34 2012 11

th
Proceedings of the 34 Ocean Engineering Conference in Taiwan
National Cheng Kung University, November 2012

p-y

1
2
3
4

(monopile)
5MW 5m p-y
2m p-y
200 p-y

p-y
p-y

Estimation of Lateral Deformation Responses for

Monopile Foundation - p-y Curves Method
Weng-Chong Lin

Ti-Ying Huang

Wei-chen Tseng

Yu-Ling He

Yu-Shu Kuo

* Asistant Professor, Department of Hydraulics and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University

ABSTRACT
Monopiles are used as foundation for offshore wind turbine, which are open-ended steel pipe
piles with large diameters. For the offshore wind energy converter of 5 MW and higher, the pile
diameter could be larger than 5 m. The p-y curves method has been used extensively for pile
foundation design over the past years. The p-y curves for the piles in cohesionless soil are determined
based on the field test results with pile diameter less than 2 m, and number of cycles is less than 200
under cyclic loading condition. Hence, some modifications of p-y curves need to be considered for
the monopile foundation designing of offshore wind turbine. The suitability of p-y curves for
designing monopile foundation is reviewed in this study. The reduction of subgrade reaction modulus
due to pile diameter, the effect of high-cycle of cyclic lateral load and scour around the monopile are
considered in the modifications of p-y curves. The deformations calculated with unmodified p-y
curves seem to be under estimated.
Keywords: Offshore wind energy; Monopile; p-y curves method

s 0.5 (

-863-

) 1

p-y [Li et al.

(2010)]

p-y

p-y
p-y

p-y 2API(2000)
p-y
p-y Murchison & O'Neill (1984)
(1)(2) Pus PudPus Pud
Pu
z

(1)
(2)

Pu (kN/m) s

1 monopile

(kN/m3)z (m)

()C C C

p-y (IEC61400-3, DNV(2000),

GL(1999), ISO19902)p-y

(m) p y

( <2m) p-y

(3)

[Reese(1974)]

(monopile) API p-y monopile

tanh

p-y

y
3.0

(3)
0.8

H
D

0.9 2 p-y

p-y

p-y monopile

0.9

p-y

[Achmus et al.(2008)]

( 1)
S 1.5
[GL,1999,DNV,2000]

ISO19902 monopile

2 p-y
[ Reese et al.(1974)]

p-y

-864-

 p-y

p-y 2m

Lc
Lc

(D>4m)
3

[Lesny & Wiemann(2005),kuo et al (2012)]

n t

p-y

(6)

Wiemann & Lesny (2004) p-y

0.17

p-y k [Reese et

Long &

al.(1974),API(2002),DNV(1992)]

Vanneste(1994)

t=0.136[Achmus(2012)]

(4)

Wiemann & Lesny (2004)

(5)n

D>4m p-y (5)

(6) N

p-y (6)n

N (3)n

(5)

p-y

1m a

a=0.5 a=0.6
3

(general scour)(local scour)

n (3)

n p-y

S 1~1.5
D[DNV(2004),GL(2005)]

p-y

(D>4m) 1/4

Long & Vaneste (1994) 34

monopile

EN SIO

19902(2007)

N n

Zaaijer(2000)

-865-

P (1)(2)

p-y Lin et

(5)

al.(2010)

(3) p-y

(7)(8)

Dr,sc

D=5m t=0.06m L=30m

Gs=2.65 =11kN/m3

Dr,int

OCR

ln

r,int

r,sc

OCR

10

ln

emax

37.5 n =30000 kN/m3

7)

LPILE [Ensoft (2000)] p-y

p-y

(8)

6.1 p-y

OCR

max

p-y LPILE

[Ensoft (2000)] p-y

H 2.5 MN5 MN10 MN h

(9)
0.434

0 m15 m30 m
4 5 p-y

p-y

(10)

ys s

p-y

0.5 H 2.5 MN

Lin et al. (2010)

h 15 m

P P

ys 9% s 5%

Reese et al. (1974)

p-y

5MN 15m
tan

(11)

(12)

45

(13)
(14)

45

(15)

Reese & Van Impe (2001)Lin et al. (2004)

0.4

4 15 m

(11)(12)P

-866-


8 ys
S=7.5m
57%

5 5 MN

6.2
p-y
6 2.5 MN 0m

p-y

p-y H=2.5MN
6
p-y
N=1(static)N=10N=100N=1000
ys
1000
83%
0.5

6.3
p-y
7 10 MN 30 m

p-y
Zaaijer(2002) Lin et al.(2010)

S=7.5m H=10MN h=30m

7 Lin et al.(2010)
Zaaijer(2002)
ys
1000 Lin et
al.(2010)
Zaaijer(2002) 4%
0.5 15cm
N=100

8 H=2.5MN 15m
100

H=2.5MN h=15m Lin et al.(2010)

-867-

7. Lin, C., Bennett, C., Han, J. and Parsons, R.L.

(2010) Scour effects on the response of laterally

loaded piles considering stress history of sand,

Wiemann & Lesny (2004)

Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 37, Issue. 7-8,

p-y

pp. 1008-1014.

p-y

8. Wiemann, J., Lesny, K. and Richwien, W. (2004)

Evaluation of Pile Diameter Effects on Soil-Pile

p-y

Stiffness, Institute for Soil Mechanics and

Long & Vanneste(1994)

Foundation

9. Zaaijer M.B. (2002) Design Methods for Offshore

Wind Turbines at Exposed Sites Sensitivity

Analysis for Foundations of Offshore Wind

Turbines, Delft University of Technology.

-B3
(NSC 101-3113-P-006 -016 )

1. (2011)
-

Institute

(API)

(2000)

Recommended practice for planning, designing

and

constructing

working

stress

fixed
design,

offshore
API

platforms-

Recommended

Practice 2A-WSD (RP2A-WSD), 21st edition,

Dallas.
3. DNV.

Design

of

Offshore

Wind

Turbine

Structures. Offshore Standard, Det Norske Veritas,

Norway, 2004.
4. Germanischer Lloyd. (2005) Guideline for the
Certification

of

Offshore

of

Essen, Germany.

Petroleum

University

Duisburg-Essen, Universittsstr. 15, D-45117

Lin et al.(2010)

2. American

Engineering,

Wind

Turbines,

Germanischer LIoyd, Hamburg, Germany.

5. Krolis, V.D., Tempel, J van der, Vries, W. de.
(2008) Evaluation of foundation design for
monopole support structures for offshore wind
turbines.
6. Long, J.H. and Vanneste, G. (1994) Effects of
Cyclic Lateral Loads on Piles in Sand, Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 120, No. 1.

-868-