Population (millions) .........................................................................................................202.

0
GDP (US$ billions) ........................................................................................................... 2,353.0
GDP per capita, PPP$ .................................................................................................... 12,525.7
Income group........................................................................................... Upper-middle income
Region..................................................................................... Latin America and the Caribbean
Score 0100
or value (hard data)

Rank

Innovation Output Sub-Index ..................................................................................27.5

Innovation Input Sub-Index .....................................................................................42.4
Innovation Efficiency Ratio.........................................................................................0.6
Global Innovation Index 2014 (out of 143) ..............................................................36.3

74
65
99
61

Global Innovation Index (out of 141)................................. 34.9

70

Institutions ....................................................55.8 85

1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2

Political environment..........................................................................48.3
Political stability*....................................................................................57.3
Government effectiveness* ............................................................39.3

75
83
75

1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3

Regulatory environment ..................................................................66.1

Regulatory quality* ..............................................................................49.6
Rule of law* ...............................................................................................44.5
Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks ........................15.4

73
69
64
68

1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3

Business environment ........................................................................53.1 124

Ease of starting a business* ............................................................63.4 131
Ease of resolving insolvency* ........................................................54.5 53
Ease of paying taxes* ..........................................................................41.3 134

Human capital & research ..........................30.1 63

2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5

Education ...................................................................................................43.7
Expenditure on education, % GDP ............................................5.8
Govt expenditure/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap .........21.6
School life expectancy, years .....................................................14.2
PISA scales in reading, maths, & science .............................402.1
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary ......................................................16.0

2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3

Tertiary education .................................................................................16.0 111

Tertiary enrolment, % gross ........................................................25.5 83
Graduates in science & engineering, % ..................................12.0 94
Tertiary inbound mobility, %.............................................................0.2 104

2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3

Research & development (R&D)...................................................30.5

Researchers, FTE/mn pop. .........................................................710.3
Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP ...........................................1.2
QS university ranking, average score top 3* ........................54.0

73
33
49
55
53
69

33
55
30
23

Infrastructure................................................40.1 67

3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4

Information & communication technologies (ICTs) ........58.0

ICT access*.................................................................................................61.4
ICT use* .......................................................................................................40.1
Governments online service* .......................................................59.8
E-participation*.......................................................................................70.6

3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3

General infrastructure.........................................................................23.2 109

Electricity output, kWh/cap ..................................................... 2,781.0 65
Logistics performance* .....................................................................39.9 63
Gross capital formation, % GDP ...................................................17.0 116

3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3

Ecological sustainability ....................................................................39.1

GDP/unit of energy use, 2005 PPP$/kg oil eq .......................9.0
Environmental performance*........................................................53.0
ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP ........1.2

43
64
56
49
24

63
41
69
61

Market sophistication .................................44.3 87

4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3

Credit.............................................................................................................22.7 102
Ease of getting credit* .......................................................................45.0 80
Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP .............................70.7 47
Microfinance gross loans, % GDP ..................................................0.1 69

l
l
l

4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4

Investment ................................................................................................38.2
Ease of protecting investors*.........................................................62.5
Market capitalization, % GDP.........................................................54.7
Total value of stocks traded, % GDP ..........................................37.1
Venture capital deals/tr PPP$ GDP ................................................0.0

60
34
35
21
52

4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2

Trade & competition ...........................................................................72.0 89

Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % ........................................7.7 106
Intensity of local competition.....................................................71.2 50

Business sophistication ..............................41.6 37

5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5

Knowledge workers .............................................................................42.2

Knowledge-intensive employment, % ....................................21.0
Firms offering formal training, % firms .................................42.2
GERD performed by business, % of GDP .................................n/a
GERD financed by business, % ..................................................43.1
Females employed w/advanced degrees, % total ..........8.3

54
69
41
n/a
33
67

5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5

Innovation linkages .............................................................................35.8

University/industry research collaboration ........................46.7
State of cluster development .....................................................60.4
GERD financed by abroad, % ...........................................................n/a
JVstrategic alliance deals/tr PPP$ GDP ....................................0.0
Patent families 3+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP ...................................0.0

59
52
22
n/a
75
63

5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4

Knowledge absorption ......................................................................46.7

Royalty & license fees payments, % total trade.....................1.2
High-tech imports less re-imports, % total trade .............12.0
Comm., computer & info. services imp., % total trade .....1.7
FDI net inflows, % GDP .........................................................................3.6

21
21
23
29
46

l
l
l
l

Knowledge & technology outputs ...........25.4 72

6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5

Knowledge creation ............................................................................15.9

Domestic resident patent app./bn PPP$ GDP .......................1.5
PCT resident patent app./bn PPP$ GDP ....................................0.2
Domestic res utility model app./bn PPP$ GDP .....................0.9
Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP.........................11.8
Citable documents H index.........................................................342.0

56
55
51
29
63
22

6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5

Knowledge impact...............................................................................36.5
Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, % ...........................................0.8
New businesses/th pop. 1564.......................................................2.2
Computer software spending, % GDP........................................0.3
ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP .............................6.9
High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, % ....................39.8

74
80
45
49
51
22

6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4

Knowledge diffusion ...........................................................................23.9 93

Royalty & license fees receipts, % total trade .........................0.2 38
High-tech exports less re-exports, % total trade .................3.0 44
Comm., computer & info. services exp., % total trade ......0.3 109
FDI net outflows, % GDP .....................................................................0.6 64

Creative outputs ..........................................29.6 82

7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4

Intangible assets ....................................................................................42.3

Domestic res trademark app./bn PPP$ GDP........................41.2
Madrid trademark app. holders/bn PPP$ GDP .....................n/a
ICTs & business model creation.................................................54.1
ICTs & organizational model creation ....................................50.8

87
61
n/a
73
74

7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5

Creative goods & services ...................................................................9.8

Cultural & creative services exports, % total trade ..............0.3
National feature films/mn pop. 1569........................................0.9
Global ent. & media output/th pop. 1569 .............................9.3
Printing & publishing output manufactures, % ....................0.9
Creative goods exports, % total trade.........................................0.2

96
45
79
36
77
76

7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4

Online creativity .....................................................................................23.9

Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 1569...............1.9
Country-code TLDs/th pop. 1569 ............................................10.3
Wikipedia edits/pop. 1569.........................................................971.2
Video uploads on YouTube/pop. 1569 .................................76.2

55
90
43
76
43

NOTES: l indicates a strength;

a weakness; * an index; a survey question.
indicates that the countrys data are older than the base year; see Appendix II for details, including the year of the data.

THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2015

Key indicators

179

I: Country/Economy Profiles

Brazil