CHAPTER 8.

SCHOOLING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE

1. Second language- only school programs. Factors that we have
to take into account:

RISK L1

They can take from 5-7 years to achieve proficiency in English for
academic purposes.
We need to be sensitive with students
When we are unfamiliar with the culture, we must seek information
from members of that culture
Performance in school is correlated with socioeconomic status.
Literacy-related experiences at home are important
Transferable from one language to another.

1. Minority language students

2. Bilingual school programs
- Developmental bilingual. Minority language students. L1

L2

- Two- way bilingual immersion half the students are majority

language students
They both aim to maintain students native language at the same time as
they promote competence in the other language. We also have:
Transitional bilingual

Proficiency in English, not in the 2 languages.

Immersion programs.

They receive all or a significant of their academic instruction, including

language arts and literacy instruction through the L2.

RISK L1
2. Majority language students

Factors that we have to take into account:

L1=L2
Academic development =students in native language programs
Immersion education
Better for students with low levels of
academic ability
Families from low socioeconomic status achieve at lower levels at
school than students from higher SES.