ROOT

Fusiform tuberous tap root

Radish

Conical tuberous tap root

Carrot

Napiform tuberous tap root

Turnip

Tuberous fibrous roots

Asparagus

Prop/pillar roots

Ficus

Stilt roots/Brace roots

Maize and
Sugarcane

Pneumatophores

Rhizophora,
Avicennia

Velamen roots

Vanda

Partial parasites with

Viscum and

haustoria

Striga

Complete parasites with

Cuscuta and

haustoria

Rafflesia

Nodular roots

Legumes

Photosynthetic roots

Taeniophyllum

Stem tuber

Potato

Rhizome
Corm

Zingiber, Curcuma
Amorphophallus

STEM

Stem tendrils

Thorns
Fleshy fl attend
phylloclades
Fleshy cylindrical

(Zaminkand) Colocasia,
Cucumber,
Watermelon, Pumpkin,
Grapevine
Citrus, Bougainvillea
Opuntia
Euphorbia

phylloclades
Needle like phylloclades
Cladophylls

Casuarina
Asparagus

Bulbils (vegetative buds)

Dioscorea

Bulbils (floral buds)

Agave

Runners

Oxalis, Fragaria,
grasses
Nerium, Jasmine
Pistia, Eichhornia

Stolons
Off-sets
Suckers

Banana, Pineapple,
Chrysanthemum

LEAF
Pulvinus leaf base

Legumes

Sheathing leaf base

Pinnately compound leaf
Palmately compound leaf
Alternate phyllotaxy

Monocots
Neem
Bombax ceiba
Mustard, Hibiscus, Sunflower

Opposite phyllotaxy

Calotropis, Guava

Whorled phyllotaxy
Tendrillar leaflets
Leaf spines
Phyllodes

Nerium, Alstonia
Pisum
Opuntia
Australian acacia

Trap leaves
Epiphyllous buds
Partly tendrillar and partly winged petiole

Nepenthes, Dionoea
Bryophyllum
Nepenthes

Storage leaves

Allium

INFLORESCENCE
Raceme

Crotalaria, Mangifera

Corymb
Umbel

Cauliflower, Cassia
Allium, Carrot

Spike
Spadix

Achyranthes, Poaceae
Musa (Banana), Cocos,Cotooasia

Head

Tridax (Asteraceae)

Solitary cyme

Hibiseus, Datura

Cymule

Jasmine, Bougainvillea

Monochasial cyme
Dichasial cyme
Polychasial cyme

Hamelia, Solanum
Ipomoea
Nerium ,

Verticellaster

Leucas (Lamiaceae)

Cyathium

Euphorbia (EupborbMceae)

Hypanthodium

Ficus (fig)

FLOWER
Actinomorphic

Mustard, Datura, Chilli

Zygomorphic

Pea, Bean, Cassia, Gulmohur

Asymmetric

Canna

Largest flower

Rafflesia

Smallest flower

Wolffia

Hypogynous

Mustard,

Perigynous

Plum, Peach, Rose

Epigynous

Guava,

Tubular corolla

Disc

Funnel shaped corolla

Datura

Bilipped corolla

Ocimum

Valvate aestivation

Hibiscus, Brinjal

Cucumber, Sunflower
florets

of Asteraceae

Calotropis
:

Twisted aestivation i

Hibiscus, Cotton, Lady's finger

Imbricate

Cassia, Gulmohur

Vexillary

Petals of Fabaceae

Epiphyllous stamens

Lily

Epipetalous stamens

Brinjal

Monoadelphous

Hibiscus

Diadelphous

Pea

Polyadelphous

Citrus

Stamens of various

Salvia, Mustard

lengths
Apocarpous condition

Lotus, Rose

Syncarpous conditon

Tomato, Mustard

Marginal placentation

Legumes

Axile placentation

Hibiscus, Tomato, Lemon

Parietal placentation

Mustard, Argemone

Free central

Primerose, Dianthus

placentation
Basal placentation

Sunflower, Marigold

FRUIT
False fruits

Apple,
Cashew, Strawberry

Drupe

Mango, Coconut

Berry

Grapes, Guava, Tomato

Pepo

Cucumber

Hesperidium

Citrus

Pome

Apple

Legume

Pea, Bean

Mustard

Siliqua

Capsule

Datura, Cotton

Caryopsis

Rice (grasses)

Nut

Cashew nut

Cypsela

Tridax

Schizocarpic

Acacia, Castor

Aggregate fruit of berries

Annona squamosa

Multiple/Composite

Pineapple, Jack, Ficus (fig)

SOME IMPORTANT EDIBLE FRUITS

Name of the fruit

Family

Type of the fruit

Edible part

Anacardium
occidentalis (cashew)
Ananas sativus
(Pineapple)
Annona squamosa
(Custard apple)
Arachis hypogea
(Ground nut / Pea nut)

Bromeliaceae

Nut

Cotyledons and pedicel

---------

Sorosis

Annonaceae

Aggregate of berries

Fabaceae

Legume

Inflorescence axis and

juicy bracts
Mesocarp and endocarp
of fruit-lets
Cotyledons

Artocarpus integrifolia
(Jack fruit)

Moraceae

Sorosis

Succulent perianth

Citrus sinensis (Sweet

orange)

Rutaceae

Hesperidium

Juicy hairs of endocarp

Cocos nucifera
(Coconut)

Arecaceae/Palmae

Drupe

Endosperm

Cucurbita maxima
(Cucumber)

Cucurbitaceae

Pepo

Mesocarp, Endocarp
and Placenta

Dolichos lab-lab
(Bean)
Ficus benghalensis
(fig)

Fabaceae

Legume

Cotyledons

Moraceae

Syconus

Fleshy peduncle

Lycopersicum
esculentum (Tomato)

Solanaceae

Berry

Meso and Endocarp,

Placenta

Mangifera indica
(Mango)
Oryza sativa (Paddy)
Pisum sativum
(Garden pea)
Pyrus malus (Apple)

Anacardiaceae

Drupe

Mesocarp

Poaceae
Fabaceae

Caryopsis
Legume

Endosperm
Cotyledons

Rosaceae

Pome

Fleshy thalamus (False

Fruit)