DOI 10 3969 / j issn 1674-0696 2011 supp2 010

400041

U451 U452
A
1674 0696 2011 supp2 1127 11

The Application of FEM Limit Analysis in Tunnel Engineering

ZHENG Ying-ren
Department of Civil EngineeringLogistical Engineering UniversityChongqing 400041China
Abstract As an academic reportthe paper states the research achievements in the past and is composed of the relevant papers by the writerincluding the theory of FEM limit analysisthe failure mechanism of tunnelcriteria of dividing deepburied and shallow-buried tunnelsstability analysis of tunnel surrounding rock without lining as well as the design and calculation methods of tunnels with preliminary and secondary liningwhich can be references for the specialists in this field
Key words the failure mechanism of tunnel loess tunnel FEM strength reduction safety factor of shear failure surface
stability analysis

1960

2004

20

2011 06 14
CSTC2009BL0002 973 2010CB732100
1933 E-mail
cqdzzx@ 263 net

1128

2 1
2 1 1

40 cm 52 cm 15 cm 1
70 MPa
3
0 32 17 80 kN / m
0 116 MPa 21 8

30

5 1
1
Table 1

1
2

Experiment schemes

/ cm
8

/ cm
8

/ cm
2

3
4

2 1 2

3 1 5
ANSYS

x 4 a
e 1 5 4 a
1 x = 0 4
b 2 x =
3 73 cm 4 c 3
x = 4 21 cm 4 d 4
x = 2 82 cm

1
Fig 1 Tunnel model

m
m m m m = 1 0 6 0 2 0 2 0 35

2
3
Fig 3

2
Fig 2

Step loading

Equivalent plastic strain and failure surface of rock mass

1129

2 1 3
5 1 a
b

5
Fig 5

Model experiment and numerical simulation

results of Scheme 1

4
Fig 4

Relationship of equivalent plastic strain and x coordinate

2
Table 2

1
2
3
4
5

Model experiment and numerical simulation results

cm
8
8
8
6
4

cm
2
3
4
4
4

/ kN
62
59
56
61
68

/ kN
57
55
53
60
66

/ mm
13 4
14 3
15 6
12 9
11 7

/ mm
13 1
14 1
15 3
12 8
11 5

8 cm 12 cm 15
cm 4 cm 6

2 2

6 a 25 kN
28 kN
2
6 b

1130

26 kN
6 a b

6
Fig 6

Failure of shallow-buried tunnel

12 m
5 m 12 m 5 m 3 m

3
100 MPa 0 3 18 kN / m
0 04 MPa 22 7 8

30

7 a 1 m

0 3 7 b 3 m


0 52 7 c
7 m

0 65 7 d e
8 9 m 7 m

0 66

7 f 10 m

5 0 6 0 m

0 69 10 m
7 g i
12 m15 m18 m
2


12 m

18 m
0 7 10 18 m

7 j 30 m 18 m

0 67 7 k 50 m
30 m 0 61
1 m 18 m 0 3 0 7
18 m 50 m
0 7 0 61
18 m

18 m

18 m

7
Fig 7

Equivalent plastic strain of rectangle tunnel

8 9 c = 0 07
MPa = 22 c = 0 04 MPa = 22

c = 0 04 MPa = 22

1131

1132

Fig 8

8
Strain of equivalent plastic

1 5 2 5 2

3 5

4 1

3
Table 3

Calculation results of different elastic modulus

/ MPa

20

30

40

50

60

/ cm
/ cm

9 4

7 3

4 7

4 4

3 6

7 6

5 1

3 8

3 0

2 5

1 62

1 62

1 62

1 62

1 62

3 E
1

20 MPa
60 MPa 2 6 3

30

2









9 4

1133

10 ANSYSPLASIXFLAC
Fig 10 Plastic zone calculated by ANSYSPLASIXFLAC
Table 5

9
Fig 9 Plastic zone of surrounding rock after excavation
4
Table 4 Calculation results of different poisson ratio
/ v
/ m2
/ m

0 20
294 56
14 00
1 624

0 25
38 39
6 26
1 626

0 30
12 85
2 76
1 625

0 35
8 96
1 57
1 625

0 40
8 71
1 28
1 626

0 45
8 68
1 20
1 627

10 5

PLAXIS ANSYS

5
Safety factors calculated through different softwares

ANSYS

PLAXIS

FLAC

/ m2
/ m

8 96

24 78

22 40

1 57

3 09

2 80

1 62

1 60

1 64

1
= c + tan / = c' + tan'
c' = c / tan' = tan /
2
FLAC3D ANSYS

3 m 1 5 m
1 /6
1 /3
1 /2 0
30 m 0

4 2

1134

0 5
1 0
1 5 m 6
6
Table 6
/
MPa
40

Parameters of physical mechanics of soil mass

0 35

/
kNm 3
17

/ / /
MPa

MPa

0 05

25

0 01

c
c

11
Fig 11

12

FLAC

Table 7

Shear safety factors under different

rise-span ratios FLAC

11 1 5 m c

FLAC

1 5 m

ANSYS

Contour of plastic zones before and after reduction and the increment of shear strain ANSYS

7 ANSYS

2%

7 7

Contour of plastic zones before and after reduction and the increment of shear strain FLAC

FLAC
ANSYS

12 ANSYS

Fig 12

30

1980

50%

5 1

c 8
8

Table 8

c and of different concrete

C15

C20

C25

C30

c / MPa

1 78

2 59

2 72

3 18

50 7

52 5

53 9

54 9

C 2 /3
4 /5

50%

1 20

1
35

1 35

5 2

1135

JTG D 702004

Nu N

K = N u / NK
3
e0 = M / N0 5 h

N u = R a bh
4
R a
b
h e0 = M /
N0 5 h 0 2 h

N u = 1 75 R l bh /6e0 / h 1
5
R l
1 40
1 35
1 90
5 3
5 3 1

9 8 m 11 6 m
30 m 3
5
8 8

118 8 m
197 6 m 13

1136

13

C25
8 C25
2 72 MPa
53 9
1 /3 20%
3 1
20 cm 40 cm 2 30 cm
30 cm 3 30 cm 40 cm
9

Fig 13

Tunnel model
9
Table 9

30

Physical and mechanical parameters of the materials

/ kNm 3

/ MPa

/ MPa

/ MPa

17

0 02

22 0

22 0

40 00

0 35

0 01

26

2 72

53 9

53 9

29 500

0 20

1 78

26

29 500

0 20

10

5
10
Table 10

Calculation conditions

/ cm

/ cm

/ %

20

50

50

30

50

50

20

40

50

40

10

30

30

50

40

10

30

40

50

40

10

5 3 2

1 2
11
2
11 1
Table 11 Safety coefficient of surrounding rock
under Conditions 1
2

1 24

1 38

11 1
1 24 1 20

2
1 35
30 cm

/ % / %

3 1

1 35

1 2 1 35
1 20

1 35 3

1 4
FLAC A
BCD 4
12

12
Table 12

3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5

1137

3 5

Safety coefficients of surrounding rock and lining under Conditions 3

4
5

/ %
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

/ %
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40

/ %
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

/ kNm

3 5
10% 12
3 C D
C 0 67
4 A
1 26 5
A 1 45
1 46
5
3 5
14

A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D

20 259
42 841
152 313
118 479
59 646
1 093
44 636
32 684
91 346
4 895
88 615
58 805

/ kN

72 088
180 266
208 737
491 687
361 91
19 862
205 83
499 85
405 798
64 815
423 832
469 605

6 04
3 03
0 67
1 09
1 26
227 08
1 53
6 83
1 45
91 25
1 55
7 20

1 43
1 43
1 43
1 43
1 45
1 45
1 45
1 45
1 48
1 48
1 48
1 48

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ZHENG Ying-renZHAO Shang-yiDENG Chu-jianet al Development of finitc element limit analysis method and its applications in geotechnical engineeringJ Engineering Science2006
8 12 39 61
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27 10 1968 1980
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ZHENG Ying-renQIU Chen-yuZHANG Honget al Exploration of stability analysis methods for surrounding rocks of soil tunnel
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27 10 1968 1980
4 J
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14
Fig 14

Bending moment of secondary lining and axial force

5
2009
25 3 1 9
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ZHENG Ying-renQIU Chen-yuSONG Ya-kunet al Exploration of stability analysis and design calculation methods of surrounding rocks in soil tunnelJ Journal of Logistical Engineering
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