FORGED Mark Nixon recently became one ofthe fr eporters fo visi the Republic of Spska Alr Force, the litle knoe air arm formed to protect the Serbian population in Bosnia EV HARD Fete 8bnown abouetie a force tatea n and around te rather Bosnian aye Bang Lula, even though thes raw both in existence fer mare then tan Year In September, the ther was invited 9 conduct ‘oficial wera wth Geeta aor Marlo Siegove, Crnander othe Bosnian Sets Aur Fore. This ole is based lngely onthe words 1 General Mair Silage and heat, Welcome to Banja Lukal Bosna, orto git Fomal nite of Basia and Herzegovina, 1s cunertly spit ino wa dsc ‘nd party suonemous ents sl governed fer the most patty the international earmants Uundar the ausgees of the Ofice of the Hh Representative (OHR), cunerty Pa Ashdoon (ne ste Boson Felertn wth scape 6 ‘Sarva, the other i the Republi Srp, ‘shows retof governments n Bana Luks Esch ry rae He own amy ana frce ther alleged inansigerce, nossabe nates, fan lek of ape) eammuntaton, In he Bek A Treg alg, ios Strkowe, 9 Bish Arms Offer nto served in Basa dung the ev wa, ted Republika Sata the re Sie Just before miogh on cl, wat stu rig, nay 03 ster sovenhour bus journey fom Belgas (On arial, an for he roto is ay, he ound the ‘notoriety’ ofthe Bosman Serbs to Se ompletaly falee - except far tho hate Droprietre, who neve charging pices wore "tual found Carl Lason! He eve found himsof treated as an honeured giet inthe Drvate home of senor staf officer of the Rene vardoplovvai pote durns sbrara opie Repuiaspsia(RV PV VRS) Formation ofthe RVi PVO VRS Fallonna the breskeus athe fer Yageslavin and the recegnition by the (new) Federal Feputie of Yugoslav (FRY) on Agel 2, 1, exe | aisiies | eettoe aie | soon pees ae s9F10. Hewas ‘peated see oranoerarne ey PaO rom 17 thot teary no anger ined! Bosna, the ‘sel-pocisimad’ stam of Republica Srpska was ‘eet ugaise ts ann dere ores. These consisted of former reauor NA (Jugetvenea Naredna Ami = fore Yugesoy Wit) units stationed in afeas controled by Republika Sips frees and locally-recrlte Teta Detere(TO}tores ‘ver the previo mathe, the JNA ha ban bool reacting teal in tare of command, equipment, layistis and personne. Consoquety, by May 1002 tre nowy ormad and ‘adependent military forces in Croatia (Gra Vojska Kran, SV], Bosnia aise Republi Sipska, VRS) and Yugoslavia ests gosta, Vi} wore selesuicent and manred predominantly by people whose bithplace Carespended wih te respective force The RVI PUOVRS wae iia armed on May 2, 180, coromory 9 make the event hig plsco at Zazan’ af toa, Republi Srpska. t Conducted [6 semoat serves that very 697, opine targets which were mainly in the Poraira regan af nother Bosnia The RV 1 UO Command was oransed athe sane lev 38 the army comms and reported dey tothe YRS Genara Sta, apt doe tty ese ‘Yanduhgpovakapus, or ArFuce Cups1m mamoreul ws, te SOKO 4.24 JasteD tigre Sgrcr bomber rma te Baekoane oF me Fepubiha Spsha AU Free. Hor aperef sevens rem w er parking 290% In @ rorsmare ot bana tanaienavians Note me {batane! weapons ptm unt topo wing She one a he roe BEN TO PEACES ‘Command of the RV PVO_VRS cut toon Us wats Back othe JNR 5, ¥aK (IN A Corps) nih wos povauly based Zagteh, Crata (nce wer ernie Jue 11, 5, VaK, under the command of Generate Havin Roz Inocied a vattne files a Zaleva or base, near Bac A gpa del ef he amare inthe we of equipment, aéministstion and fonmunicahon found th way 19 Bane Lake However, te personnel ware a ies tacas fling Mo ist Commantsr of RV PS ‘YRS, General Mar Zo ine. The wazcuhalovna baz (2) is 2 armlia th size of a regient, whioh proviges araunt ‘appar, aéministation, maitenance, ci fsagheerng Tacs, local a defence andthe Tn Thing ants and aiilés Therefore, 6 (ino 22NS Oreo Ege) SAN ZONE aapeys a on yplcu uewpan xd mre cara. sang 1% eae ofan atild, even though eli “indaesen (vom 1 #9) a: Hunting BL-78s cher Domb penser PODS hapam manbon, © fii) sugyasod, ATE Ye wae He asd Tally ‘mara Durty penetao” a Hughes ALLE. WEE spoT Coke a tase, near BISe In Ince theotaRViBVe Vesinegve RVIVO CTS Soran Lie 1), he bac found tsa Genesis ofthe Units tha peed trom June 1201 ta Mey 1029S @ the middle of a views Trait berweeR The names af he ants dasey resemble thse tw when Yugosicia was mob in a cel war, Slovanian separatists (offical republican ff former JNA units Despite. the close th unis consent bang raced, wthérsan government forces) ad the JNA. Every ennecton tebwaen the individual ants ofthe of ftsedThauth various wcaHors) However, mavesle eject ~ wn To unwoy Mang aad Vi PUO VRS andthe previous unis ofthe NB, —dsict Ines of anceshy can be seen lading the ILS stem ~ was diomanies and remoted it not covet say that hare wee right Back Omang oft RVI PVD UKs (August 12, 1D, a7 ub was ratormed in Transfar of command. & gar change aten Bana Lula and became responsible ba er the slgrias cml tata ut as sleet, rormed Komande RV iPVO VRS til arpr, drown lecaly 9s Mahon, and tr dstonced I stoult bo remembered tat ARngugh eat ranadaay acogneaba te HO whal was to bacomo Tha Relaplar Base al atomichan tha ete VRS a8 earganied and De ahora was opened 2s a cin spor on ay 21, 198 All major eilan airports In Yugoslavia fest 3 number of hardened aerate shelters (WAS), but in anticipation of Ihe need dsperse aycrart ntmes of war nly ower mits Faies tre Mateo) hae 3 single tarred runway (1795) 8206t [2,800m lang. In June 1801, the 262 Iba (25a Fer Bontor Squetren| was fora epiyed from Dubrave (Tuzla) wih Jasob snack area, but rpiacod sacn atenwards by the Oraee of 258 [ese aoviusly at Crile anon was prevousy eee bas Laka, and nowadays atten ss Alekeandrovac in Iomry of are Wend War Two aril ret Zaluzan afield was originally conctsted ding Ws arya bye cep Geman traning cenve with accommadstian bares, famoured vehicle teat acties and a vanity of faugh senimetalad and meta suraces fr renee divarsim practise on. Fam the a these lock ike runways ~ however, isis deceptive The ony runway 6 2 381oerg (11000) ase rumeay (1) which fs sabe ony for fat Sire Howcrer, 26 an open paces ie fr lve a8 3 helicopter bara The barracks 3t Zauzani ars inown a¢ the Nrajehn bigeda frigate) cad alee be found at ark. it fonvisted of tree squadrons. 27. bse 37H Fgter Bomber Squsion ing astes(Ha0k) ‘tack alrerat, 228 lea with Ora0 (Eagle) deack alters, and 351. ja (51st Reconmatsanee Squation} equpped wih = aged tr rconassance aes. Flowing an stack by 3 heavy mone banery cf the 2st cores ef te Slovenian TO en Lune 200, wae seeded te mave al tha area et Cork out of haw’ way. Tat nit, 6 aerate af various deseristions were flown out of Slovenia, the vast majey = Fam the B2 abr ‘naw coum to Zomunk a hese, nox Zadar" (rasta. A few days Inor, trey doped for (ges a base, seu Most Belo the atach Jesets and Oreos of 27 and 238 se ved Menges RU PIO RS overage Wate Sie rarest haraDuso Core sn marie pn Mn rare aera see para asp en ‘sitio ena papa it raj raha si i oon me one akon ats Geen ‘oro ate peer ekocu bs Heron re Var Se the Ferondo rm kPa erate mop Paece reed cbt ean Ha Danie 4 ey 5 {vey elean example ofthe NS tare past an erst colleton of support vhs s¢ ‘Mahorjan. Nets to badge of be Breyer based HOMA Sana}bve ovata fect ante fp: ‘hss. a more recom design hn te efi sy which inc'porteda Wisner es possibly pote post 1908, Ths would suggest tet thar hes been totgh the refp recess Scot tme. iwi ceded that the MOWA Starajovetcaes were guy) Sead Caring The Josaeb dos not have tip tanks fed fr tho ight aac ol since be sherronge nissiors foun byte 9pe pce grout enphesh on maroetrrebaty hen on endurance, Tix emblem othe ose off Jesoob te Lym tom Vise (Vibe bing te er taming Brough Bone Lu) and ‘es fried fom te foros Yugaslw Ai bore 234 Pglsr Bomber susan, EEA HE yet again to sina a wise. Fay, on august Gusev aufsceto-ar mile sytem. Dung Time monty ote aera relic aed ne mare the summer snd atu of Wt Floeed tine, 0 Mahon the Baya Luka egon and onthe omen atthe ‘On ty 7102 tvs yo eustrans—which by RV PVG RS ey, ry one east tthe tow ta undegane araus cenges in paso, Voktay vas operaie. Hover, am en wet "fecting th thing and four crew = berame the endof 18% tree tiene Volne ae ane the) thes and 7 Ins ithe RV PYO YRS, S- Dam(SA-t Guin bane ate ae ego aoe 8 Carrara HO Tho 155.1 PVG has always bean basod in Located 31 Pass a base near to Zaeted, nop aetrn Bosnians wae r-dengneted a2 Croatia, tne M1 abr (1th Avision Brigade) gad (155. tr PVO} withthe anon of 3 forsee of our squswons: S70 wae (ETN furoer er BK2S sweat (SA ope) wale anspor Squadron), 1 pone 71m ADK stems. In Mach 1585, became the BS. tr HaleepterSquasror, 713. poe and 720 me PV. The BA Ip PVO takes it name fom (ote anspor Halceper Squseen) dtfece frees engnaly based sound Plea at Elomerts ofall treo hiopar ssunérare, uate (lesa was corral by 9. vt). Howeve, ‘aong wit ason Felcopers ram airy co. tyre ne obearaton ungua t me RW PNO ‘operation units, founa their way ints the VRS, andercampasse antaireaftais 220 Irvenony of RY PVO VRS, nly forming t¥e and mm) and medium-lvel infra-red (IR) sGuasrene; ene of transport hlcopers ED) mele stone cur se MOOK Stale (GAB 1a) sed no amar eleope (1 pone) Gace, OKSIM Sala 2M (lcenesbult SAT Uunderthettle hp (Ih HelcoterReament, Gri ard BOD Iga 1 (2418 Gan awn rom ‘On Jy 26, 106, just wo marths der the numerous JNA unt March TE, the 84 Formation ef the Ri PYO VRS, the fling lap PY care the lan PND. elements were reorganised. 11. hp was In Februay TE he RY PYO VRS received a ‘Asbanded,anf'» row t= €2 Mae ferment numberof 2K" Kobe (SAeB Gand missle ontral bath fived wing and helicopter beter ard supporting emipment Based ‘peraions (The nano 6? donces the year ft rainy in rrthern Bosnia, thaugh with one ‘Sforastr). Theft Canmarder of 82 mabe batary in Sokaae eastern Bosna, 172 sip ‘roe Pukonik Slobodan Kuretuic, who was PVD had become uly operational byl D4 Sled ist aver 9 yer ber = en August 21889 - was. Kutt mise fred ty the 172 wp POO ‘dong wih feet is colleagues ina MINE whch bout down Scott O'Grady F18 on haleoper crash near Bika. The same ye, the lure 21005 wile on gatal deg an Operaton wo tlicapter squadrons were combined to DEW RIGHT sate In March 1268, the 72 sp uum Ee (th Wived Helconsr Squston), PO became ne S72. VO. Sthich become known as Tel mein March The i YOU was an nga ut unde THEE The wo Fxesing sqncrens were alse canmand the 5. Wak ize of responsibilty ‘ered, becoming inn simply 2 (The) Ie, cena Shveis and nentwestem Crema. On S78 2. ate wae rarumbered 8 mate. the formation of the BV 1 EVO VRS, @ retained From 100 ue G0 tre JN 15, p PVO (18H fe name, Btw ralocsed thoughout the ‘SAM Reginont wae bated # Kerertinac, next tetany of BIN (Bosnia snd Herzegovina) Zagie, std uss sted wih be sence o econo by the VRS. Iie corey inown 36The &. Jn was @ squstro of fiat icra ren fom fg cbs srund Bosna mote tallecton of local raduced TVA B8 ard 75s, ‘westm aicraft sth as te Piper Supe Cus fad Cessna 17, and F2L Wilga MO, Zin SOF fa Annoy Ans ofeastem ong Du the ‘er, evan ths squadron took pain bombing ‘psraions wiih small underwing rocket Taunenar), THe squad was abe it tree Figs, hasod at Zwan, Predera Bratunae aiields. In Gctnber 1685, the squadron Gionded srt the arora were retvnes to thar respective cis. The RV PYOVRS retans tg UTVA 78 fr fying ng, War and Peace The War" por of May 1852 Oscamber 185, romans mn puromaly sonst suijec fora Inarbete ot be VRS. Te Wires ofthe ICTY (trae crmial Tuna tor the Fomer ‘Yuguslavia) based in tha Hague looms svat prosot for tase who may have cromtiad wor mes dung the Yugosiy wars Many offers, both serving and rated, found themselves suddenly erected and charged, evan though thay Rad bean warkng for yrs alongside he interanend coramunty, Plots ona aftces ot tha RY PV VRS ee conor at ro charaee can ba bout against than as they consider thay have commited no offones. Hoos, the rarest suspicion COU Tsu in 135 of 0h ‘vial ncome, Ii tlt ey for that pt. UF tho sty to ba mad pti Despiafvs,GanerlSijegove was happy 10 reveal thats te at ped the RV PD VRS helicopter units had conducted 3178 redvae figs, and ranspoted 1340 tne of Tight and T36 woopsteaccangars. Ta tt rune a sores ofa nds een Wey 7, ‘62 ant Decambar 108 xs 17316. From te numbers gven, it may be deduosd hat are prpenion ofthe fights conducted were combat Rights ~ and these under the reso of NATO's Operation DENY FLIGHT. Since the wat, the coracganaing number of gs ave been 72 rmadavac fights, 47 tons of reign, 2.837 twoostessengers and 5,08 pratropars ‘verte yess, he RA 1 PVO VRS fas st 13, blot in sceients or combst, and 8 sini uma of igt engresrsiotsanars. Tan oho pills wer iedcng plots and ths heleoper Ding the ci wer, fom Graos wate deste two in anvsarts and thee byenary Hie Si ‘estes wara log, aon oparationa cote, ‘amough ono was @ CFT (contol nytt ino taran) eit, caused by ta noel pate rater than ty sen te. Fe Gazotes a tao 1 WB ware la let Aerthe war on August “HuGg, the RVIPVO VRS batts sobremanirg two-seat Orao in 9 traning sceient. Four The sok empl ofthe Repub of Spsie SOKO G- Super Caleb i sed primary fr eal (Oise pes. Wor bo ages desired fae pach meurtod ude he rea faseope. HH RIE Jase nav bes vlutany aed aoa pt beyond Tuture usa dh accordsnea withthe Flaonce Agfament on ams reduction) RY I PYO VRS Today The RY | PVO VRS consists ot some 1100 perma, B50 of than ragulr flint and 2 dal esha dng vei lt Sarvca Tis pesos ust oe aah of the ‘VRS'toud manpower Seca oft shart em, of ance, netenl saniarnan rive it a ro texhnical tahina after ose miltay renin, Iimene is et for advances instucnon, Inrmarked const regdargersorn! are very shilodinwhatovr pasion they had. Oficars land non-commissioned officars (NCO) in te Toomer Yugslavia were Fgh educated having Facaived traning in both theoretical nd toonnical matters ter ovel of conpatenee Sunrised NATO efficer tering or werking slongside them. Exercises longed the Shvenien or Creston mitry se new quar exerts and hunies of NATO staf have served in the Balkans in recent years. Generel Sijagoic Fol that the RV | PVO VRS coud bg a eto any ture mtay partnership Furdg is @ major grotiem The entire VRS has bus of us ur 75 milon Karrie Maris (KM) per ernur = oss than €26 milton Attar eotng, clatting, housing and tring 10000 pers eis Tor gay ana naw squinmant How much does a new fifth snerauon fitter cost? Several mes mare {han the entire annual miltary bueget of Republike Sroskal Consequertly, no new urhasss of equpmert whotor aia cea fefance systems, ae arcpated in the neat fare. Te RV VOVRS wil cortnus a dots st th what as ra the ou ot vote a teva a Macedonia 20, be 1 PVO VRS had tage, Considering removing jet alreraft trem ns imriny, a5 ad buon dora in Slovania. The pnlasl cst seme suagest te lek of ree Forsch a weagon. However, xen wth te Imes precanca of ho tarratond conmunty in Koon ara Mecasai, war rake card te Wacesanian Goverment our Isa mar lurgere purchases of Suihoi S425 (Fagin) aiteck crate Tha Rv 1 PVO YRS has nom (eid hat whet can opr et reat. (On Decerber 1, 2002, te 83am PO ord 72 sy FUG asennad he panna ad ‘upmerc wera absorbed ty BS PWO, In adsion be med us dered above, tha RY | PVO VRS algo maintains @ Signals Company (eta vaza), Enginesring Company (inaanska eat) and a Mitsry Pele Socen ‘yo Vane Pele) Pilots Tha RV | BVO VRS has 84 current plots, 30 fing jt sire end 3 hoicopters fe ate frore-quelfied Plots of et sitcraft ty en fvotage 01 3 neu enually ens these et Falcoptars abou 50 rou. With such a low number of Fying hours ‘alate, tae is ila damand for new los Even sa the RV 1 PYO VRS cantinues fo tin ets ram seatch Unt rece, lets ‘aera ta VI Miltary Acatomy Bela, here ovr 8 touryearpatad they received a oficar tring and bat rg nseucton bn UTVA TS it lt. nthe ina year, nay tein ei an Grae halentor or Super Cole et anes. Uri Fetrumy 202, th cos 1 traning came tory Vd, rar than the YRS, set However, eas fominaod in te lant of pressure fram the intemational emmy for fe Wt hat subse tothe VRS. Otters to rovia mitary pt taining hime come fom Greece and Cm, an tha USK hae offered to train 20 Bosnian plot roca The RV PVO WRS woudl ne alloted Siro seven of ese 20 paces, which set 98 Sides betmeen he tree rian tational cuss Ingusna, Hoar cow al emcees ening it neues Ila erro ang en are poe petted bythe 1 PYOYRS, thus negating much oftiehendng sls kerned. Onocaets NWS, anel 12405, 10 ne of eeven sil cro, cared ong cuerele arta WHich was fren 8 lnk ker tang ack, MB 52405 tha expo curandy used mast by a URS WAR NEN aterm com 55Testes Ow eaten 82, Seis oy a, as aseesiaze rorgeses ata lautn 2, Seige 24240, 267, 2076 2isigesea amassed LL, Sets Nae 2 tse ck i se 8) Seale 2505 268 ‘eer at toch ear Spe lb 652 sen ra oka cape AN) Seis een ne en eet ‘6h eh 0-2 we FO) Sea 260 2606662682567 2708, 508 ‘eae ta eae se 8 (NB rer seme 20,8, 2948217, {7,2 and 98 war orgaay te aan {toa babe ne des Ha Wtnomon despa Sei fru 2402 a6 sn 270,12 ‘tats ae 2EXUTWAT Biplane Seal 1 sal av xs (UTA Tate ig sttandng he Minary Academy Este, itera Restoins on uring mean tht the operations and tecnica standards oft ara arene 23 High athe RV i PVOVRS migte wish This mt to ray hat te arcane ret mantane! 10 3 Sate Hanats_On be cay, because of he Ig starr mate requres aera se fen odared nanoperatoal for org peices ure funds canbe faund for the spares or The rao! et engine maniactnng an enor Facity relacated from Ralovac(Soraevo] to Bilin in Repti Spska and stl cates ost i the mor overhae on Rll Roye (arb, ‘rap srl Super Geb) ard Tumandly 21), | orgie forte RY | PVO VRS and RV PHO Mu. Helicopter engine manufacture and rmamtenance is caried ai atthe 2st Mo fettory m Ratoica, and arame martoranca fara arcrat ere Mowa Sterajowe Ropar Fac (Wo) t Batanca, bath near Belgrade These locations were Res toned in 185 Amana these whe calle the aor mbes of rity aera, the RV PVD VRS hae proved Feaoan ie the reteton of siete betveen ne formation of he 1 PUO YS in My 12 ed tre inglemertaton of te Fence Aateement fon time Redustion m WS. When 2 rs ‘was foun Beajnes in Yugodawa for maj Yraitenance (under the noses ot MENY FLGAT ster), 2 relaceren aeraf veal flyin he fopposte econ a 2 sinple one tao bass The practic ceared in 187 Tha net roti that # number oF arerat ong operated hy WheeD air Ceti, than operated by he RV bartad athe Aviation Museum in Beate, oF sin te erty ofthe RY PYO WA. ‘Arotterexanple ofthe corfu (and | rust that hs wei end years oF specu, clin and counte-clain), concerns the sola Ga Super, {Sab inthe RY PVO VRS rwentny In ly 1882, Croatian TV showed » group ef soldiers froutly spaying 3 trophy te tal oF 2 Super ‘Gab ean the ruber 22728. This was the ery tp of eta fi as De aa Fa cat ech Shot down - the tp section hat been 6 Sm 202 The voured vain of te ublgutous Garces che SARL because of higher power ong damaged by » Stinger missile aver westem Bosra. It wanagat f land back at Maha, sanere twas ptt up and awn ta Batgries ‘Jeatmetane oe ost htee 2 thr ‘ne ti echo snd pares tha eoret cal bec en, ‘The Future Not nly 6 ete ra waney tor any signicant replacement of wespans sstans, there 5 rat Tey tebe ayn here or mada tm. The FRVIPYOVRS has esigneditseF making Ho ‘On the political trent im particular the International eon state an of eeatng 2 stale, untied Bosman Amed Fore nuda uti, Crest and Seon elenaris he #1 ‘rer tho bale 6-308 Now th elkoptervanare of he nauenal matorgs on tis example Inavied wha red omoee i408 fa hast of ty an elect cable ater the ple, Fa 5jsged ne taht (ha pc row hes fr 252, Thae at Botanica). A reslacemert ta sein wa file te the aera, be the BY VO VRS dd ret amend the serial runber on the Yn a 0 eared the arial 23826 ut November WH, when the avraf wr severaly PV0 VRS aceents that thee must be changes ethos she att way feward. However, eels hat he pace of ese stated reforms is too Rasy Atheugh it is almost seven years se the Dajan Aareement bough peace to Bosna, thas rat produced 9 ri ore an forget attude amnget the people In view of INS, aa of the longer-term goal of omnng alo’ Pamemnp tor Peace le) rogram, the Ry PvO RS ie eevustnng tare NATO 1 foreh sandards atthe aeration and taf eel. The teemonisaton of headers is expected be cmpete by sing 2, ‘General Sillegovc recourses that immense tifcutes i ahead, not least financial ad politcal ones. Yet he remains confident ht ie Bat aed eth quly of he pesonne unr thre and to afer satuable sere to feure prmers snd alles. He enghasced atthe FY V0 VRS is commted m peace is tubing for pene, and ong for geare — eee A desea cavght ust hfe touche on Bara Luktatovfns org corer uray. Inthe ‘Sizeree ofangey numbers of rao the Ai Foes of te Republi of ipsa was freed ewig tho lighyamed Jaraco for tes0 3 suppor, despis to fac wat Ras Igo (sod © IM DOIN afore asa ane votre be tea rsa a te retest pro aianberse dar pseso fim Inalovontesa aca ea Se sena rari fen biel estate rar esi toga rm ‘rma iapea sa ere pcigm feller eae Ri roves Pio putaen feo erseasa0 Pe) hen ga Spevo“saraae acm ne P90 Se Spa visake the ——_atspoma ees see Ve avalon ie ° ana tas tw ‘ep a ves Yop equi ipa ala opring a Cal Eto Fecseace Sqn Hiaper Regret par tere regret Fernie sac (eS) gt tay lie Ase Sqn Metter te iat Meta sen ark Hane se arta ore Denes ie ‘Moses ake Se znpes a oxtace ee Feget nwa atsgsiokgea Tanga icp sion ten hee (ant Fey vga ty etree