Well logging
The First Log
Well in Pechelbronn - France Surface Recording Instrument
The “First” Log recorded in 1927
Surface Acquisition Unit
Acquisition and Processing
Computers
Winch Control
& Power Unit
Depth
Measurement
Unit
Seven Conductor
Data Transmission Unit Cable
Mono Conductor
Cable
Logging Tools
Logging Tool
Electronics
Measurement Sensors (Sonde)
Depth Measurement
Mean Sea Level
Derrick Floor
Elevation (DFE)
True Vertical Depth
(TVD)
Logging Measured Depth
Depth Measurement :
Subsequent Run
GR in previous section
± 60m overlap
(through casing)
Casing shoe
Depth-matching between logs :
5,000 - 10,000 ft : 1 ft
10,000 - 20,000 ft : 2 ft
20,000 - 30,000 ft : 3ft
Gamma Ray Log (GR)
Total Depth (TD)
Depth Measurement - Wireline Logging
Tension device
Magnetic mark
detector Depth wheels Tool zero
Derrick floor
Datum level
Wireline Logging Logging while Drilling
Well
Sandstone
Depth
Claystone
Limestone
Shale
Granite
Open Hole Logs Formation Properties
• Resistivity • Rock type
• Nuclear • Porosity
• Acoustic • Permeability
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance • Fluid type
• Sampling • Fluid volume
• Formation tops
• Fractures
Perforation Cased Hole Logging
Applications of Cased Hole Logging
• Cement Evaluation
• Perforating
• Reservoir Monitoring
• Production Logging
• Corrosion Evaluation
Cement Evaluation
Cement Bond Log (CBL) principle
CBL measurement
Cement Evaluation
Receivers
Transmitters
CBL-VDL
tool configuration
CBL-VDL Sample Log
Cement Evaluation
Ultrasonic reflections
Rotating
Ultrasonic Transducer
Side view Top view
Cement Evaluation
Internal radius Ultrasonic Imager Sample Log
Liquid
Index
Raw Acoustic Processed
Casing Impedance Acoustic
internal & Impedance
external
radii map
Cement
Index
External Radius Cement channel
Perforation
Casing
Casing
Perforating Gun Production Zone
Completion Fluids
Reservoir Monitoring
New
Original OWC
OWC
Water
drive
Reservoir Monitoring
Reservoir Saturation Tool - RST* Log Example
Production Logging
Well and Completion problems Reservoir flow problems
Production Logging
Hydrocarbon
Water
Fluid Profile
Flow in vertical wells
Fluid flow profile in the casing cross-section
as a function of Well Deviation and Water Hold-up
Corrosion Evaluation
Location of Corrosion in Wells
STRESS
ACID
OXYGENATED/
SALINE FLUIDS POOR
CEMENT
CORROSIVE
ANNULUS FLUID
BIMETALLISM
CORROSIVE
H2S
FORMATION
CO2
FLUID
STAGNANT +
FLUIDS H2O
Corrosion Evaluation
TOOL APPLICATIONS
TGS /
METT MPAT PAT
CPET CET UCI
MFC
INTERNAL CORROSION
EXTERNAL CORROSION
SINGLE
PITS ON OUTER WALL
PITS ON INNER WALL
CORROSION RATE TL TL TL
CASING
CATHODIC PROTECTION EVL.
TOTAL CORROSION TL
DUAL CORROSION RATE TL
Inner
CORROSION LOCATION: Casing
INNER OR OUTER STRING ? TL
CASING
AIR-FILLED OR GAS-FILLED
BOREHOLE
COND- CIRCUMFERENTIAL up to 7''
MFC
TGS
ITIONS COVERAGE
9 5/8 ''
GOOD FAIR TL = Time-Lapse
Cased Hole Evaluation
Wellbore:
production logging
Casing / tubing:
perforation
corrosion inspection
Cement:
cement evaluation
Formation:
reservoir monitoring
Surface Seismic Acquisition
3D Surface Seismic Data
Wireline - Borehole Seismic Acquisition
Borehole Seismic Applications
• Time-to-depth conversion
• Synthetic Seismic generation
• Gassmann fluid substitution
• Investigation of possible AVO effects
Horizontal Well Logging
Cable
Drill Pipe
Cable side-entry sub
Logging Tools
Heading
The LOG
Remarks
Tool sketch/ After survey
Well sketch calibration
Before survey
calibration
Main log
(1/200 scale)
Direction of Shop
survey run calibration
Data quality form
(optional)
Repeat section
(1/200 scale)
COMPANY: My Oil Company
WELL: P-1
Log
FIELD: P
Header LOCATION: LAND
Location: 526754 E 6785651
DUAL INDUCTION /
DENSITY / NEUTRON
Schlumberger MICROLOG / GAMMA RAY
Elev.: K.B.
LOCATION
G.L. 0.0 M
D.F. 12.0 M
N Permanent Datum: MSL Elev.: 1.3 M
P
Company:
Log Measured From: DRT 10.7 M above Perm. Datum
Country:
Drilling Measured From: DRT
Field:
Well:
API serial No. SECTION TOWNSHIP RANGE
12-123-123456
Logging Date 9 DEC 1987
Run Number 1
Depth Driller 3334.0 M
Schlumberger Depth 3338.5 M
Bottom Log Interval 3337.5 M
Top Log Interval 2904.0 M
Casing Driller Size @ Depth 9 5/8" @ 2903.0 M 12 1/4" @ 2001.0 M
Casing Schlumberger 2904.0 M 2001.5 M
Bit Size 8 3/8"
Type Fluid In Hole KCL-GYP
Density Viscosity 1.22 G/CC 52.0 S
MUD
Fluid Loss PH 3.2 C3 10.3
Source of Sample Flow Line
RM @ Measured Temperature 0.076 OHMM @ 14.0 DEGC
RMF @ Measured Temperature 0.060 OHMM @ 14.0 DEGC
RMC @ Measured Temperature 0.222 OHMM @ 14.0 DEGC
Source RMF RMC Press Press
RM @ BHT RMF @ BHT 0.023 @ 94 0.019 @ 94
Maximum Recorded BHT 94 94 93
Circulation Stopped 9:00 8/12
Logger on Bottom 21:58 8/12
Unit Number Location 2603 HOT
Recorded By G.Sutherland
Witnessed By R.J. Branvold
Well and Tool Sketch Tool Sketch
Main Log and Repeat Section
Event Marker summary
Log Curve Scales
1/200
Radial Image
Depth Scale
Log Curves
Depth Lines
Depth
Main Log
Calibrations
Tool Combinations
9.80m Gamma ray
11m
6.30m Neutron
0.79m Litho-Density
2m
Gamma Ray
Platform Express - The New Standard
Platform Express
Specifications
Neutron
Gamma Ray
& Neutron
Standard
Triple Combo
Density
Micro-Resistivity
Density &
Micro-Resistivity
38 ft
Platform
Express
Resistivity
Resistivity
Depth of Investigation
and Resolution Formation
Depth of
investigation
Tool
Resolution
Borehole
Log
Depth of Investigation and Resolution of Logging Tools
Induction 80 cm
log
Resistivity
Laterolog 80 cm
Resolution
Neutron 40 cm
Radioactivity
Gamma-ray 30 cm
Density 20 cm
Acoustic Sonic 60 cm
Micro resistivity 5 cm
Micro log
Resistivity 2 cm
Dipmeter
250 cm 200 cm 150 cm 100 cm 50 cm 0 cm
Depth of Investigation
Depth of Investigation Fullbore Formation
vs Resolution Micro-Imager Tool
and Sensor Design (FMI)
Sensor Size < 5mm
Total Sensors : 192
Dual Laterolog Tool ( DLL)
3 meter