855
20
1901
21
1961
22
1966
23
2002
24

14
:
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( )67 ( )63 ()61

.

.

.

7 2

.

.

9
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10 1178

22
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486

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17
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300 .

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6

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90000
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487

100

1999 2008
13
4.8
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489

488
.
.

(
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Peter F. Drucker
The
Age of Discontinuity

knowledge society and
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.

.

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100

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Peter F. Drucker
The Age of Discontinuity

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51
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51

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.

% 10.2

.
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.
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5.8
1.4
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2.9
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4.3
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% 8.7
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% 59.9

.

% 10.2

% 8.5

% 10.5

% 7.9
.

491

493

492
8
% 47.5

% 15
% 33.9

.
% 55.4
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% 20.4
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8 2
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3.5
5.6
0.7
4.9
1.4
0.7
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3.5
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2.1
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0.7
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(
% 85.1

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(
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318

3330
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100
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267 264 258 290 286 275 305 299
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137 134 150 147 158 156 155 153
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203 202 200 199 197 195 194 191 185 184 180 179
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249 243 242 240 258 255 254 252
267 265 287 286 275 301 297 295
313 311 310 308 305 304 303 319 317
326 324 352 350 348 338 336 332
358 356 355 374 370 369 366 365 363
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166 163 161 176 174 173 168 179
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292 290 289 286 261 260 252 215 214 211 210
307 304 301 295 338 323 313 310
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287 273 271 234 325 291 289 327
339 337 335 331 330 365 363 348 341
406 403 402 393 383 382 380 379 376 374 372
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128 65 63 52 36 27 7 : 141 132 130
146 143 164 155 151 205 169 167
306 300 299 297 296 270 269 227 213 211 206
325 309 337 329 327 348 346 342
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207 205 261 260 243 242 235 228 217 209
570 551 547 483 477 475 474 337 336 266 265 263
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117 211 206 182 171 167 149 131 121 119
274 256 254 252 250 241 224 223 213
287 286 276 324 321 315 313 297
396 385 378 376 371 352 350 348 347 337 331
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204 203 202 201 200 324 299 293 291 207
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281 275 261 242 230 218 209 207 67 28 :
299 297 269 294 293 290 .323
100 98 97 85 84 68 27 22 : 117 116 109
118 .394 358 355 350 229
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126 121 140 129 156 155 153
224 212 211 205 186 184 171 167 166 165 160
274 269 255 254 250 241 236 236 232
347 329 328 326 324 321 315 313 312 298
389 382 377 389 417 415 413 394
452 555 486 485 481 476 468 450 455
574 600 597 594 583 582 579 577 576
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117 114 107 106 158 153 152 146 145 131
231 289 288 210 192 183 169 165 164 305
319 315 310 308 365 349 346 338 334
372 392 387 399 396 416
488 485 482 481 .600 599 491
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158 156 152 149 146 145 141 113 107 99
205 160 290 286 210 207 305 299
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567 557 548 533 481 463 405 403 .569
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141 131 129 123 111 109 106 103 96 90 89 87 86
222 220 218 212 210 192 168 164 152 147
288 277 274 270 255 254 252 238 232
321 317 312 301 397 335 331 337
392 384 383 380 378 377 375 373 365 359 358
405 403 400 399 490 488 485 482 416
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494 493 479 478 475 471 466 464 463 412 411 396
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229 213 212 198 188 187 183 176 173 170 161
413 407 336 324 321 276 275 241 415
487 479 472 454 523 517 514 506 494
578 543 542 536 597 594 593 588
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:
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:
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610
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480 414 413 374 369 356 355 326 290 250 230 228
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540 536 528 519 516 510 509 507 399 196 :
559 556 547 .563 560
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45 42 40 10 : .265 264 47
144 105 86 70 66 64 63 26 : 176 174
204 201 196 194 189 187 223 218 208
330 321 314 278 275 259 241 238 232 225
378 376 466 412 411 400 399 396 380
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40 34 32 25 11 : 207 202 168 64 47

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150 70 161 155 187 185 168
199 189 263 262 255 220 213 212 210 205
494 489 482 409 406 401 382 399 377 375 322 293
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121 119 107 106 103 102 91 89 65 40 29 9 :
126 181 177 176 172 167 166 163 161 129
202 200 304 301 297 296 277 210
401 400 399 377 375 374 339 330 327 322 308
576 513 482 481 479 475 458 409 408 406 404
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141 : .168 143
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177 161 144 : .181 179
205 155 144 23 : .208
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261 235 209 207 205 167 150 146 36 :
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223 209 206 205 202 173 158 150 117 94 69 :

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581 576 : .591 583

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10 : 114 107 106 103 100 96 95 65 12
152 145 143 141 129 123 121 119 164 154
299 295 294 292 289 241 236 210 192 167
318 305 304 344 342 339 349 346
362 359 358 355 354 352 372 369 366
382 380 378 375 374 414 413 405 384
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94 89 : .97
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147 146 144 130 111 106 104 101 94 92 12 7 :
177 168 165 156 150 199 189 184 183 179
550 546 508 502 498 494 470 455 366 365 294
591 586 585 580 579 575 572 570 569
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52 42 31 30 28 26 21 20 9 : 54
86 131 129 92 214 155 149 146 133
222 215 227 224 249 238 236 233
254 261 257 274 272 270 267 265
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9 7 : 24 15 59 52 80 70
140 119 174 170 169 165 164 158
210 232 219 218 213 250 243
258 255 286 279 305 304 297
312 336 332 360 356 367
378 375 374 370 369 405 394 384
413 407 485 481 480 473 495 485 417
487 .597 530 494 489
235 226 225 149 30 29 : 250 238
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67 80 70 95 89 107 103
143 141 140 123 117 113 151 146
205 202 174 167 165 160 219 218 213
227 223 270 267 265 259 255 254 250
290 286 279 328 323 306 305 299
378 375 374 365 362 356 353 345 339 337 334
389 384 380 401 394 404
480 470 476 458 411 410 488 486 482
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108 106 95 94 88 83 69 64 63 32 29 10 :
201 199 197 196 182 168 164 163 151 150 131 127
210 204 .408 402 401 212
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400 399 396 380 375 332 331 327 317 313 305 293
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400 323 258 224 105 102 94 92 84 66 63 29 :
410 489 479 466 465 414 412 493
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80 22 : 97 95 88 85 104 101
116 106 209 205 195 192 182 158 151 118
276 274 254 250 242 238 229 224 210 278
289 352 324 321 303 291 361 357
373 367 489 467 396 390 378 375
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612
613
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544 541 540 537 586 581 559 588
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123 113 111 106 103 101 86 84 67 22 10 :
218 210 206 202 125 236 234 232 228
238 250 242 263 260 256
273 265 287 279 293 290
303 301 296 320 318 317 314 307 305
361 359 353 348 339 336 334 331 330 328
403 383 382 376 375 370 369 408 406
411 480 453 415 .497 489
218 206 124 123 114 101 84 : 228
250 242 241 236 232 274 265 264 256
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182 165 155 150 144 141 140 59 56 43 30 :
576 502 189 185 591 589 583 580
.602 597 594
462 176 172 164 : 479 478 475 470 466
.576 494 493 489 488
521 376 363 336 187 178 125 124 116 113 :
.602 601 600 593 583 579 578 542 539 523
.270 269 265 223 148 141 :
196 185 180 179 172 168 167 145 142 :

.199
316 315 312 305 304 124 61 55 51 :
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463 177 172 : .494 479 478 475 468
140 102 90 87 67 64 42 40 37 34 30 13 12 10 :
171 168 154 152 150 143 141 211 207 177
342 241 263 462 459 485 345 471
476 473 488 486 .599 577 495
222 211 205 174 160 156 154 116 98 65 32 :
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334 330 326 317 296 294 274 228 222 209 23 :
.454 410 390 353
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321 320 288 149 131 129 103 12 11 :
.416 411 407 404 401 400 396 395 385 376 372
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40 36 26 22 12 : 92 88 64 58 51 42
165 160 151 147 145 143 141 140 96
271 260 249 244 228 227 224 223 219 218 167
.310 275 274
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.369 :
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426 304 168 47 46 44 42 37 32 10 :

.429
207 168 164 151 150 143 59 47 38 30 10 :
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56 51 47 46 42 14 11 10 304 207 189 153 116 59 352 343 342 310 306 369 359
.602 555 554 552 502 549 485 453 451 401 397 385 371
52 47 14 110 69 59 352 314 310 307 243 196 115 358 369 420 397 387 424
431 552 550 546 485 439 592 569 562 554 .596
10 46 25 12 219 183 130 116 115 112 69 62 21 243 237 232 226 257 252 263
268 325 278 338 328 352 346 385 382 379 375 402 398 394 393 387 406
539 521 514 509 507 485 483 453 450 439 438 436 430 428 423 413 412 567 563 559 544
.601 600 598 593 590 587 586 581 569
44 25 14 11 10 112 111 51 219 130 116 232 227 243 237 268 262 306 273
307 351 340 328 313 310 366 362 385 371 430 387 452 439 438 425 420 436
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352 351 309 115 112 25 367 366 364 362 355 .508 438 397 388 373 368

614
615
10 45 44 26 25 14 12 57 51 50 48 226 221 207 189 163 153 130 125 115 112 70 61
303 248 246 245 243 227 309 307 331 314 334 342 340 375 370 358 352
431 428 423 414 412 401 399 397 393 388 562 554 545 546 508 507 484 483 449 442 439
.596 595 588 586 571 570 569 565
44 26 25 14 11 10 60 58 56 54 305 248 246 245 243 115 112 63 342 314 310 307
352 364 359 544 539 502 485 484 439 438 437 435 433 431 427 422 414 397 385 371
525 .595 588 583 580 579 558 554

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48 46 14 .600 508 437 435 433 387 367 355 352 340 328 312 310 306 304 50
176 173 171 168 161 160 156 155 144 142 130140 51 50 48 46 45 44 25 180 178 196
199 306 304 209 355 352 340 317 310 366 361 358 392 387 385 380 378 374 371
460 454 438 399 397 394 481 478 475 464 516 510 507 502 493 492 488 485 519
578 567 563 561 559 546 .599 593 582
44 26 25 14 12 60 58 47 56 54 342 313 310 248 163 153 144 130 126 115 62
352 349 344 437 435 433 431 426 421 401 387 385 382 367 366 359 358 355 440 439
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12 10 142 140 130 115 112 110 51 50 49 48 46 25 14 153 144 160 157 168 164
342 328 313 312 305 304 212 352 344 361 358 355 385 378 371 398 397 387
460 454 447 441 439 438 430 426 421 399 470 468 463 481 478 474 492 488 486
508 493 524 521 510 566 561 560 554 540 538 531 528.601 587 582 568
224 221 220 219 196 115 51 10 232 227 243 237 304 261 376 366 340 316 310
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176 174 173 171 161 160 155 144 140 115 188 184 304 248 246 207 206 204 200 196
432 430 425 420 397 393 392 388 367 366 362 361 347 342 340 328 316 313 310 307
477 439 438 436 434 528 510 493 492 488 485 483 592 581 580 567 568 560 554 531
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520 519 510 508 503 452 388 366 353 364 362 359 353 313 161 110 565 562 546 525
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10 48 46 27 25 22 14 109 103 70 86 62 51 205 196 189 183 181 161 154 129
304 278 248 246 245 212221 342 338 328 325 316 313 310 307 352 349 366 361
506 484 483 476 474 460 452 440 445 439 438 437 435 433 431 425 420 412 397 371 516
520 561 559 536 535 524 590 589 587 584 581 577 571 567 564 .599 595
10 44 25 22 14 12 219 183 174 130 125 112 51 231 229 225 243 240 237 275
305 278 327 325 313 338 329 402 399 386 377 371 386 367 365 364 362 352 347
536 535 534 533 529 510 508 502 484 452 448 439 438 436 434 432 430 427 422 406
569 538 .598 595 595 571

616
617
115351 112 25 366 362 357 .483 373 371 368 367 364 397 371
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44 25 366 356 355 352 342 340 328 314 313 310 307 306 248 246 245 243 115 112 50
385 367 567 565 562 561 554 508 485 436 434 432 439 438 429 424 397 393 392 387
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.391 260 153 97 96 91
34 .600 548 522 474 394 117 112 96 56 41 36
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453 414 410 402 394 382 375 372 349 341 268 267 206 200 167 125 112 68 41 40 39 36 35
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40 38 12 10 341 340 339 316 312 311 201 125 122 42 438 397 386 353 348 347 343
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618
619
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39 23 140 129 126 122 111 107 104 94 92 64 42 203 201 166 153 152 146 145 142
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401 301 210 209 201 146 145 141 140 129 128 125 122 111 107 104 96 94 63 42 41 23 12
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34 531 522 512 488 414 403 402 372 371 341 168 152 126 112 110 96 94 91 63 41 36
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624
625

:1 KEI
:2

:3 ( )2010
:4
:5
:6
:7
:8 ( ) 2008 - 2002
:9 : (2005 )
:1 - 10 ( )2008 - 2002 %
:2 - 10 2008 - 2002 %
:11 20022008
:12 10 2008
:13
2006
:14 2006
:15 f.o.b. 2008-2002
:1 - 15 2008
:16 c.i.f. 2008-2002
:17 f.o.b
2008-2002
:18 c.i.f.
2008-2002
:19 :
( 135)
:20 ( 2006 )2012
:1 - 21 :
25
26
33
34
35
36
36
37
39
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
52

626
627
:2 - 21 :
:3 - 21 :
:4 - 21 :
:5 - 21 :
:6 - 21 :
:22
:23 ( ) 2007
:24 2006 2012
:25 2004
:26 ( ) 2004
:27 ()2006
:28 2008 2012
:29 ( )
:30 ()2008-2000
53
53
54
54
55
56
57
58
58
60
59
60
61
62
:1 :
:2
:3
:4
:5
:6 UNCTAD
: 7 2008
:1 - 8 2008
:2 - 8 2008
:9 2002
:10 2008
:11
:12 ()FTA
:13
:14
25 2006
24
29
29
30
30
31
38
38
38
43
43
55
57
59
61
:1 ()2002
:2
:3
:4
:5 ( )
:6 ()2009
:7
:8
:9
:10
91
96
104
109
114
115
120
122
126
130
:1
:2 ( )
:3 / ( )
:4
:5
:6 OECD
:7 ( 2001/2000 )2011 /2010
:8 ()2009
:9 ()2009
:10
:11
()2010/2009 - 2001/2000
:12 ()2007
80
93
93
96
105
110
111
112
112
114
124
125

:1 :
:2 :
:3 :
:4 :
157
159
162
163

628
629
:5
:6
:7
:8
:9
:10
:11 2010
:12
:13
:14 :
:15
:16
:17
:18
:19
:20
:21
169
170
171
173
175
180
181
188
191
193
196
197
201
203
208
209
211

:1 ()2011
:2 2010-
2012
:3
:4 2012-2011
:5 2012 - 2011
:6
:7 2012
:8 2012-2011
:9
:10
:11
:12
:13
220
221
222
224
225
255
226
226
229
232
233
233
234
:14 2012
:15
:16
:17
:18
:19
:20
:21
:22
:23 2011
:24 2010 2008
:25
: 26 2010-2000
:27 2012
:28 ()2012-2000
:29 Facebook
:30
:31
:32
:33 2010 - 1980
:34
:35
:36
:37
:38 2012
:39 2012
:40
:41
:42 2012
:43
- 44 :
- 44 :
:45 2011
:46
:47
234
235
235
236
237
237
237
239
244
245
246
247
247
248
249
249
250
251
251
252
253
253
255
256
256
257
258
259
260
260
261
261
262
263
264

630
631
:48
:49
:50 2012
:51
:52 2012
:53 2012
:54 2012
- 55 : 2012
- 55 :
:56
: 57
:58
264
266
267
268
269
270
270
272
272
272
273
273

:1
()%
:2
:3
:4

:5
:6

:7
:8

:9

:10

:11
:12
:13
309
314
332
337
340
350
351
353
354
355
357
358
361
:14 ( 2010
)
( 2010 )
:15
:16 ( 2010
)
:17 ( )2009
:18
:19
:20
:21
:22
:23
:24
:1
2009
:2 2016 - 2012
:3
2010 - 1988
:4
:5

:6
:7

:8
/
:9
:10
2011 2000
:11 2011 - 2000

364
367
368
372
373
379
383
386
388
391
393
392
311
312
315
316
333
334
335
343
344
345

632
633
:12
2011 - 2000
:13
2011 - 2000
:14
:15
2010 - 1990
:16 TIMSS
:17 OECD

:18

:19
2008 2009
:20

:21
:22 2010 - 2007
:23 2010 - 2007
346
347
348
349
359
360
369
371
387
389
397
398
:1 -

:2 -

:3 -
:4 -
:5 -
:6 - 2011 - 2000

:1 - 2016 - 2012
420
425
438
439
438
440
:2 - 2016 - 2012
:3 -
2016 - 2012
:4 - 2016 - 2012
:5 - 2016 - 2012
:6 - 2016 - 2012
:7 - 2016 - 2012
:8 - 2016 - 2012
2016 - 2012
:9 -
:10 - 2016 - 2012

:11 - 2016 - 2012
:12 - 2016 - 2012
2016 - 2012
:13 -
:14 - 2016 - 2012

:15 - 2016 - 2012
:16 - 2016 - 2012
:17 -

:18 -

:19 -

:20 -

:21 -

:22 -

:23 -

:24 -

:1 -
430
431
431
432
432
433
433
434
434
435
435
436
436
437
437
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
430

634
635

:1
:2
:3
:4
:5
:6 :
100 1999 2008
:7
:8
:9
469
482
483
484
487
487
:1
:2 2011
595
597
:1
:2 2011
596
598
491
492
492

:1 8 2004 2011
:2 (
)
:3
:4
:5 2011
:6
: 7 ( )%
:8 ()2011
:9
:10
:11 ()2011
:12 () ()%
:13 ( )%
507
507
508
509
511
546
562
562
562
565
567
570
571

636
637

( )

638

2008
2012 :
.

: - -
: .
-
- -
-
-
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2001 (1422)

.

-
-
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- 2011 -
- 2011

" ".

2011 -
-
- .

. 11 524 :.
- 00961 1 997100 :00961 1 997101 :
www.arabthought.org
ISBN 978-9953-0-2378-6
9 789953 023786

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( )

)Real GDP per capita (2000 US$

Garnham, Nicholas," FROM CULTURAL TO CREATIVE INDUSTRIES", International Journal of Cultural

: .Creative Economy Report 2010

732.395 100.00 1.434.812 100.00 1.069.703 100.00 542.831

: 2010 .Creative Economy 2010

: 2010 .Creative Economy 2010

UNESCO World Report, I N V E S T I N G I N C U L T U R A L D I V E R S I T Y A N D I N T E R C U L T U R A L D I A L O G U E, 2009 :

( 2008 - 2002 f.o.b . )

Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option, UNCTAD/UNDP :

Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option. UNCTAD/UNDP

Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option, UNCTAD/UNDP

Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option, UNCTAD/UNDP

Creative Economy Report 2010, Feasible Development Option, UNCTAD/UNDP

1,484 1,315 1,162

1,913 1,705 1,513

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

TV Advertising Revenues USD mn

Source: Arab Media Outlook 2009-2013

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

( 27) ( )%0.3 ()%1.2

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012

Source: Eurobarometer 67.1/KEA 2006

( WTO (World Trade Organization

" " " "

Commission on Intellectual Property Rights 2002; WIPO 2003c :

" " .2011

FINANCING THE ARTS AND CULTURE IN THE EUROPEAN

ARAB MEDIA OUTLOOK 2008-2012, Collaborating for

forward for the developing countries, http://members.tripod.

M. Mrayati, Technology Transfer and Emerging Markets,

OECD Science & Technology Score board ,2005.

OECD, New Sources of Growth, Interim Project Findings, May 2012.

Brinkley, Ian, The Knowledge Economy : How knowledge is reshaping the

The National University

( 2001/2000 )2011 /2010

UNESCO/UIS, Global Education Digest, 2011 :

UNESCO/UIS, Global Education Digest, 2011 :

3.22 3.14 5.02 4.83 4.99

2.97 3.04 2.85 3.20

10.55 10.37 12.27 11.53 11.76 11.99

10.38 10.57 9.68

bound mobility rate

Inbound mobility rate

The World Bank, World Development Indicators :

UNESCO, Science Policy, Science Parks in the Middle East :

17- Organization of American States (OAS), Knowledge based

1- Burton-Jones, Alan, Knowledge Capitalism : Business, work,

(51)- OECS (2012)

European Union, Academy & Economic Studies, Bucharest,

(112). Zaytoun, Mohaya

innovation, conference proceedings, Belgium 25, 28 April 2004.

)industries on cultural domain

2000 2006 2008

- 1 ( )Creative Economy 2010

1957 ( )Copyright treaty WPPT