1-1 -

1-1
1. f , g : R R g ( x ) = f ( 2x 5 ) f ( 4 x )
x R . f .
) g .
) g ( e x 2 ) > 0

) x1 , x 2 R
2

+ ( 5 )

x1 < x 2 2x1 < 2x 2 2x1 5 < 2x 2 5

( 1)

+4

f ( 2x1 5 ) > f ( 2x 2 5) (1)

( 1)

x1 < x 2 x1 > x 2 4 x1 > 4 x 2

f ( 4 x 1 ) < f ( 4 x 2 ) f ( 4 x 1 ) > f ( 4 x 2 )
(2)
(1)+(2)
f ( 2x1 5) f ( 4 x1 ) > f ( 2x 2 5 ) f ( 4 x 2 ) g ( x1 ) > g ( x 2 ) = g
) g ( e x 2 ) > 0 .
x. . x 0 g ( x 0 ) = 0 .
g ( 3) = f ( 2 3 5 ) f ( 4 3) = f (1) f (1) = 0
g ( e x 2 ) > 0 g ( e x 2 ) > g ( 3)

e x 2 < 3 e x < 5 x < ln 5

2. :
4
) f ( x ) = 3 6 2x
) f ( x ) = ln x
x

) f ( x ) = 3 6 2x : 6 2x 0 2x 6 x 3 .
f : A f = ( ,3] .
x1 , x 2 ( ,3] , x1 < x 2 .
: x1 < x 2 2x1 > 2x 2 6 2x1 > 6 2x 2 6 2x1 > 6 2x 2
6 2x1 < 6 2x 2 3 6 2x1 < 3 6 2x 2 f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 )
f .
4
ln x : ( x 0 x > 0 ) x > 0
x
f : A f = ( 0, + ) .
) f ( x ) =

68

 1-1 -

x1 , x 2 ( 0, + ) , x1 < x 2 . :
1
1
4
4
(1)
>

>
x1 x 2
x1 x 2
x1 < x 2 ln x1 < ln x 2 ln x1 > ln x 2
(2)
(1) (2) :
4
4
ln x1 >
ln x 2 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )
x1
x2
f .

x1 < x 2

3. :
5
x
2
, x 1
2 x , x < 0
e x
) f ( x ) =
) f ( x ) =
3 ln ( x + 1) , x > 1
1 x , x 0

)
:
2 x 5 , x < 0
f (x) =
1 x , x 0

( , 0 ) f ( x ) = 2 x 5 .
x1 , x 2 ( , 0 ) ,

x1 < x 2 .

x1 < x 2 x15 < x 52 x15 > x 52

2 x15 > 2 x 52 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )

,
:

: ,
.

,
f ( x1 )

f ( , 0 ) .

f ( x 2 ) , x1 x 2

f
.

[0, + ) f ( x ) = 1 x . x1 , x 2 [0, + ) , x1 < x 2 . :

x1 < x 2 x1 < x 2 x1 > x 2 1 x1 > 1 x 2 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )

f [0, + ) .

x1 ( , 0 ) x 2 [0, + ) . x1 < x 2 f ( x1 ) = 2 x15

f ( x 2 ) = 1 x 2 . :

x1 < 0 x15 < 0 x15 > 0 2 x15 > 2 f ( x1 ) > 2

x 2 0 x 2 0 x2 0 1 x2 1 f ( x2 ) 1

f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 ) .
x1 , x 2 A f = R , x1 < x 2 , f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 ) , f
( R ).
) :

69

 1-1 -

e x x 2
, x 1
f (x) =
3 ln ( x + 1) , x > 1
( , 1] f ( x ) = e x x 2 . x1 , x 2 ( , 1] , x1 < x 2 . :

x1 < x 2 e x1 < e x2
2
1

2
2

(1)
2
1

2
2

(2)
x1 < x 2 x > x x < x
(1), (2) :
e x1 x12 < e x2 x 22 f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 )
f ( , 1] .

( 1, + ) f ( x ) = 3 ln ( x + 1) . x1 , x 2 ( 1, + ) , x1 < x 2 . :
x1 < x 2 x1 + 1 < x 2 + 1 ln ( x1 + 1) < ln ( x 2 + 1) ln ( x1 + 1) > ln ( x 2 + 1)
3 ln ( x1 + 1) > 3 ln ( x 2 + 1) f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 ) .
f ( 1, + ) .

4. x 3 = 1 ln x

x > 0 :
x 3 = 1 ln x x 3 + ln x 1 = 0 .
f ( x ) = x 3 + ln x 1 , x ( 0, + ) ,

: x 3 + ln x 1 = 0 f ( x ) = 0 .
x = 1
, : f (1) = 13 + ln1 1 = 1 + 0 1 = 0 .
f .
x1 , x 2 ( 0, + ) , x1 < x 2 , :
(1)
x1 < x 2 x13 < x 32

x1 < x 2 ln x1 < ln x 2 (2)

(1)
(2) :

,
:

f ( x ) ,
f ( x ) = 0 .

f ( x ) = 0 .

f
, f ( x ) = 0
.
.

x13 + ln x1 < x 32 + ln x 2 x13 + ln x1 1 < x32 + ln x 2 1 f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 )

f , f ( x ) = 0 .
x = 1 f ( x ) = 0 ,
.

70

 1-1 -

5. 9 x 3 < e x 2 .

:
9 x 3 < e x 2 9 x 3 e x 2 < 0 .
f ( x ) = 9 x 3 e x 2 , A f = R .
: 9 x 3 e x 2 < 0 f ( x ) < 0 .
f .
x1 , x 2 R , x1 < x 2 . :

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 32 x13 > x 32

x1 < x 2 x1 2 < x 2 2 e x1 2 < e x 2 2

x1 2

9x e

x1 2

x2 2

3
2

> 9x e

x2 2

f ( x ) < 0 ( f ( x ) > 0 ...)

(1)

(2)
e
> e
(1)
(2) : x13 e x1 2 > x 32 e x2 2
3
1

,
, :

f ( x ) ,

f
.

f ( x ) ,

f ( ) = 0 . :

f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )

f ( x ) < 0 f ( x ) < f () .

f .

f.

: f ( 2 ) = 9 23 e0 = 9 8 1 = 0 .
: 9 x 3 e x 2 < 0 f ( x ) < 0 f ( x ) < f ( 2 )

x>2

1
ln x
x
) f .
1
1
x2 + 5
) : 2
2
< ln 2
x + 5 2x + 1
2x + 1

1
) f ( x ) = ln x x > 0 , A f = ( 0, + ) .
x
x1 , x 2 ( 0, + ) x1 < x 2 . :
6. f ( x ) =

1
1
(1)
>
x1 x 2

(2)
x1 < x 2 ln x1 < ln x 2 ln x1 > ln x 2
(1) (2) :
1
1
ln x1 >
ln x 2 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )
x1
x2
f .
) x R :
1
1
x2 + 5
1
1
2
< ln 2
2
2
< ln ( x 2 + 5 ) ln ( 2x 2 + 1)
2
x + 5 2x + 1
2x + 1
x + 5 2x + 1
f
1
1
2
l n ( x 2 + 5) < 2
ln ( 2x 2 + 1) f ( x 2 + 5) < f ( 2x 2 + 1)

x 2 + 5 > 2x 2 + 1
x +5
2x + 1

x1 < x 2

71

 1-1 -

x 2 2x 2 > 1 5 x 2 > 4 x 2 < 4 x 2 < 4 x < 2 2 < x < 2

7. ) : f ( x ) = 3 x 4
) : f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 4x + 5)

) f ( x ) = 3 x 4 : x 4 0 x 4 .
f : A f = [4, + ) .
x A f :

x 4 0 x 4 0 3 x 4 3 f (x) 3

(1)

: f ( x ) = 3 3 x 4 = 3 x 4 = 0 x = 4 .
f ( 4 ) = 3 , (1) : f ( x ) f ( 4 ) x A f .
f 4 () , f ( 4 ) = 3 .
) f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 4x + 5) : x 2 4x + 5 > 0 ,
x R x 2 4x + 5 = 2 4 = 4 < 0 .
f R. :
2
f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 4x + 5) f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 4x + 4 + 1) f ( x ) = ln ( x 2 ) + 1 .

x R :
2
2
2
(2)
( x 2 ) 0 ( x 2 ) + 1 1 ln ( x 2 ) + 1 ln1 f ( x ) 0
:
2
f ( x ) = 0 ln ( x 2 4x + 5) = ln1 x 2 4x + 5 = 1 x 2 4x + 4 = 0 ( x 2 ) = 0
x2=0 x = 2
f ( 2 ) = 0 , (2) : f ( x ) f ( 2 ) x R .

f 2 () ,
f ( 2) = 0
8. f ( x ) =

2x 3
1 1 .
x +1

2x 3
: x + 1 0 x 1 .
x +1
f : A f = R {1}
f ( x ) =

x1 , x 2 R {1} f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) .
2x1 3 2x 2 3
=
( 2x1 3)( x 2 + 1) = ( 2x 2 3)( x1 + 1)
x1 + 1
x2 + 1
2x1x 2 + 2x1 3x 2 3 = 2x1x 2 + 2x1 + 2x 2 3x1 3 2x1 3x 2 = 2x 2 3x1
5x1 = 5x 2 x1 = x 2
f 1 1 .
: f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )

72

 1-1 -

9. f ( x ) = e1 x x3 1 1 .

f . f R .
x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2 . :
x1 < x 2 x1 > x 2 1 x1 > 1 x 2 e1 x1 > e1 x 2

3
1

3
2

3
1

(1)

3
2

(2)
x1 < x 2 x < x x > x
(1) (2) :
e1 x1 x13 > e1 x 2 x 32 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )
f , 1 1 .

10. 5x 3 = 5 x

5 x 0 x 5 ,
: 5x 5 x 3 = 0 (1)
: f ( x ) = 5x 5 x 3
A f = ( ,5] , :
(2)
(1) f ( x ) = 0
f .
x1 , x 2 ( ,5] x1 < x 2 . :

, :

f ( x ) .
f ( x ) = 0 .

(3)
x1 < x 2 5x1 < 5x2
x1 < x 2 x1 > x 2 5 x1 > 5 x 2

5 x1 > 5 x 2 5 x 1 < 5 x 2 (4)

f 1 1 .
x 0
f ( x ) , x 0
f ( x 0 ) = 0 .

:
11

f ( x ) = 0 f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) x = x0
(3) (4) :
5x1 5 x1 < 5x 2 5 x 2 5x1 5 x1 3 < 5x 2 5 x 2 3 f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 )
f , 1 1 .
: f (1) = 51 5 1 3 = 5 4 3 = 5 2 3 = 0
11

, (2) : f ( x ) = 0 f ( x ) = f (1) x = 1

11. f ( x ) = x 2010 + ln x .
) f 1 1 .
) : ( 2 x + 1)

2010

( x + 3)

2010

= ln

x +3
2 x +1

73

 1-1 -

) f ( x ) = x 2010 + ln x
x > 0 . f
A f = ( 0, + ) . f

f : A R
1 1 , R , :
11

f ( ) = f ( ) =

. x1 , x 2 ( 0, + ) ,
x1 < x 2 .
:

(1)
x1 < x 2 x12010 < x 22010

(2)
x1 < x 2 ln x1 < ln x 2
(1), (2) :
x12010 + ln x1 < x 2010
+ ln x 2 f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 )
2
f , 1 1 .
) :

( 2 x + 1)

2010

( 2 x + 1)

( x + 3)
2010

2010

= ln

x +3
2010
2010
( 2 x + 1) ( x + 3) = ln ( x + 3) ln ( 2 x + 1)
2 x +1

+ ln ( 2 x + 1) = ( x + 3)

2010

11

+ ln ( x + 3) f ( 2 x + 1) = f ( x + 3)

2 x + 1 = x + 3 x = 2 x = 2

12. f : R R : ( f f )( x ) f ( x ) = 2x 4 x R .
) f 1 1 .
) f ( 2 ) .

) f 4 f ( x 2 + x ) 2 = 0

) x1 , x 2 R f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )

(1)

: f ( f ( x1 ) ) = f ( f ( x 2 ) )
(2)
(2) (1) :
(3)
f ( f ( x1 ) ) f ( x1 ) = f ( f ( x 2 ) ) f ( x 2 )
: (3) 2x1 4 = 2x 2 4 2x1 = 2x 2 x1 = x 2
f 1 1 .
) x = 2 f ( f ( x ) ) f ( x ) = 2x 4 :
11

f ( f ( 2) ) f ( 2 ) = 2 2 4 f (f ( 2 )) f ( 2 ) = 0 f (f (2 )) = f (2 ) f ( 2 ) = 2
) :
f 4 f ( x2 + x ) 2 = 0 f 4 f ( x2 + x ) = 2

11

f 4 f ( x 2 + x ) = f ( 2) 4 f ( x 2 + x ) = 2
11

f ( x 2 + x ) = 2 f ( x 2 + x ) = f ( 2 ) x 2 + x = 2 x 2 + x 2 = 0 x = 1 x = 2
74

 1-1 -

13. f ( x ) = 3 + e x 2 .
) f .
) f 1 .

) f ( x ) = 3 + e x 2
R . x1 , x 2 R
f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) . :
f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) 3 + e x1 2 = 3 + e x 2 2
e x1 2 = e x 2 2 x1 2 = x 2 2 x1 = x 2
f 1 1 , .
) y = f ( x ) :
y = f ( x ) y = 3 + ex2 y 3 = ex2

(1)

e x 2 > 0 , y 3 > 0 y > 3 .

y > 3 :
(1) ln ( y 3) = ln ex 2 ln ( y 3) = x 2

f : A R
.
f :

f 1 1 .

y = f ( x ) (
f 1 ( y ) = x ).
y = f ( x )
x ,
y.

y f,
f 1 .

y = f ( x )

x = 2 + ln ( y 3) f 1 ( y ) = 2 + ln ( y 3) ,

x x = g ( y ) ,

y >3.

f 1 ( y ) = g ( y ) . y x
f 1 ( x ) .

f 1 : A f 1 = ( 3, + ) :
f 1 ( x ) = 2 + ln ( x 3) .

14. f :[3, + ) R f ( x ) = x 2 + 6x + 7
) f .
) f 1 .

) :
f ( x ) = x 2 + 6x + 7 f ( x ) = x 2 + 6x + 9 2
2

f ( x ) = ( x + 3) 2
x1 , x 2 [3, + ) f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) .

2
R .
,
1 1 .

:
2

f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) ( x1 + 3) 2 = ( x 2 + 3) 2 ( x1 + 3 ) = ( x 2 + 3 )

( x1 + 3 )

( x 2 + 3)

x1 , x 2 3

x1 + 3 = x 2 + 3 x1 + 3 = x 2 + 3 x1 = x 2
f 1 1 , .
75

 1-1 -
2

) y = f ( x ) : y = f ( x ) y = ( x + 3) 2 y + 2 = ( x + 3)

(1)

y + 2 0 y 2 . :
(1) y + 2 =

( x + 3)

f 1 ( y ) = y + 2 3

x 3

y+2 = x+3
,

y+ 2 = x+3 x = y+ 2 3

y 2

: f 1 ( x ) = x + 2 3 A f 1 = [2, + )

15. f : R R , R :
f 3 ( x ) + 3f ( x ) + x 2 = 0 x R .
) f 1 1
) f 1 .

) x1 , x 2 R f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) . :

f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x1 ) = f 3 ( x 2 )

(1)

(2)
f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) 3f ( x1 ) = 3f ( x 2 )
(1) (2) :
(3)
f 3 ( x1 ) + 3f ( x1 ) = f 3 ( x 2 ) + 3f ( x 2 )

: f 3 ( x ) + 3f ( x ) = x + 2 x R .
(3) : (3) x1 + 2 = x 2 + 2 x1 = x 2 x1 = x 2
f 1 1 .
) y = f ( x ) . :
f 3 ( x ) + 3f ( x ) + x 2 = 0 y3 + 3y + x 2 = 0 x = y3 3y + 2 f 1 ( y ) = y3 3y + 2
f 1 f , R :
f 1 ( x ) = x 3 3x + 2 x R .
16. f ( x ) = x 3 2x + 14
) f .
) f 1 y = x .

) f ( x ) = x 3 2x + 14
R. f
. x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2 .
:
(1)

x1 < x 2 x13 < x 32 x13 > x 32

x1 < x 2 2x1 > 2x 2

(2)
(1)
(2) :

f : A R
1 1 ,
f 1 . f
f 1
y = x , f ( x ) = x
f 1 ( x ) = x , :
f ( x ) = x f 1 ( x ) = x

76

 1-1 -

x13 2x1 > x 32 2x 2 x13 2x1 + 14 > x 32 2x 2 + 14 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )

f , 1 1 , .
) f 1 y = x
:
y = f 1 ( x )

y = x
:
f 1 ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x x3 2x + 14 = x x3 + 3x 14 = 0
( x 2 ) ( x 2 + 2x + 7 ) = 0 x = 2
y = x y = 2 . f 1
y = x A ( 2, 2 ) .

17. f ( x ) = ln ( x 3) + x 2
) f .
) f f 1 .

) f ( x ) = ln ( x 3) + x 2 :
f : A R 1 1 ,
x 3 > 0 x > 3 . f
f 1 .
A f = ( 3, + ) . f
f
. x1 , x 2 ( 3, + ) x1 < x 2 (1).

,,
f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) , f ( x ) = x f 1 ( x ) = x
:
x1 < x 2 x1 3 < x 2 3 ln ( x1 3) < ln ( x 2 3) (2)
, :
f 1 ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x ) = x f 1 ( x ) = x .
(1) (2)
: ln ( x1 3) + x1 < ln ( x 2 3) + x 2

ln ( x1 3) + x1 2 < l n ( x 2 3) + x 2 2 f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) .
Cf Cf 1
f ,
Cf y = x
1 1 , .
( Cf 1 y = x ).
) f f ,
f 1 :
f 1 x = f x f x = x

( )

( )

( )

.
Cf Cf 1
y = x .
y = f ( x )

1
y = f ( x )
:

77

 1-1 -

f ( x ) = f 1 ( x )

f ( x ) = x ln ( x 3) + x 2 = x ln ( x 3) = 2 x 3 = e2 x = 3 + e2

y = f ( x ) x = 3 + e2 : y = f ( 3 + e 2 ) = 3 + e 2
f f 1
A (3 + e2 , 3 + e2 ) .
18. f : R R
A ( 3, 4 ) B ( 6, 2 ) .
) f f .
) f 3 + f 1 ( x 5 ) = 4

) f 1 f ( x 2 + 2 ) + 6 < 3

) f . f ( 3) = 4
f ( 6 ) = 2 . 3 < 6 f ( 3) > f ( 6 ) . f ,
. f 1 1 , .
) :

11

f 3 + f 1 ( x 5 ) = 4 f 3 + f 1 ( x 5 ) = f ( 3 ) 3 + f 1 ( x 5 ) = 3
11

f 1 ( x 5 ) = 6 f f 1 ( x 5 ) = f ( 6 ) x 5 = 2 x = 3 x = 3 x = 3
) :

f 1 f ( x 2 + 2 ) + 6 < 3

( (

))

f f 1 f ( x 2 + 2 ) + 6 > f ( 3 )

f ( x 2 + 2 ) + 6 > 4 f ( x 2 + 2 ) > 2 f ( x 2 + 2 ) > f ( 6 )

x 2 + 2 < 6 x 2 < 4 x 2 < 4 x < 2 2 < x < 2

19. f: RR 1-1
(1,3) (4,6) , f(3+f 1(4-x))=6 .

f(3+f 1(4-x))=6 f(3+f 1(4-x))=f(4) ( f 1-1 ) 3+f 1(4-x)=4 f 1(4-x)=1

4-x=f(1) 4-x=3 x=1 .

20. H f: RR
(3,5) (6,-2) .
i)

f .

ii)

f(f 1(x)-3)<5 .

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 1-1 -

i) f . 3<6 f(3)<f(6) 5<-2 ,

. f
.
ii) f(f 1(x)-3)<5 f(f 1(x)-3)<f(3)

f 1(x)-3<3 f 1(x)<6 x<f(6) x<-2

79