Advanced Statistics w/

Computer Application
Professor: Dr. Dennis G. Caballes
Requirement: Laptop w/ SPSS
Software
SPSS Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (any version will
do)
Latest Version: IBM Statistics
(V.24)

INTRODUCTION
Statistics branch of mathematics
that deals with
Process:
C ollection
A nalysis
I nterpretation
P resentation

1. COLLECTION of Data
Demographic Profile
- Age, Gender, Religion, Civil
Status, Educational
Background, etc.

Grades
Aptitudes
IQ & EQ
AGE:

TYPES OF DATA
1. Categorical (Qualitative)
2. Continuous (Quantitative)
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Continuous
Categorical

13-15
15-17
17-19

How to Transform Categorical

Data (Range) to Continuous
(Actual) Data?
AGE: ____

Dichotomous

1. NOMINAL
e.g. GENDER:
Male
Female
-

Dichotomous
two categories
mutually exclusive
will only fall in one
category
NOT
Dichotomous

Socio Economic Status (SES)

10,000 20,000
20,000 30,000
Dichotomous

Socio Economic Status (SES)

10,000 20,000
20,001 30,000

Intervals
should be

Interval: 0 C

Ratio: 4:0

Descriptive Statistics
-

2. ANALYSIS
Describing vs. Analyzing
- Narrative
- Digging
- Focus on
deeper from
factual
the data
3. INTERPRETATION
4. PRESENTATION
- graphs, charts, diagrams,
(illustrations), bar, pie, lined
graph

present data as is
(declarative/narrative form)

frequency (f)
percentage (%)
Mean (x)
Standard deviation (SD)
Example:
Out of 15 students enrolled in
Advanced Statistics there are 6
males and 9 females.

M/F % =
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS VS.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

x 100

6
15 X 100 = 40%

9
15 X 100 = 60%

Inferential Statistics
- Make inference
- Hypothesis Testing involve
- Sampling Techniques
Hypothesis
- Tentative answer
- Intelligent guess
- Subjective to testing /
experimentation
H (Null)
H/H (Alternative)