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Set
It is a collection of objects of some type, and the objects are called the elements of
the set. Capital letters
R ,
S ,
a ,
x ,
lowercase letters
and
same elements. If
and
Two sets
S= { x : }
S T .
The expression involving the braces and the colon is read the set of all
such
that . . ., where the phrase is competed by stating the desired property. For
example,
S= { x : x>3 }
is read S
such that
is greater
than 3.
For finite sets, the elements of the set are listed within the braces. For example, if
the set
may be written as
expressed by
Notation or
Terminology
Meaning
Illustration
3Z
a
is an element of
aS
is not an element of
is a subset of
may be
aS
S T
Every element of
element of
where
is an
2
Z
5
Z R , where
Constant
Variable
5 ,
Let
2 ,
x
denote any
real number
Algebraic Expression
It is the result obtained by applying additions, subtractions, multiplications,
divisions, powers or the taking of roots to any collection of variables and real
numbers. The value of an algebraic expression is the number resulted from the
substitution of specific numbers for the variables present in the given algebraic
expression. The domain of an algebraic expression consists of all real numbers that
may represent the variables.
If
where
a xn ,
an x n+ an1 x n1 ++a1 x+ a0
where
ak
is a real number. If
n .
Domain
Typical Value
At
x 35 x+
6
x
2 xy + ( 3 / x 2 )
All
All
x0
x=4 :
x> 0
( 4 )35 ( 4 ) +
and all
y1
At
x=1
6
=47
4
and
y=9 :
y 1
2 ( 1 ) ( 9 ) + ( 3 /( 1 )2 )
3
( 9 ) 1
21
2
ak x k
Each expression
ak
polynomial.
Polynomial
Leading
Coefficient
Degree
3 x 4 +5 x3 + (7 ) x+ 4
x 8+ 9 x 2 + (2 ) x
5 x 2 +1
7 x+ 2
Two polynomials are equal if and only if they have the same degree and the
coefficients of like powers of
is a polynomial of degree
is a nonzero
x ,
1
+3 x
x
x 5
x 2 +2
2
3 x + x2