X KHUN V CC CHT KHNG SINH

C NGUN GC T X KHUN
Mt trong nhng c im quan trng nht ca x khun l kh nng hnh thnh cht
khng sinh. Trong s 8.000 cht khng sinh hin bit trn th gii, c hn 80% l c
ngun gc t x khun. Hu ht cc cht khng sinh c ngun gc t x khun u c
ph khng khun rng. Trong s c rt nhiu cht v ang c s dng trong y
hc iu tr cc bnh nhim trng.
Streptomyces griseus (Actinomyces streptomycin): mt khng sinh dng ph bin trong y
hc, th y v bo v thc vt. Sinh khng sinh Streptomycin, c kh nng chng cc vi
khun Gr (-) kh mnh. Streptomycin c s dng rt c hiu qu iu tr cc bnh
dch hch, ho g v c bit quan trng hn c l dng cha cc bnh lao.
Streptomyces fradiae: sinh khng sinh Neomycin, l cht khng sinh c hot ph rng.
C tc dng chng c vi khun Gr (-) v Gr (+). c bit l chng c nhiu loi vi
khun khng li vi khng sinh penicillin v streptomycin.
Micromonospora purpurea: sinh khng sinh Gentamycin, c ph khng sinh rng. C
tc dng chng c vi khun Gr (+) nh t cu, ph cu khng li khng sinh penicillin
v vi khun Gr (-) nh mng no cu, lu cu. Trong y hc, ch yu dng iu tr cc
bnh do nhim Pseudomonas.
Streptomyces venezuelae: sinh khng sinh Chloramphenicol, c hot tnh chng li c
nhiu loi vi khun Gr (-) v Gr (+). Ngoi s dng trong y hc, cht khng sinh ny cn
c s dng trong chn nui th y v thy sn.
Streptomyces erythreus: sinh khng sinh Erythromycin, l cht khng sinh c ph rng
i vi vi khun Gr (+), c s dng nhiu trong iu tr bnh vim phi do
mycoplasma v vim hng do lin cu khun gy ra.
Streptomyces spheroides, Streptomyces niveus: sinh khng sinh Novobicin, c hot tnh
mnh vi vi khun Gr (+). c bit, c kh nng chng cc t cu khng vi penicillin
v mt s cht khng sinh khc.
Streptomyces orientaliss: sinh khng sinh Vancomycin, c dng iu tr cc bnh
nhim khun do vi khun Gr (+). c bit l t cu, lin cu v ph cu.

 Streptomyces diastatochromogenes: sinh khng sinh Oligomycin, l cht khng sinh

thuc nhm macrolit c kh nng khng nm gy bnh trn cy trng rt tt. Cht ny
c mt s hng sn xut ln trn th gii quan tm.
Streptomyces hygroscopicus: sinh ra cc loi khng sinh bao gm: abomyxin,
angustmyxin, ascomyxin, decoyinin, psicofuranin, nigerixin, geldanamyxin, scopafungin,
glebomyxin, hialomyxin A, B; endomyxin A, B; helixin A, B; tylosin, minimyxin,
hygromyxin, vulgamyxin, validamyxin, ossamyxin.
Chlortetracyclin (oreomycin, biomycin): c sn xut t vi khun dng si
Streptomyces aureofaciens (tetracycline v chlotetracycline hoc cc halogentetracycline
khc), c tc dng khng khun i vi nhiu loi vi khun Gram dng v Gram m,
vi mt s virut c kch thc ln (nhm virut u), rickettsia, chlamydia v nhiu loi
nguyn trng (Coccidiahay Eimeria). Khi ung, rut thuc khng b ph hy, d hp
th v phn phi u trong c th. m thuc trong vn cao sau khi ung 8 gi. Thuc
ny dng cha cc bnh nhit thn, ung kh thn, nht l cc bnh vim phi, bnh bch
l, ph thng hn, t huyt trng, bnh cu trng g v cc ng vt khc, c tc dng
i vi c nhng bnh m mm bnh khng penicillin v streptomycin.
Oxytetracyclin (teramycin, tetran): c sn xut t vi khun dng si Streptomyces
grimosus, c tc dng khng khun rng tng t chlortetracyclin, nhng t c v c tc
dng ko di hn.