Band stop filters are Also called band-elimination, band-reject, or notch filters, this kind of filter

passes all frequencies above and below a particular range set by the component values. Not
surprisingly, it can be made out of a low-pass and a high-pass filter, just like the band-pass
design, except that this time we connect the two filter sections in parallel with each other instead
of in series.

Constructed using two capacitive filter sections, it looks something like

The low-pass filter section is comprised of R1, R2, and C1 in a T configuration. The high-pass
filter section is comprised of C2, C3, and R3 in a T configuration as well. Together, this
arrangement is commonly known as a Twin-T filter, giving sharp response when the
component values are chosen in the following ratios:

Given these component ratios, the frequency of maximum rejection (the notch frequency) can
be calculated as follows: we come to the band-stop filter. Sometimes this is called a band-reject
filter. We have a circuit here and
call it the We have a formula Fr

this is going to do, in fact sometimes they

here, this is frequency that is

rejected, and this will be one divided by two pi

At Low frequency C3 has a high reactance and the signal is passed through R1 and R2, it looks
like a low-pass filter so going along this branch this looks like a low-pass filter until you get to a
frequency that is high enough that C3 starts to conduct and then that signal is shunted away from
the input down through C3.

So the top half looks like a low-pass filter then C1 and C2 act like a high-pass filter so when they
get up to a certain value, C1 and C2 begin to conduct and it will pass it's signal to the input. The
circuit acts like a low-pass filter in parallel with a high-pass filter. At a specific frequency, the

leading and lagging signal applied to the input of the op amp will cancel each other out, resulting
in a notch in the band. So here we have a signal coming in here, and a signal coming in here. The
signal coming through here will Ok it will come through here but it will also go through this RC;
this is actually a RC network, which will cause the signal to lag a little bit behind. Then the
signal passing through here will lead that signal. It will both reach the system and there will be a
point where the two will tend to cancel each other out and we will end up with a notch.
Like bandpass filters, band-stop filters may also be classified as (i) wide-band and (ii) narrow
band reject filters.
The narrow band reject filter is also called a notch filter. Because of its higher Q, which exceeds
10, the bandwidth of the narrow band reject filter is much smaller than that of a wide band reject
filter.
Wide Band-Stop (or Reject) Filter.

A wide band-stop filter using a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter and a summing amplifier
is shown in figure. For a proper band reject response, the low cut-off frequency fL of high-pass
filter must be larger than the high cut-off frequency fH of the low-pass filter. In addition, the
passband gain of both the high-pass and low-pass sections must be equal.
Narrow Band-Stop Filter.

This is also called a notch filter. It is commonly used for attenuation of a single frequency such
as 60 Hz power line frequency hum. The most widely used notch filter is the twin-T network
.This is a passive filter composed of two T-shaped networks. One T-network is made up of two
resistors and a capacitor, while the other is made of two capacitors and a resistor.One
drawback of above notch filter (passive twin-T network) is that it has relatively low figure of
merit Q. However, Q of the network can be increased significantly if it is used with the voltage
follower. Here the output of the voltage follower is supplied back to the junction of R/2 and 2 C.
Notch filters are most commonly used in communications and biomedical instruments for
eliminating the undesired frequencies.

Sources:
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_8/5.html
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/videos/82.html
http://www.circuitstoday.com/band-stop-filter