Well logging

The First Log

Well in Pechelbronn - France Surface Recording Instrument

The “First” Log recorded in 1927

Surface Acquisition Unit

Acquisition and Processing

Computers

Winch Control
& Power Unit

Depth
Measurement
Unit

Seven Conductor
Data Transmission Unit Cable
Mono Conductor
Cable
 Logging Tools

Logging Tool
Electronics

Measurement Sensors (Sonde)

Depth Measurement

Mean Sea Level

Derrick Floor
Elevation (DFE)

True Vertical Depth

(TVD)

Logging Measured Depth

Depth Measurement :
Subsequent Run
GR in previous section

± 60m overlap
(through casing)

Casing shoe

Depth-matching between logs :

5,000 - 10,000 ft : 1 ft
10,000 - 20,000 ft : 2 ft
20,000 - 30,000 ft : 3ft

Gamma Ray Log (GR)

Total Depth (TD)

Depth Measurement - Wireline Logging

Tension device

Magnetic mark
detector Depth wheels Tool zero

Derrick floor

Datum level
Wireline Logging Logging while Drilling
 Well

Sandstone
Depth
Claystone

Limestone

Shale

Granite

Open Hole Logs Formation Properties

• Resistivity • Rock type
• Nuclear • Porosity
• Acoustic • Permeability
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance • Fluid type
• Sampling • Fluid volume
• Formation tops
• Fractures
Perforation Cased Hole Logging
 Applications of Cased Hole Logging

• Cement Evaluation
• Perforating
• Reservoir Monitoring
• Production Logging
• Corrosion Evaluation
Cement Evaluation

Cement Bond Log (CBL) principle

CBL measurement
Cement Evaluation

Receivers

Transmitters

CBL-VDL
tool configuration

CBL-VDL Sample Log

Cement Evaluation

Ultrasonic reflections

Rotating
Ultrasonic Transducer

Side view Top view

Cement Evaluation
Internal radius Ultrasonic Imager Sample Log
Liquid
Index

Raw Acoustic Processed

Casing Impedance Acoustic
internal & Impedance
external
radii map

Cement
Index
External Radius Cement channel
 Perforation

Casing

Casing

Perforating Gun Production Zone

Completion Fluids
Reservoir Monitoring

New
Original OWC
OWC

Water
drive
Reservoir Monitoring

Reservoir Saturation Tool - RST* Log Example

 Production Logging

Well and Completion problems Reservoir flow problems

Production Logging

Hydrocarbon
Water

Fluid Profile

Flow in vertical wells

Fluid flow profile in the casing cross-section
as a function of Well Deviation and Water Hold-up
Corrosion Evaluation
Location of Corrosion in Wells

STRESS
ACID

OXYGENATED/
SALINE FLUIDS POOR
CEMENT

CORROSIVE
ANNULUS FLUID

BIMETALLISM

CORROSIVE
H2S
FORMATION
CO2
FLUID
STAGNANT +
FLUIDS H2O
 Corrosion Evaluation
TOOL APPLICATIONS
TGS /
METT MPAT PAT
CPET CET UCI
MFC
INTERNAL CORROSION
EXTERNAL CORROSION
SINGLE
PITS ON OUTER WALL
PITS ON INNER WALL
CORROSION RATE TL TL TL
CASING
CATHODIC PROTECTION EVL.

TOTAL CORROSION TL
DUAL CORROSION RATE TL
Inner
CORROSION LOCATION: Casing
INNER OR OUTER STRING ? TL
CASING
AIR-FILLED OR GAS-FILLED
BOREHOLE
COND- CIRCUMFERENTIAL up to 7''
MFC
TGS
ITIONS COVERAGE
9 5/8 ''

GOOD FAIR TL = Time-Lapse

 Cased Hole Evaluation

Wellbore:
production logging

Casing / tubing:
perforation
corrosion inspection

Cement:
cement evaluation

Formation:
reservoir monitoring
Surface Seismic Acquisition

3D Surface Seismic Data

Wireline - Borehole Seismic Acquisition
 Borehole Seismic Applications
• Time-to-depth conversion
• Synthetic Seismic generation
• Gassmann fluid substitution
• Investigation of possible AVO effects
Horizontal Well Logging

Cable

Drill Pipe

Cable side-entry sub

Logging Tools
 Heading
The LOG
Remarks

Tool sketch/ After survey

Well sketch calibration

Before survey
calibration
Main log
(1/200 scale)
Direction of Shop
survey run calibration

Data quality form

(optional)

Repeat section
(1/200 scale)
 COMPANY: My Oil Company
WELL: P-1
Log
FIELD: P
Header LOCATION: LAND

Location: 526754 E 6785651

DUAL INDUCTION /
DENSITY / NEUTRON
Schlumberger MICROLOG / GAMMA RAY
Elev.: K.B.

LOCATION
G.L. 0.0 M
D.F. 12.0 M
N Permanent Datum: MSL Elev.: 1.3 M
P

Company:
Log Measured From: DRT 10.7 M above Perm. Datum
Country:

Drilling Measured From: DRT

Field:

Well:

API serial No. SECTION TOWNSHIP RANGE

12-123-123456
Logging Date 9 DEC 1987
Run Number 1
Depth Driller 3334.0 M
Schlumberger Depth 3338.5 M
Bottom Log Interval 3337.5 M
Top Log Interval 2904.0 M
Casing Driller Size @ Depth 9 5/8" @ 2903.0 M 12 1/4" @ 2001.0 M
Casing Schlumberger 2904.0 M 2001.5 M
Bit Size 8 3/8"
Type Fluid In Hole KCL-GYP
Density Viscosity 1.22 G/CC 52.0 S
MUD

Fluid Loss PH 3.2 C3 10.3

Source of Sample Flow Line
RM @ Measured Temperature 0.076 OHMM @ 14.0 DEGC
RMF @ Measured Temperature 0.060 OHMM @ 14.0 DEGC
RMC @ Measured Temperature 0.222 OHMM @ 14.0 DEGC
Source RMF RMC Press Press
RM @ BHT RMF @ BHT 0.023 @ 94 0.019 @ 94
Maximum Recorded BHT 94 94 93
Circulation Stopped 9:00 8/12
Logger on Bottom 21:58 8/12
Unit Number Location 2603 HOT
Recorded By G.Sutherland
Witnessed By R.J. Branvold
Well and Tool Sketch Tool Sketch
Main Log and Repeat Section
Event Marker summary

Log Curve Scales

1/200

Radial Image
Depth Scale
Log Curves

Depth Lines
Depth
Main Log
Calibrations
Tool Combinations

9.80m Gamma ray

11m

6.30m Neutron

0.79m Litho-Density
2m
Gamma Ray
Platform Express - The New Standard
Platform Express
Specifications
Neutron
Gamma Ray
& Neutron
Standard
Triple Combo

Density

Micro-Resistivity
Density &
Micro-Resistivity
38 ft
Platform
Express
Resistivity

Resistivity
Depth of Investigation
and Resolution Formation

Depth of
investigation

Tool

Resolution
Borehole

Log
 Depth of Investigation and Resolution of Logging Tools

Induction 80 cm
log

Resistivity

Laterolog 80 cm

Resolution
Neutron 40 cm

Radioactivity
Gamma-ray 30 cm

Density 20 cm

Acoustic Sonic 60 cm

Micro resistivity 5 cm
Micro log
Resistivity 2 cm
Dipmeter
250 cm 200 cm 150 cm 100 cm 50 cm 0 cm
Depth of Investigation
Depth of Investigation Fullbore Formation
vs Resolution Micro-Imager Tool
and Sensor Design (FMI)

Sensor Size < 5mm

Total Sensors : 192

Dual Laterolog Tool ( DLL)

3 meter