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晶圓與晶片測試

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Purpose

Purpose of Wafer Sort


• Wafer Sort (W/S), also named Circuit Probing (C/P). That is to use the probe
tips (needles) to test every die on wafer by probing on bond pads. Then mark
on bad dice by ink or map to separate the good dice and bad die for next
process to reduce wasting assembly package cost. In general, if the average
cost of CP is US$ 0.1, assembly cost is about US$ 1.0. Depends on various
die size, there are many dice (50~50K dice) on a wafer (4, 5, 6, 8, 12 inch)
and not every dice is good. If all dice are assembled directly without wafer
sorting out bad dice, called blind-assembly*, the wasting cost of package will
be great much, even than wafer manufacturing charge. Therefore, how to
have a high reliability for testing result without overkill and underkill* is one
of key factor of a testing house.

¾Remark 1: Recently, there’re getting more IC design house choose sampling


testing or blind -assembly for decrease CP cost and expedite time-to-marking base
on the device of wafer manufacturing process in foundry is very stable and get very
high yield.
¾ Remark 2: Overkill: The actual is good die but testing result is bad.
Underkill: The actual is bad die but testing result is good.

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Wafer Sort

Wafer Sort Process Flow


Wafer
Wafer Wafer
Wafer WaferID
Wafer ID
WaferFoundry
Wafer Foundry
Receiving.
Receiving. IncomingQA
Incoming QA Sorting
Sorting

Wafer
Wafer Yield
Yield Wafer
Wafer
LaserRepair
Laser Repair
CP2
CP2 Judgement
Judgement CP1
CP1

Inkingor
Inking or Wafer
Wafer ShipOut
Ship Out&&Data
Data
Packing
Packing
Inkless
Inkless OutgoingQA
Outgoing QA Forward
Forward

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Test Head

Pad pitch & Pad size


Probe card
In-line Stagger Tri-tier

Wafer Map
Yield
Probe mark
Test Head
Binning
PIB ( Load Board,
Pogo tower, ……)
Probe Card
Wafer
Chuck

Z Stage
TESTER Forcer (X/Y motor)

TEST
Wafer Size
MANIPULAT

WORK
STATION HEAD
Notch/ Flat
OR

Alignment
Probing
PROB
Temperature
ER
Inking
Communication Interface: GPIB, ……...
RS232, TTL & RDP
國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Future Trend

Future Trend
• Fine pitch device (< 40um)
• Solder bump and uCSP ball wafer
• Gold bump wafer
• COF testing
• 12” wafer probing
• RF device
• Low-K wafer
• Sawn wafer probing for Known-Good-Die (KGD)
• Fully automation production

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
設備及材料

積體電路設計 晶圓製造Wafer 晶圓測試 IC封裝 封裝後測試 出貨


Circuit Design Fabrication Wafer Test Assembly and Packaging Ship
Packaging Final Test

晶圓測試所需設備及材料 :

晶圓 針測卡 針測機

負載板 國立高雄應用科技大學 測試系統


接合介面 機械系LSM ®
Test system

當 p ro b e c a rd 的 探 針 正 確 接 觸 w a fe r 內 一 顆
b o n d p a d s 後 , 送 出 s ta rt 訊 號 透 過 In te rfa c e
給 te s te r 開 始 測 試 , te s te r 完 成 測 試 送 回 分
類 訊 號 ( E n d o f te s t) 給 P r o b e r, 量 產 時 必
須 te s te r 與 p ro b e r 做 連 結 ( d o c k in g ) 才 能
測 試 。
Test Head

Load board
Probe card
wafer
Tester
Test
system prober

interface
國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Test 設備

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
晶圓測試設備

晶圓測試設備

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
EG-針測機

目前台灣最常見的針測機 :

EG
國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
TEL針測機

TEL 國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®


TSK針測機

TSK 國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®


針測卡實圖

針測卡實圖

懸臂式 垂直式

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Probe Card種類

Probe Card的種類
根據機械動作原理探針卡分成三類: 國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®

Cantilever Type Vertical Type Membrane Type


懸臂式 垂直式 薄膜式
PCB PCB
結構

PCB

Molding Resin Ceramic Plate Elastomer


Ceramic Ring Membrane
Probe Needle
Probe Needle Probe Tip
基本功能

Ceramic Plate
Over Drive

Scrub
Over Drive(Travel)
Over Drive(Travel)

Cantilever Tension Buckling Stress Pressure Multi Points


TEST-Pad

顯微鏡下的 pad 與針痕的關係圖

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
薄膜式

Probe mark

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
封裝後測試

Reliability Test Flow

Normal Leadframe Package

Moisture Sensitivity Level Assessment

Preconditioning

Open / Short Test


(One day)

Temp./Humidity Temp. Cycle High Accel. PCT High Temp. Thermal


Test Test Stress 168 hrs Storage Shock Test
168500 hrs. 200,500,1000 96 hrs. @121℃/2atm 168,500,1000hrs 300cycles
@85℃85%RH Cycle @130℃/85%RH (2-Weeks) @150℃ @-55℃~
(3-Weeks) @-65℃~150℃ (2-Weeks) (2-Months Moor) 125℃
(2-Months Moor)

Open / Short Test


(One day)

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®
Tests Methods Test Conditions
*1. Temperature Cyclic Test 0℃~100℃/-40 ℃ ~ 125 ℃
2. Temp + Power cyclic Test 3 power cycles during a temp. cycle
3. High Temp Storage 150 ℃
*4. Bending Cyclic Test 1~2 mm deflection @ 1~10 Hz
5. Four-Point Twisting
6. Push Test
*7. Shear Test
*8. Drop Test 1 meter height
9. Vibration Test Acceleration max. 60G (m/s2),
10. Shock Test Frequency: 3~2000 Hz, Sine/Random

Note: Available, conducted outside Referred spec. IPC SM 785


* General test items IPC 9701 (SJR-01, Rev 2) EIAJ ED 4702

國立高雄應用科技大學 機械系LSM ®

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