5.

THE NUMERAL
5.1. THE CARDINAL NUMBERS
Cardinal numbers are used to refer to an exact number of things, etc.:
Zero, nought, oh, love, nil.
One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen.
Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen twenty. Twenty-one.
Twenty-two. Twenty-three. Twenty-four. Twenty-five. Twenty-six-.twenty-seven.
twenty-eight. twenty-nine. Thirty. Forty. Fifty. Sixty. Seventy. Eighty. Ninety.
one hundred,one hundred and one. one hundred and five. one hundred and twentyfive.
two hundred. two hundred and one. one thousand.
one thousand, two hundred and forty-six.
two thousand and ten. ten thousand. one hundred thousand. three hundred
thousand.
one million. five million. one billion
NOTES:
1. The figure 0 can be written and pronounced in the following ways:
zero/'ziru/- usually used in American English, in mathematics,
for temperature
nought /n~:t/ used in British English, in mathematics
154

oh /u/ - used when reading out long numbers, one figure at a time (e.g. telephone
numbers, account numbers, etc.)
nil/nil/ - used to express scores in team games
love /lv/ - used to express scores in tennis
2. The numbers between 13 and 19 are-made up with the help of the suffix
-teen which is usually stressed: thirteen, ..., nineteen.
3. The names of tens are made up with the help of the suffix -ty, but the stress
is on the first syllable of the number: twenty, thirty, ..., ninety.
4. The hyphen between the tens and the units must always be used:
twenty-five; sixty-four.
5. We write three, but thirteen and thirty, four, fourteen, but forty; five, but
fifteen, fifty.
6. Unlike most other languages, in English the numbers over 999 that are
written in figures get a comma or a blank after the fourth figure from the
end, the seventh figure from the end, etc. dividing the figures into groups
of-three:
1,987 - 1 987
2,513,608-2 513 608
7. When the cardinal number contains a full stop, the number or numbers
that occur after the full stop indicate a fraction:
7.25 (= seven point twenty-five)
8. When we write in words or say a number over 100, we must put and before
the number expressed by the last two figures:
102 = one hundred and two
1120 - one thousand, one hundred and twenty
However, and is often omitted in American English:
129 = one hundred twenty-nine
9. A is usually used before hundred, thousand, million when they stand alone
or in informal English:
This watch cost a hundred dollars.
There were not more than a thousand people on the beach.
and one in formal English or when these words are followed by other
numbers:
One hundred and twenty-four.
One thousand and five.
10. The words hundred, thousand, million, dozen (= 12), score (= 20) and
gross (= 144) are never used in the plural when preceded by a definite
number Or by several, a few or a couple of:
155

Two hundred years

Five thousand books
Ten million people
Three dozen boxes
Ten score pencils
Several hundred children
A few thousand dollars
A couple of hundred pages
The word gross is always followed by ofwhen preceded by a definite number:
Two gross of drawing pins,
However, the words hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score and
gross are used in the plural when they express an indefinite number:
Hundreds of girls
\
Thousands of flowers
Millions of people
Scores of letters
They sell in dozens and in grosses
When these words are preceded by many they are also used in the plural:
Many hundreds/thousands/etc.
Common Ways of Calculating
a) addition:
2+3=5
Two and three is/are five, (informal)
Two plus three equals five, (formal)
b) subtraction:
9-3 = 6
Nine take away 3 is six.
Three from nine is six. (informal)
Nine minus three is six. (formal)
c) multiplication:
7x8 = 56
Seven eights are fifty-six, (informal)
Seven times eight is fifty-six, (informal)
Seven multiplied by eight equals fifty-six, (formal)
d) division:
8:4 = 2
49 : 9 = 5
(remainder 4)
Eight divided by four is two. (informal)
Eight divided by four equals two. (formal)
Forty-nine divided by nine is five, and the remainder is four.
e) powers:
35-5 = 241
Three to the power five is two hundred and forty-one.
f) roots:
Rdcin ptrat din 25 = 5
The square root of twenty-five is five.
Rdcin la a treia din 27 = 3.
The cube root of twenty-seven is three.
156

Fractions
a) Vulgar/Common Fraction
Such fractions as 1/2 (one half); 2/3 (two thirds); 3/5 (three fifths); 4/10
(four tenths); etc. are called vulgar/common fractions. The number below the
line tells the name of the parts and is known as the denominator, and the
number above the line tells how many parts there are, and is known as the
numerator.
Before adding or subtracting such fractions, we must convert them so that
they have the same name or common denominator:
3/5+2/3= (3x3)/(5x3) + (2x5)/(3x5)= (9+10)/15=19/15=1 and 4/5
One (whole) and four fifths
-1/2= -(1x2)/(2x2)=(3-2)/4= 1/4-=
One fourth (quarter)
The common denominator is the lowest number that all the denominators
will divide into without remainder.
When multiplying fractions, it is simply necessary to multiply numerators
by numerators, and denominators by denominators:
3/5x2/7=(3x2)/(5x7)=6/35
Six thirty-fifths
When dividing by a fraction, we must change the division sign to a
multiplication sign and invert the fraction immediately following that sign:
:7/10=3/4x10/7=(3x10)/(4x7)=30/28=15/14=1 and 1/4
One (whole) and one fourteenth
When this type of fraction expresses a number of hundredths, it is called
percentage. So, 3/100 may also be expressed as 3 % (= three per cent)
b) Decimal Fractions
A number such as 0.5 read (nought) point five is called decimal fraction.
The dot in the numeral is called decimal point.
When adding or subtracting decimals, the decimal points, including that in
the answer, must always be kept under one another. The process is then
exactly as with ordinary numbers:
4.07+ 12.61+ 3.06=19.74
276.45- 41.37=235.08
157

Since decimals are numbers expressed to a base of 10, if we wish to multiply

by powers of 10 it is simply necessary to move the decimal point as many
places to the right as there are noughts in the multiplier. If there are not enough
figures, then noughts must be added:
0.436 x
10=
4.36
0.436 x
100= 43.6 ,
0.436 x 1000= 436
0.436 x. 10,000 = 4360
In multiplying with decimals, we should multiply as we multiply whole
numbers. The sum of the numbers of decimal places in the multiplier and the
multiplicant is equal to the number of decimal places in the product:
0.3x0.7 = 0.21
When we divide by powers of 10, we move the decimal point as many
places to the left as there are noughts in the division. If there are not enough
figures, then noughts must be placed in front of the number to fill up the
empty spaces:
235.7+
10 = 23.57
235.7 :
100= 2.357
235.7 : 1000= 0.2357
235.7:10,000= 0.02357
When dividing by decimal quantity, we must make the divisor into a whole
number by moving the decimal point to the right. We balance this by moving
the decimal point in the dividend the same number of places. Then we must
place the decimal point in the quotient immediately above the one in the
dividend:
5.675 + 0.25 = 567.5 + 25 = 22.7
<title>Measurements
a) Linear Measure (The Imperial System and the Metric System)
1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimetres
12 inches = 1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 metre
3 feet = 1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 metre
5.5 yards = 1 rod/pole/perch = 5.029 metres
40 rods = 1 furlong = 201.17 metres
8 furlongs/1,760 yards/5,280 feet = 1 (statute) mile = 1.6093 metres
3 miles = (1- land) league = 4.83 Kilometres
b) Nautical Measure
6 feet = 1 fathom
100 fathoms = 1 cable's length = 1.829 metres
10 cable's lengths = 1 nautical mile = 1.852 kilometres
158

3 nautical miles = 1 marine league = 5.56 kilometres

60 nautical miles ='1 degree of a great circle of the earth
c) Square Measure
,
1 square inch = 6.452 square centimetres
144 square inches = 1 square foot = 292 square centimetres
9 square feet = 1 square yard = 0. 8361 square metre
30 1/4 square yards = 1 square rod/pole/perch = 25.29 square metres
160 square rods = 1 acre = 0.4047 hectares
640 acres = 1 square mile = 259 hectares = 2.59 square kilometres
d) Cubic Measure
1 cubic inch = 16.387 cubic centimetres
1.728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic metre
27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard = 0.7646 cubic metre
16 cubic feet = 1 card foot
8 card feet = 1 card = 3.625 cubic metres
e) Liquid Measure
1 gill = 4 fluid ounces = 7.219 cubic inches = 0.1183 litre
4 gills = 1 pint = 28.875 cubic inches = 0.4732 litre
2 pints = 1 quart = 57.75 cubic inches = 0.9463 litre
4 quarts = 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches = 3.7853 litres
f) Dry Measure
1 pint = 33.60 cubic inches = 0.5505 litre
2 pints = 1 quart = 67.20 cubic inches = 1.102 litres
8 quarts = 1 peck = 537.61 cubic inches = 8.8096 litres
4 pecks = 1 bushel = 2,150.42 cubic inches = 35.2383 litres
g) Avoirdupois (Commercial Weight)
1 grain = 0.0648 gram
1 dram = 27.34 grains = 1.772 grams
16 drams = 437.5 grains = 1 ounce (oz.) = 28.3495 grams
16 ounces = 7,000 grains = 1 pound (lb.) = 453.59 grams
14 pounds = 6.35 kilograms = 1 stone (st.)
100 pounds = 1 hundredweight (cwt) = 45.36 kilograms
2,000 pounds = 1 ton = 907.18 kilograms
2,240 pounds = 1 long ton = 1,016.05 kilograms
h) Troy Weight (used to weigh gold, jewels, etc.)
1 grain = 0.0648 gram
3.086 grains = 1 carat = 200 miligrams
24 grains = 1 pennyweight = 1.5552 grams
20 pennyweights = 480 grains = 1 ounce = 31.1035 grams
12 ounces = 5,760 grains = 1 pound = 373.24 grams
159

i) Apothecaries' (Pharmaceutical) Weight

1 grain = 0.0648 grams
20 grains = 1 scruple - 1.2960 grams
3 scruples = 1 dram = 3.888 grams
8 drams = 480 grains =1 ounce = 31.1035 grams
12 ounces = 5,760 grains = 1 pound = 373.24 grams
j) Circular / Angular Measure
60 seconds (") - 1 minute (')
60 minutes =' 1 degree ()
90 degrees = 1 quadrant / right angle
180 degrees = 1 straight angle
,360 degrees = 1 circle
NOTES:
1) The words ounce, pound, ton and stone can take s in the plural when they
are used as nouns, but the word hundredweight can never get a plural
form:
Three pound/pounds of flour.
Five hundredweight of coal.
2) When we refer to more than one foot, either foot or feet can be used, feet
being more usual when referring to heights:
five foot/feet tall
three foot/feet long
Besides the adjectives tall and long, other adjectives that can follow
measurement nouns are: broad; deep; high; thick; wide.
3) Some measurement nouns can be followed by prepositional phrases
beginning with in: in area; in depth; in distance; in height; in length; in size;
in thickness; in volume; in weight; in width.
The garden was about two acres in area.
The boy was six feet in hight.
4) When the words expressing measurement make part of a compound
adjective, they never take s:
A ten-ton lorry
An eight-inch ruler
A two-hour journey
A thirty-day month
160

Telling the Time

1.00-Its one o'clock a.m. / It's one a.m.
1.15-Its a quarter past one.
2.30- Its half past two.
3.05- Its five (minutes) past three.
4.10- Its ten (minutes) past four.
5.20- Its twenty (minutes) past five.
8.25- Its twenty-five (minutes) past eight.
9.45- Its a quarter to ten.
6.55- Its five (minutes) to seven.
8.35- Its twenty-five (minutes) to nine.
10.40- Its twenty (minutes) to eleven.
11.50- Its ten (minutes) to twelve.
15.00- Its three o'clock in the afternoon. / p.m.
19.30- Its half past seven in the evening. / p.m.
23.15- Its a quarter past eleven at night. / p.m.
In timetables, military orders, etc., the times will be read as follows:
0700
(oh) seven hundred hours (= 7.00 a.m.)
1130 eleven thirty (= 11.30a.m.)
1200 twelve hundred hours (= midday)
1545 fifteen forty-five (= 3.45 p.m.)
2110 twenty-one ten (=9.10 p.m.)
2400 twenty-four hundred hours (= midnight)
Expressing Age
We can express a person's age in the following ways:
a) with the help of the verb to be followed by a number
Tom is fifteen (years old).
b) with the preposition of after a noun, followed by a number
She was a girl of twelve.
c) with the word aged /eidzid/ after the noun, followed by a number
He had a daughter aged fifteen.
d) with the help of a compound adjective, made up of a number followed
by a singular noun referring to a period of time, followed by the word old.
These words are hyphened
A fifteen-year-old boy
A two-month -old baby
161

e) with the help of a compound noun consisting of a number followed by

year-old
We were met by Kerry, a pretty twenty-year-old.
All the seven-year-olds will go to school in September.
If we want to refer to somebody's age in an approximate way, we can do it
in the following ways:
a) by using in followed by a possessive determiner, followed by a plural
noun referring to a particular range of years such as teens, thirties, etc.
When Rosemary was in her teens;...
The two men were both in their mid-fifties.
b) with the help of the words over or under followed by a number
I think she is over sixty.
All those present were under twenty.
c) with the words above or below followed by the age of and a number
She is below the age of thirty.
I'm sure her sisters are above the age of twenty.
d) by using a compound noun that indicates a group of people whose age
is more or less than a particular number. This compound noun consists of
over or under followed by the plural form of a number
The over-eighteens will be allowed to see this film.
The under-fourteens will not be given identity cards.
e) by means of the word of followed by a possessive adjective or a noun in
the possessive case, followed by the noun age, to show that somebody's age
is similar to somebody else's age. The preposition of can be omitted
You can play with children of your own age.
I suppose Julie is Loren's age.
The age of a thing can be expressed by:
a) the verb to be followed by a number, followed by years old
This house is fifty years old.
,
b) a compound adjective indicating the century when something was made
or existed. In this case, the ordinal number must be used before the word
century
An eleventh-century fortress.
Telephone Numbers
Each digit of a telephone number is usually spoken separately except in
the case of two identical digits occuring together, which are said as "double
three", "double seven", etc. The digits are spoken in groups of two or three,
with slight pauses between the groups:
162

142093
(One - four - two - oh - nine - three)
56679
(Five - double six - seven - nine)
43338
(Four - double three - three - eight)
43338 (Four - three - double three - eight)
NOTE:
In American English, zero or nought is usually used instead of oh.
Temperature
Temperature is expressed in degrees, using either degrees centigrade or
degrees Fahrenheit. While in everybody language the word "centigrade"is
used, in scientific language the term "Celsius" refers to the same scale of
measurement:
Centigrade. Fahrenheit
- 17.8. 0
-10. 14
0. 32
10. 50
20. 68
30. 86
40. 104
50. 122 '
60. 140
70. 158
80. 176
90. 194
100. 212
Money
The British money is as follows:
coins:
One Penny (1p); Two Pence (2p); Five Pence (5p);
Ten Pence (10p); Twenty Pence (20p); Fifty Pence (50p);
One Pound (1)
Notes:
One Pound ( 1) (used in Scotland); Five Pounds ( 5);
Ten Pounds ( 10); Twenty Pounds ( 20);
Fifty Pounds (50); One Hundred Pounds ( 100).
The American money is:
coins:
One cent (1 c); Five Cents (5 c) - "A Nickel";
Ten Cents (10 c) - "A Dime"; Twenty-five Cents (25 c) - "a quarter";
Fifty Cents (50 c) - "a half-dollar".
Notes:
One Dollar ($ 1); Five Dollars ($ 5); Ten Dollars ($ 10);
Twenty Dollars ($ 20); Fifty Dollars ($ 50);
One Hundred Dollars ($ 100).
163

<title>5.2. THE ORDINAL NUMBERS

When we want to identify or indicate something by indicating where it comes
in a series or sequence, the ordinal numbers are used. They are formed with
the help of the suffix -th added to the cardinal numbers or their equivalents,
except the first three numbers which have irregular forms, and the compound
numbers with which only the last figure gets its ordinal form:
the first. The twenty-first.
the second. the twenty-second
the third. The twenty-third.
the fourth. The twenty-fourth.
the fifth.
the sixth. The thirtieth
the seventh.
the eighth. The ninetieth
the ninth.
the tenth. The one hundredth.
the eleventh. The ten thousandth.
the twelfth.
the thirteenth. The one millionth
the fourteenth.
the fifteenth. The nth
. the thirty-somethingth
the twentieth
The irregular spelling of some ordinal numbers should be noted: five - the
fifth; eight - the eighth; nine - the ninth; twelve - the twelfth; twenty - the
twentieth.
The ordinal numbers may have the function of:
a) an adjective
January is the first month of the year.
b) a noun
All the firsts got prizes.
c) a pronoun
The first story was boring, but the second was quite interesting.
164

d) an adverb
,
Which is the second largest city in England?
I'm not going to the cinema with my brothers: first(ly) I am very
tired; second(ly) I don't like such films.
We arrived first.
Ordinal numbers can also be written in an abbreviated form, the number
expressed by the figures being followed by the last two letters of the respective
ordinal number: the 1st; the 2nd; the 3rd; the 4th; the 10th; the 21st; the 52nd;
the 76th.
Dates may be written in the following ways:
April 1, 1946;
April 1st, 1946;
1 April 1946;
1st April 1946;
1st of April 1946
but, when reading or speaking, the ordinal numbers must be used in all
these cases. In reading or speaking years, the word thousand will never be
used. Thus, the year 1969 may be read either nineteen hundred and sixty-nine,
or simply nineteen sixty-nine. The years before the Christian era are followed
by the letters B.C. (before Christ), while those after Christ was born can be
accompanied by A.D. (= "anno Domini"/ in the year of our Lord).
Titles of kings must be written in Roman numbers: Charles I, Richard II,
Henry VIII; but they are read using ordinal numbers: Charles the First, Richard
the Second, Henry the Eighth.
The Roman Numbers are as follows:
I=1
II=2
III=3
IV=4
V=5
VI=6
VII=7
VIII=8
IX=9
X=10
XI=11
XII=12
XIII=13
XIV=14
XV=15
XVI=16
XVII=17
XVIII=18
XIX=19
XX=20
XXI=21
XXV=25
XXIX=29
XXX=30
XL=40

XLIX=49
L=50
LX=60
LXX=70
LXXX=80
XC=90
XCI=91
C=100
CX=110
CC=200
CCC=300
CD=500
CDXLIX=499
D=500
DC=600
DCC
- 700
DCCC
- 800
CM
- 900
M
- 1000
MI
- 1001
MC
- 1100
MCMLXXIX - 1979
MM
- 2000
165

NOTES :
a) Letters of the same value standing as a group are to be added together
xx = x + x
CCC = C + C + C = 300
MMM = M + M + M = 3000
b) A letter or group of letters to the right of another letter or group of letters of
greater value is to be added to it
XVII = X + V + I + I = 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 17
CX= C + X = 100 + 10 = 110
c) A letter to the left of another letter of a greater value is to be subtracted
from it
XC = C-X = 100-10 = 90
CD = D - C = 500 - 100 = 400
Where such a group appears to the right of a letter or group of letters of a
greater value, it is to be added to that group
CCXC = C + C + (C - X) = 100 + 100 + (100 - 10) =
= 100 + 100 + 90 = 290
MCMLXXIX = M + CM + LXX + IX = 1000 + (1000 - 100) +
+ (50 + 10+ 10) + (10-1) = 1000 + 900 + 70 + 9 = 1979
166

<title>5.3. THE MULTIPLICATIVE ADVERBIAL NUMERAL

This numeral shows the proportion in which a quantity is increased:
double / twofold
threefold
fourfold
tenfold
hundredfold
He repaid the money twofold.
There has been a tenfold increase in output
<title>5.4. THE DISTRIBUTIVE ADVERBIAL NUMERAL
It shows the distribution or grouping of objects:
one by one
two by two / by twos / in twos
ten by ten / by tens / in tens
She sells eggs in dozens.
<title>5.5. THE ADVERBIAL NUMERAL
It shows how many times an action is performed: once, twice, three times/
thrice (archaic), ..., ten times.
We sang that song twice.
Note the construction:
.'
(
They have twice as many books.
167

<*>5.6. EXERCISES
$ 1. READ AND WRITE THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS:
1; 4; 5; 10; 11; 14; ,18; 32; 40; 49; 57; 99; 100; 213; 901; 1000; 3723;
10 046; 0.03; 1.41; 5.345; 1/2; 3/4; 5/12; 9/17; 7/30.
$ 2. WHAT TIME is IT?
'
a) 3:00; 11:00; 4:00; 7:00; 5:00; 10:00; 6:00; 9:00; 12:00; 1:00; 24:00;
b) 7:30; 9:45; 15:15; 10:05; 19:10; 22:20; 2:25; 23:35; 5:55; 6:15; 10:50.
$ 3. WORK ON THE MODEL:
It's five o'clock now. (an hour ago)
It was four o'clock an hour ago.
1. It's twelve o'clock now. (an hour ago)
2. It's nine o'clock now. (half an hour ago)
3. It's one o'clock now. (an hour ago)
4. It's ten minutes to nine, (ten minutes ago)
5. It's half past eight now. (twenty-five minutes ago)
6. It's twenty-five* minutes past seven, (ten minutes ago)
7. It's five minutes to twelve, (ten minutes ago)
$ 4. USE THE TIMETABLE BELOW TO ASK AND ANSWER ABOUT DIFFERENT
TRAIN TIMES
(DEPARTURES FROM BUCHAREST AND ARRIVALS IN BUDAPEST):
Bucharest
Budapest
23: 20.
12: 57
02: 00.
15: 37
10:23.
24:00
13: 53.
03: 30
15: 15.
04: 52
19:50.
07:12
$ 5. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1. What time do you get up?
2. What time do you have breakfast?
168

3. What time do you leave home?

4. What time do you get to school?
5. What time does your first lesson start ?
6. What time do you go back home?
7. What time do you have lunch?
8. What time do you finish your lessons?
9. What time do you turn on your tv set?
10. What time do you go to bed?
$ 6. READ THE FOLLOWING:
a) telephone numbers: 142093; 144764; 100060; 329774; 116619;
b) room numbers: 200; 101; 312; 803; 715; 420;
c) scores in sports: 3-2; 2-2; 3-0; 15-0 (tennis); 4-3.
$ 7. READ THESE YEARS:
1946; 1969; 1978; 1989; 1585; 1715; 1900; 1616; 1859; 1504; 1642 ;
AD 53; 200 BC.
$ 8. WORK ON THE MODELS:
a) 1981
It is 1981 this year.
It will be 1982 next year.
1989; 1970; 1993; 1921; 1909; 1915; 1792; 1979.
b) 1993
It is 1993 this year.
It was 1992 last year.
1972; 1388; 1896; 1613; 1519; 1981; 1274; 1990.
$ 9. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS USING THE FIGURES GIVEN IN
BRACKETS. WRITE THE YEARS IN LETTERS:
1. When did C. Marconi invent radio? (1895)
2. When was the White House built? (1792)
3. When was Australia discovered? (1616)
4. When was the typewriter invented? (1829)
5. When was the Eiffel Tower built? (1889)
6. When were the mountains on the moon discovered? (1609)
7. When did Elizabeth II become Queen of England? (1952)
8. When was W. Shakespeare born? (1564)
169

$ 10. WORK ON THE MODEL:

Jane / 43
How old is Jane?
a) She is forty-three (years old).
b) She is a woman of forty-three.
c) She is a woman aged forty-three.
d) She is a forty-three-old woman.
e) She is over forty.
1. How old are you? (10)
2. How old is your brother? (13)
3. How old is your mother? (36)
4. How old is your father? (41)
5. How old is your grandfather? (62)
6. How old is your cousin? (1)
$ 11. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. How many hours are there in a day?
2. How many days are there in a week?
3. How many weeks are there in a month?
4. How many months are there in a year?
5. How many pupils are there in your class?
6. How many days are there in January?
$ 12. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. How many seconds are there in a minute?
2. How many minutes are there in a degree?
3. How many degrees are there in a quandrant / right angle?
4. How many degrees are there in a straight angle?
5. How many degrees are there in a circle?
$ 13. READ AND WRITE THE FOLLOWING MONEY:
1 p; 5 p; 20 p; 50 p; 10; 20; 50; 1 0; 10 0; 25 0; $ 1; $ 10; $ 50;
$ 100.
$ 14. READ AND WRITE IN LETTERS THE FOLLOWING ROMAN NUMBERS:
III; IV; V; VI; IX; X; XI; XVIII; XX; XXX; XXXV; L; XL; LXX; C; XC; XCV;
CC; CCLIV; D; CD; DC; M; CM; MC.
$ 15. SUPPLY THE CORRESPONDING ORDINAL NUMBERS:
1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 8; 10; 11; 12; 13; 15; 19; 20; 21,; 32; 43; 54; .65; 79; 81; 100;
122; 313; 1000.
170

$ 16. WORK ON THE MODEL:

Sunday
Sunday is the first day of the week.
1. Saturday; 2. Monday; 3. Friday; 4. Wednesday; 5. Tuesday;
6. Thursday.
$ 17. WORK ON THE MODEL:
February
February is the second month of the year.
1. January; 2. October; 3. August; 4. July; 5. April; 6. November;
7. June; 8. March; 9. September; 10. December; 11. May.
$ 18. THE SUMMER HOLIDAYS ARE COMING. ALBERT, CHRIS AND PAUL WANT
TO GO TO THE MOUNTAINS FOR THREE OR FOUR DAYS IN JULY. FILL IN THE
BLANKS OF THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE WITH THE DATES GIVEN IN
BRACKETS. WRITE THESE DATES IN LETTERS:
Albert: As you know, our summer holidays start on ... (15) June.
Chris: I'm going to my grandparents on .. (2) July for three days.
So I can't go to the mountains on (2), (3) and (4).
Paul: Oh, but my mother's birthday is on (6). I want to be at home
for that.
Albert: And I must be here on ... (8) and (9) July. My cousins are
coming to visit me.
Chris: The weekend after that is my sister's wedding. That's (17)
and ... (18) July so I can't go till ... (19) July.
Paul: My parents are taking me on a trip to London between (20)
and ... (24) July. I'll be back home on ... (25) July.
Albert: This means we'll be able to go to the mountains after (26)
July.
$ 19. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1. When is the first school-day?
2. When is your birthday?
3. When is Christmas?
4. When is your national holiday?
5. When is the last school-day?
6. When is the last day of the year?
7. When is your mother's birthday?
8. What's the date today?
9. What's the date tomorrow?
10. When was W. Shakespeare born?
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$ 20. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES:

1. My friends go to the cinema every Saturday. They go to the cinema
2. Mother goes shopping every Monday and Friday. She goes shopping
3. We have Maths every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday.
We have Maths ...
4. George has English every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. He has English ...
5. I go fishing every Sunday. I go fishing ...
6. Father goes to work every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
and Friday. He goes to work ...
$ 21. MAKE UP MULTIPLICATIVE ADVERBIAL NUMBERS FROM THE
FOLLOWING CARDINAL NUMBERS:
'
2; 3; 4; 10; 20; 30; 50; 100.
$ 22. WORK ON THE MODEL:
7+5
How much is seven and five?
Seven and five is twelve.
1 +8
10 + 3
9 + 18
30-21
100-75
1250-500
3X6
7X10
120 + 4
15 + 3
0.5 + 0.7
1.7 + 6.2
8.6 - 3.5
10.06-4.02
37.4 X 10 '
42.5 + 100
3/5 - 1/5,
2/9 + 3/9'
2/3 X 5/7
8/9 X 2/7
6/7 : 3/14
2 la puterea a treia + 3 la ptrat.
Radical din 4 + radical din 25.
$ 23. USE THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN:
forty; love; thirty-one; oh; nought point five; two-by-two; hundreds; score;
dozen; gross; threefold; three fourths; fourteen; tenfold; once; the
twentieth; three times; nil.
$ 24. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:
1. Copiii au intrat n coal doi cte doi.
2. Am citit sute de pagini n ultimele sptmni.
3. Tocmai am cumprat dou duzini de cutii de chibrituri.
4. Cred c acum maina are mai mult de 100 km/or.
5. Biletul tu de clasa a doua este pentru data de 22 iunie.
6. Un sfert din locuitorii acestui orel lucreaz n min.

7. Numai dup ce am citit problema de trei ori am neles-o.

8. Ne ducem la teatru din dou n dou sptmni.
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9. Dup strngerea recoltei, anul acesta, ranii sper s obin un

ctig ntreit.
10. Am ntlnit-o o dat sau de dou ori, dar nu am discutat cu ea
niciodat.
11. Regele Richard III a fost unul din cei mai sngeroi regi din istoria
Angliei.
12. Capitolul IX mi s-a prut mult mai interesant dect capitolul VIII.
13. Care este rspunsul tu la cea de a douzeci i una ntrebare?
14. Nou ori doi fac optsprezece.
15. Trenul va sosi n jurul orei 23:10.
16. Invenia lui a adus un profit nzecit fabricii n care lucreaz.
17. Treizeci i doi minus apte fac douzeci i cinci.
18. Trei cincimi plus o cincime fac patru cincimi.
19. Opt virgul apte nmulit cu zece fac optzeci i apte.
20. Radical din optzeci i unu fac nou.